Summary
Dante encounters Saint Benedict, the founder of monasticism, in the sphere of Saturn among the contemplative souls. Benedict appears as a brilliant light and speaks about how he brought Christianity to Monte Cassino, converting pagans through divine grace. But he's deeply troubled by how his monastic order has fallen from its pure beginnings - the monasteries now care more about wealth than souls, and the monks have grown corrupt and lazy. He compares this decline to how Peter founded his church without gold or silver, and Francis embraced poverty, yet both institutions have strayed from their founders' vision. Benedict explains that in the highest heaven, all desires find completion, but earthly institutions seem doomed to corruption over time. After this sobering conversation about institutional decay, Beatrice guides Dante upward to the constellation Gemini, his birth sign. From this incredible height, she tells him to look down at Earth one final time before ascending further. When Dante gazes down through all seven heavenly spheres, he sees Earth as a tiny, almost pitiful ball that makes him smile at how small and insignificant it appears from heaven's perspective. He realizes that the wisest people are those who don't get too attached to earthly concerns. This moment represents a crucial shift in perspective - seeing his former world from the vantage point of divine wisdom.
Coming Up in Chapter 90
As Dante prepares for his final ascent to the highest heaven, Beatrice takes on an even more radiant appearance, like a bird eagerly awaiting the dawn. The ultimate destination of their journey draws near.
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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1154 words)
Astounded, to the guardian of my steps I turn’d me, like the chill, who always runs Thither for succour, where he trusteth most, And she was like the mother, who her son Beholding pale and breathless, with her voice Soothes him, and he is cheer’d; for thus she spake, Soothing me: “Know’st not thou, thou art in heav’n? And know’st not thou, whatever is in heav’n, Is holy, and that nothing there is done But is done zealously and well? Deem now, What change in thee the song, and what my smile had wrought, since thus the shout had pow’r to move thee. In which couldst thou have understood their prayers, The vengeance were already known to thee, Which thou must witness ere thy mortal hour, The sword of heav’n is not in haste to smite, Nor yet doth linger, save unto his seeming, Who in desire or fear doth look for it. But elsewhere now l bid thee turn thy view; So shalt thou many a famous spirit behold.” Mine eyes directing, as she will’d, I saw A hundred little spheres, that fairer grew By interchange of splendour. I remain’d, As one, who fearful of o’er-much presuming, Abates in him the keenness of desire, Nor dares to question, when amid those pearls, One largest and most lustrous onward drew, That it might yield contentment to my wish; And from within it these the sounds I heard. “If thou, like me, beheldst the charity That burns amongst us, what thy mind conceives, Were utter’d. But that, ere the lofty bound Thou reach, expectance may not weary thee, I will make answer even to the thought, Which thou hast such respect of. In old days, That mountain, at whose side Cassino rests, Was on its height frequented by a race Deceived and ill dispos’d: and I it was, Who thither carried first the name of Him, Who brought the soul-subliming truth to man. And such a speeding grace shone over me, That from their impious worship I reclaim’d The dwellers round about, who with the world Were in delusion lost. These other flames, The spirits of men contemplative, were all Enliven’d by that warmth, whose kindly force Gives birth to flowers and fruits of holiness. Here is Macarius; Romoaldo here: And here my brethren, who their steps refrain’d Within the cloisters, and held firm their heart.” I answ’ring, thus; “Thy gentle words and kind, And this the cheerful semblance, I behold Not unobservant, beaming in ye all, Have rais’d assurance in me, wakening it Full-blossom’d in my bosom, as a rose Before the sun, when the consummate flower Has spread to utmost amplitude. Of thee Therefore entreat I, father! to declare If I may gain such favour, as to gaze Upon thine image, by no covering veil’d.” “Brother!” he thus rejoin’d, “in the last sphere Expect completion of thy lofty aim, For there on each desire completion waits, And there on mine: where every aim is found Perfect, entire, and for fulfillment ripe. There all things are as they have ever been: For space is none to bound, nor pole divides, Our ladder reaches even to that clime, And so at giddy distance mocks thy view. Thither the Patriarch Jacob saw it stretch Its topmost round, when it appear’d to him With angels laden. But to mount it now None lifts his foot from earth: and hence my rule Is left a profitless stain upon the leaves; The walls, for abbey rear’d, turned into dens, The cowls to sacks choak’d up with musty meal. Foul usury doth not more lift itself Against God’s pleasure, than that fruit which makes The hearts of monks so wanton: for whate’er Is in the church’s keeping, all pertains. To such, as sue for heav’n’s sweet sake, and not To those who in respect of kindred claim, Or on more vile allowance. Mortal flesh Is grown so