Summary
Dante encounters the most horrific sight yet in Hell's ninth circle: souls torn apart and mutilated, forced to walk in an endless circle as their wounds heal, only to be sliced open again by a demon with a sword. These are the sowers of discord—people who in life deliberately created division, conflict, and scandal among others. The most shocking figure is Mohammed, split from chin to groin, representing how religious schism tears communities apart. Other souls bear equally gruesome punishments that mirror their earthly crimes. Piero of Medicina, his throat pierced, warns of future betrayals. Curio, who convinced Caesar to cross the Rubicon and start civil war, has his tongue cut out. Most disturbing is Bertrand de Born, who carries his own severed head like a lantern—he had turned a father and son against each other, so now his head is separated from his body. Each punishment reflects the principle that those who divide others ultimately divide themselves. The souls desperately try to send messages to the living world, hoping to prevent others from following their path. This canto reveals how manipulation and stirring up conflict doesn't just harm others—it fundamentally fractures the manipulator's own integrity and humanity. The grotesque imagery serves as a stark warning about the true cost of sowing discord in families, communities, and nations.
Coming Up in Chapter 29
Dante struggles to process the overwhelming horror he's witnessed, as the sheer multitude of mutilated souls threatens to break his spirit. The journey through Hell's depths continues to test not just his courage, but his very sanity.
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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1085 words)
Who, e’en in words unfetter’d, might at full Tell of the wounds and blood that now I saw, Though he repeated oft the tale? No tongue So vast a theme could equal, speech and thought Both impotent alike. If in one band Collected, stood the people all, who e’er Pour’d on Apulia’s happy soil their blood, Slain by the Trojans, and in that long war When of the rings the measur’d booty made A pile so high, as Rome’s historian writes Who errs not, with the multitude, that felt The grinding force of Guiscard’s Norman steel, And those the rest, whose bones are gather’d yet At Ceperano, there where treachery Branded th’ Apulian name, or where beyond Thy walls, O Tagliacozzo, without arms The old Alardo conquer’d; and his limbs One were to show transpierc’d, another his Clean lopt away; a spectacle like this Were but a thing of nought, to the’ hideous sight Of the ninth chasm. A rundlet, that hath lost Its middle or side stave, gapes not so wide, As one I mark’d, torn from the chin throughout Down to the hinder passage: ’twixt the legs Dangling his entrails hung, the midriff lay Open to view, and wretched ventricle, That turns th’ englutted aliment to dross. Whilst eagerly I fix on him my gaze, He ey’d me, with his hands laid his breast bare, And cried; “Now mark how I do rip me! lo! How is Mohammed mangled! before me Walks Ali weeping, from the chin his face Cleft to the forelock; and the others all Whom here thou seest, while they liv’d, did sow Scandal and schism, and therefore thus are rent. A fiend is here behind, who with his sword Hacks us thus cruelly, slivering again Each of this ream, when we have compast round The dismal way, for first our gashes close Ere we repass before him. But say who Art thou, that standest musing on the rock, Haply so lingering to delay the pain Sentenc’d upon thy crimes?”—“Him death not yet,” My guide rejoin’d, “hath overta’en, nor sin Conducts to torment; but, that he may make Full trial of your state, I who am dead Must through the depths of hell, from orb to orb, Conduct him. Trust my words, for they are true.” More than a hundred spirits, when that they heard, Stood in the foss to mark me, through amazed, Forgetful of their pangs. “Thou, who perchance Shalt shortly view the sun, this warning thou Bear to Dolcino: bid him, if he wish not Here soon to follow me, that with good store Of food he arm him, lest impris’ning snows Yield him a victim to Novara’s power, No easy conquest else.” With foot uprais’d For stepping, spake Mohammed, on the ground Then fix’d it to depart. Another shade, Pierc’d in the throat, his nostrils mutilate E’en from beneath the eyebrows, and one ear Lopt off, who with the rest through wonder stood Gazing, before the rest advanc’d, and bar’d His wind-pipe, that without was all o’ersmear’d With crimson stain. “O thou!” said ‘he, “whom sin Condemns not, and whom erst (unless too near Resemblance do deceive me) I aloft Have seen on Latian ground, call thou to mind Piero of Medicina, if again Returning, thou behold’st the pleasant land That from Vercelli slopes to Mercabo; And there instruct the twain, whom Fano boasts Her worthiest sons, Guido and Angelo, That if ’tis giv’n us here to scan aright The future, they out of life’s tenement Shall be cast forth, and whelm’d under the waves Near to Cattolica, through perfidy Of a fell tyrant. ’Twixt the Cyprian isle And Balearic, ne’er hath Neptune seen An injury so foul, by pirates done Or Argive crew of old. That one-ey’d traitor (Whose realm there is a spirit here were fain His eye had still lack’d sight of) them shall bring To conf’rence with him, then so shape his end, That they shall need not ’gainst Focara’s wind Offer up vow nor pray’r.” I answering thus: “Declare, as thou dost wish that I above May carry tidings of thee, who is he, In whom that sight doth wake such sad remembrance?” Forthwith he laid his hand on the cheek-bone Of one, his fellow-spirit, and