dainty, good beginnings last not From the oak’s birth, unto the acorn’s setting. His convent Peter founded without gold Or silver; I with pray’rs and fasting mine; And Francis his in meek humility. And if thou note the point, whence each proceeds, Then look what it hath err’d to, thou shalt find The white grown murky. Jordan was turn’d back; And a less wonder, then the refluent sea, May at God’s pleasure work amendment here.” So saying, to his assembly back he drew: And they together cluster’d into one, Then all roll’d upward like an eddying wind. The sweet dame beckon’d me to follow them: And, by that influence only, so prevail’d Over my nature, that no natural motion, Ascending or descending here below, Had, as I mounted, with my pennon vied. So, reader, as my hope is to return Unto the holy triumph, for the which I ofttimes wail my sins, and smite my breast, Thou hadst been longer drawing out and thrusting Thy finger in the fire, than I was, ere The sign, that followeth Taurus, I beheld, And enter’d its precinct. O glorious stars! O light impregnate with exceeding virtue! To whom whate’er of genius lifteth me Above the vulgar, grateful I refer; With ye the parent of all mortal life Arose and set, when I did first inhale The Tuscan air; and afterward, when grace Vouchsaf’d me entrance to the lofty wheel That in its orb impels ye, fate decreed My passage at your clime. To you my soul Devoutly sighs, for virtue even now To meet the hard emprize that draws me on. “Thou art so near the sum of blessedness,” Said Beatrice, “that behooves thy ken Be vigilant and clear. And, to this end, Or even thou advance thee further, hence Look downward, and contemplate, what a world Already stretched under our feet there lies: So as thy heart may, in its blithest mood, Present itself to the triumphal throng, Which through the’ etherial concave comes rejoicing.” I straight obey’d; and with mine eye return’d Through all the seven spheres, and saw this globe So pitiful of semblance, that perforce It moved my smiles: and him in truth I hold For wisest, who esteems it least: whose thoughts Elsewhere are fix’d, him worthiest call and best. I saw the daughter of Latona shine Without the shadow, whereof late I deem’d That dense and rare were cause. Here I sustain’d The visage, Hyperion! of thy sun; And mark’d, how near him with their circle, round Move Maia and Dione; here discern’d Jove’s tempering ’twixt his sire and son; and hence Their changes and their various aspects Distinctly scann’d. Nor might I not descry Of all the seven, how bulky each, how swift; Nor of their several distances not learn. This petty area (o’er the which we stride So fiercely), as along the eternal twins I wound my way, appear’d before me all, Forth from the havens stretch’d unto the hills. Then to the beauteous eyes mine eyes return’d.
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Institutional Decay Cycle
Organizations inevitably drift from their founding mission as success breeds comfort, comfort breeds complacency, and self-interest replaces service.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to spot when organizations drift from their founding mission toward self-serving comfort.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when leaders in your workplace, union, or community organization prioritize their own comfort over the people they're supposed to serve—then ask what the founders would think.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Monasticism
A religious lifestyle where people withdraw from the world to focus entirely on spiritual devotion, living in communities with strict rules about poverty, prayer, and service. Saint Benedict created the most influential monastic rule in Western Christianity.
Modern Usage:
We see this pattern in any movement that starts pure but gets corrupted over time - like nonprofits that forget their mission or companies that lose their founding values.
Institutional decay
The process where organizations gradually abandon their original purpose and values, often becoming focused on wealth, power, or comfort instead. Benedict laments how monasteries have strayed from their spiritual mission.
Modern Usage:
This happens everywhere - from churches focused more on money than souls to unions that serve leadership instead of workers.
Monte Cassino
The mountain monastery founded by Saint Benedict around 529 AD, considered the birthplace of Western monasticism. Benedict converted the pagan population there and established his famous Rule for monastic life.
Modern Usage:
Any place where someone starts a movement that changes the world - like Silicon Valley for tech or Nashville for country music.
Sphere of Saturn
The seventh heaven in Dante's Paradise, associated with contemplation and the souls of those who devoted their lives to spiritual meditation and prayer. It's represented by contemplative religious figures.
Modern Usage:
Like finding yourself among the deep thinkers and wise mentors who've spent their lives reflecting on life's biggest questions.
Divine perspective
The ability to see earthly concerns from heaven's viewpoint, where human problems appear small and temporary. Dante gains this when he looks down at Earth from the constellation Gemini.
Modern Usage:
That moment when you step back from daily stress and realize how small your problems really are in the bigger picture.