his jaws Expanding, cried: “Lo! this is he I wot of; He speaks not for himself: the outcast this Who overwhelm’d the doubt in Caesar’s mind, Affirming that delay to men prepar’d Was ever harmful. “Oh how terrified Methought was Curio, from whose throat was cut The tongue, which spake that hardy word. Then one Maim’d of each hand, uplifted in the gloom The bleeding stumps, that they with gory spots Sullied his face, and cried: “‘Remember thee Of Mosca, too, I who, alas! exclaim’d, ‘The deed once done there is an end,’ that prov’d A seed of sorrow to the Tuscan race.” I added: “Ay, and death to thine own tribe.” Whence heaping woe on woe he hurried off, As one grief stung to madness. But I there Still linger’d to behold the troop, and saw Things, such as I may fear without more proof To tell of, but that conscience makes me firm, The boon companion, who her strong breast-plate Buckles on him, that feels no guilt within And bids him on and fear not. Without doubt I saw, and yet it seems to pass before me, A headless trunk, that even as the rest Of the sad flock pac’d onward. By the hair It bore the sever’d member, lantern-wise Pendent in hand, which look’d at us and said, “Woe’s me!” The spirit lighted thus himself, And two there were in one, and one in two. How that may be he knows who ordereth so. When at the bridge’s foot direct he stood, His arm aloft he rear’d, thrusting the head Full in our view, that nearer we might hear The words, which thus it utter’d: “Now behold This grievous torment, thou, who breathing go’st To spy the dead; behold if any else Be terrible as this. And that on earth Thou mayst bear tidings of me, know that I Am Bertrand, he of Born, who gave King John The counsel mischievous. Father and son I set at mutual war. For Absalom And David more did not Ahitophel, Spurring them on maliciously to strife. For parting those so closely knit, my brain Parted, alas! I carry from its source, That in this trunk inhabits. Thus the law Of retribution fiercely works in me.”
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Division - How Stirring Conflict Destroys the Stirrer
Those who habitually create conflict and division between others ultimately fragment their own capacity for authentic connection and inner peace.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when someone is deliberately sowing discord by showing the psychological profile and ultimate fate of manipulators.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when someone shares information that seems designed to make you suspicious of others—ask yourself what they gain from creating that doubt.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Sowers of Discord
People who deliberately create division, conflict, and arguments among others. In Dante's Hell, they're punished by being literally split apart, then healed, then split again forever. The punishment mirrors their crime - they divided others, so now they're eternally divided themselves.
Modern Usage:
We see this in people who start drama at work, spread rumors to break up relationships, or politicians who deliberately polarize communities for personal gain.
Schism
A formal split or division, especially in religion or politics. Dante shows Mohammed as split from chin to groin because he viewed Islam as a breakaway from Christianity. The physical splitting represents how religious divisions tear communities apart.
Modern Usage:
We see schisms in churches splitting over social issues, political parties fracturing, or families dividing over beliefs.
Contrapasso
Dante's principle that punishments in Hell mirror the crime committed in life. Those who divided others are now literally divided themselves. The punishment fits the sin in a symbolic way that reveals the true nature of the wrongdoing.
Modern Usage:
We see this idea in 'what goes around comes around' - manipulative people often end up isolated, liars lose credibility.
Civil War
War within a single nation where citizens fight each other. Dante includes figures like Curio, who encouraged Caesar to cross the Rubicon and start Rome's civil war. These conflicts destroy societies from within.
Modern Usage:
We see this in political polarization so extreme that neighbors turn against each other, or in families torn apart by ideological differences.
Prophecy of Future Events
Dante uses souls in Hell to predict real historical events that happened after the poem's fictional journey but before he wrote it. This gives the story urgency and connects Hell's lessons to real-world consequences.
Modern Usage:
We see this technique in movies that show the consequences of current choices, or when older people warn about patterns they've seen repeat.
Mutilation as Symbol
The graphic violence in this canto isn't just shock value - each specific injury represents how that person's actions damaged their own humanity. The external wounds show internal spiritual corruption.
Modern Usage:
We understand this when we say someone 'lost themselves' to hatred, or that toxic behavior 'eats away at you.'
Characters in This Chapter
Mohammed
Primary example of religious schismatic
Split from chin to groin and forced to walk in endless circles as his wounds heal and reopen. Represents how religious division tears communities apart. His punishment shows Dante's medieval Christian view of Islam as a breakaway sect.
Modern Equivalent:
The cult leader who breaks up families with extreme beliefs
Ali
Mohammed's companion in punishment
Split from forehead to chin, walking ahead of Mohammed weeping. Represents the continuation of religious schism after the founder. Shows how division spreads and deepens over time.
Modern Equivalent:
The second-in-command who keeps the toxic culture going
Piero of Medicina
Political troublemaker and prophet
Has his throat pierced and nose cut off. Warns Dante about future betrayals and murders that will happen in the living world. Represents those who spread political discord and manipulation.
Modern Equivalent:
The office gossip who stirs up workplace drama and predicts who's getting fired
Curio
Caesar's advisor and civil war instigator
Has his tongue cut out because his words convinced Caesar to cross the Rubicon and start civil war. Can't speak now because his speech caused national destruction.
Modern Equivalent:
The advisor who talks the boss into a decision that destroys the company
Bertrand de Born
Noble who divided father and son
Carries his own severed head like a lantern. Turned Prince Henry against his father King Henry II. His punishment perfectly mirrors his crime - he separated family members, so now his head is separated from his body.
Modern Equivalent:
The manipulative relative who turns parents against their children for personal gain
Key Quotes & Analysis
"Now mark how I do rip me! lo! How is Mohammed mangled!"
Context: Mohammed tears open his own chest to show Dante the full extent of his wounds
This shocking moment emphasizes how those who divide others ultimately destroy themselves. Mohammed's self-mutilation shows that creating schism doesn't just harm communities - it fractures the schismatic's own integrity and humanity.
In Today's Words:
Look what I've done to myself! See how I'm torn apart!
"A rundlet, that hath lost its middle or side stave, gapes not so wide, As one I mark'd, torn from the chin throughout Down to the hinder passage"
Context: Dante describes the horrific sight of Mohammed's split body using the comparison of a broken barrel
The barrel metaphor is perfect - just as a barrel with missing staves can't hold anything, a person who sows discord can't hold communities together. The graphic description forces readers to confront the true destructiveness of division.
In Today's Words:
Even a busted barrel doesn't have a gap as wide as this guy split from chin to butt
"Behold how I do cleave myself! behold How mangled is Mohammed!"
Context: Mohammed's repeated emphasis on his own destruction as he walks the eternal circle
The repetition shows obsessive self-awareness of his condition. Those who create division become fixated on their own fragmentation. It's both punishment and recognition of what they've become.
In Today's Words:
Look at me! I'm completely broken apart!
Thematic Threads
Manipulation
In This Chapter
Souls who manipulated others into conflict now experience physical separation and fragmentation
Development
Evolved from earlier deceptions to show manipulation's ultimate cost to the manipulator
In Your Life:
When you catch yourself stirring up drama between friends or coworkers, recognize you're training yourself to see relationships as games rather than connections
Consequences
In This Chapter
Punishments precisely mirror the crimes—those who divided others are themselves eternally divided
Development
Continues the pattern of punishments fitting the spiritual damage caused by sins
In Your Life:
The way you treat others shapes who you become, often in ways you don't notice until the damage is done
Communication
In This Chapter
Souls desperately try to send warnings to the living world about the true cost of their actions
Development
Builds on earlier themes of failed communication and missed opportunities for redemption
In Your Life:
Pay attention when people warn you about destructive patterns—they may be speaking from hard-won experience
Identity
In This Chapter
The punishment of carrying one's own severed head shows how division fractures the self
Development
Deepens exploration of how sin distorts and fragments human identity
In Your Life:
When you feel internally conflicted or 'at war with yourself,' consider whether you've been creating similar conflicts in your relationships
Power
In This Chapter
Religious and political figures who abused their influence to create schisms face the most severe torments
Development
Continues examination of how authority can be corrupted and the responsibility that comes with influence
In Your Life:
Whatever influence you have—as parent, supervisor, or community member—using it to divide people ultimately undermines your own authority
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What specific punishments do the souls face in this circle, and how do they relate to what these people did in life?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Dante show us that people who divide others end up literally divided themselves? What's the connection between their crimes and their punishments?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see this pattern today - people who create drama or conflict eventually becoming isolated or fragmented themselves?
application • medium - 4
When you encounter someone who seems to thrive on stirring up trouble, how might understanding their own internal division change how you respond to them?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter suggest about the true cost of building your influence or power by turning people against each other?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Track the Discord Pattern
Think of someone you know who frequently creates drama or turns people against each other. Map out what they gain from this behavior and what they lose. Then consider: what might they really be seeking underneath the conflict-creation? What healthier ways could they meet those needs?
Consider:
- •Look for what the person gains: attention, feeling important, avoiding their own problems
- •Notice what they lose: genuine friendships, trust, peace of mind
- •Consider what they might actually need: connection, validation, control over their own life
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you found yourself stirring up conflict or drama. What were you really trying to accomplish? How did it affect your relationships and your own sense of integrity?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 29: The Weight of Unfinished Business
Moving forward, we'll examine unresolved family conflicts can consume us emotionally, and understand moving forward sometimes means accepting what we cannot change. These insights bridge the gap between classic literature and modern experience.