Constellation Gemini
Dante's birth sign, where Beatrice takes him in the eighth sphere. From this height, he can see all of creation below and gains cosmic perspective on human affairs.
Modern Usage:
Like reaching a career peak where you can finally see your whole journey and understand how all the pieces fit together.
Characters in This Chapter
Saint Benedict
Spiritual mentor and reformer
Appears as a brilliant light in the sphere of contemplatives. He founded monasticism but is deeply saddened by how corrupt his monasteries have become, caring more about wealth than souls.
Modern Equivalent:
The founder who built something great but watches it get ruined by people who missed the point
Beatrice
Divine guide
Continues guiding Dante upward through the spheres. She takes him to his birth constellation and encourages him to look down at Earth one final time to gain proper perspective.
Modern Equivalent:
The mentor who helps you see the big picture when you're ready for the next level
Dante
Spiritual pilgrim
Experiences a crucial shift in perspective when he looks down at Earth from the highest spheres and sees how small and insignificant worldly concerns really are.
Modern Equivalent:
The person finally getting some wisdom and realizing what actually matters in life
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The sword of heaven is not in haste to smite, nor yet doth linger, save unto his seeming, who in desire or fear doth look for it."
Context: Explaining how divine justice works in God's timing, not human timing
This reveals how our perspective on justice is limited by our earthly viewpoint. What seems slow or fast to us is perfect timing from heaven's perspective.
In Today's Words:
God's justice comes exactly when it should, but it only seems slow or fast to people who are anxious about it.
"Peter began his work with neither gold nor silver, I with prayer and fasting, Francis with humility."
Context: Lamenting how religious institutions have become corrupt and materialistic
Benedict contrasts the pure beginnings of great spiritual movements with their later corruption. All started with spiritual values, not material wealth.
In Today's Words:
The great leaders started with nothing but their principles, not money or power.
"I saw Earth as a little threshing floor that makes us so ferocious."
Context: Looking down at Earth from the constellation Gemini
This moment represents Dante's final shift to divine perspective. He sees how small and petty human conflicts appear when viewed from heaven's vantage point.
In Today's Words:
I saw Earth as this tiny place where people fight over nothing important.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Benedict contrasts the humble origins of religious orders with their current wealth and corruption
Development
Continues examination of how power and privilege corrupt pure intentions
In Your Life:
You might notice how your workplace has drifted from its original mission as it became more successful
Identity
In This Chapter
Dante gains cosmic perspective by seeing Earth as tiny and insignificant from heaven's height
Development
Major shift from earthly concerns to divine perspective on human importance
In Your Life:
You might find peace by stepping back and seeing your daily stresses from a larger perspective
Social Expectations
In This Chapter
Benedict laments how monks now seek comfort and status rather than spiritual discipline
Development
Reinforces theme of institutions failing their foundational expectations
In Your Life:
You might see how social pressure to succeed can corrupt your original values and motivations
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
Dante's ability to see Earth from cosmic distance represents matured wisdom about what truly matters
Development
Culmination of journey showing detachment from earthly concerns
In Your Life:
You might realize that real growth means caring less about things that seemed important before
Human Relationships
In This Chapter
Benedict's relationship with his corrupted order shows how institutions can betray their founders
Development
Explores how even sacred relationships can be corrupted by time and success
In Your Life:
You might recognize when organizations or groups you care about have lost their way
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What does Saint Benedict reveal about how his monasteries have changed since he founded them?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Benedict compare his corrupt monasteries to how Peter and Francis started their movements without wealth?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see this pattern of 'successful organizations losing their original purpose' in your workplace, community, or institutions you know?
application • medium - 4
When Dante looks down at Earth from heaven and sees it as tiny and insignificant, what does this suggest about how to handle daily stresses and conflicts?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter teach us about the relationship between success and corruption in human institutions?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Trace an Institution's Drift
Choose an organization you know well - your workplace, a school, church, union, or community group. Write down what you think its original mission was, then list how it operates today. Identify three specific ways it has drifted from its founding purpose, and one way it still stays true to its roots.
Consider:
- •Focus on concrete behaviors and priorities, not just stated missions
- •Consider how success and growth might have changed the organization
- •Think about whether the drift was inevitable or preventable
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you had to choose between personal comfort and staying true to your values. How did you handle it, and what would you do differently now?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 90: The Rose of Paradise Revealed
In the next chapter, you'll discover anticipation and patience prepare us for life's greatest moments, and learn some experiences are so profound they can't be fully expressed in words. These insights reveal timeless patterns that resonate in our own lives and relationships.
