Summary
Dante witnesses a bizarre and violent scene in the fifth ditch of Hell, where corrupt public officials are boiled in pitch and tormented by demons with colorful names like Barbariccia and Graffiacan. The demons behave like a twisted military unit, complete with their own crude hierarchy and brutal discipline. When they capture a sinner trying to surface for air, Dante learns he's a corrupt official from Navarre who served King Thibault but turned to embezzlement. The man reveals he was recently with Friar Gomita of Sardinia, another notorious grafter who sold justice for money. In a desperate gambit, the Navarrese official offers to call up more sinners for the demons to torture, claiming he can whistle for seven Italian spirits. The demons debate whether this is a trick, and their disagreement reveals the fragility of their authority. When they finally agree to let him try, the clever sinner immediately dives back into the boiling pitch and escapes. Enraged by being outsmarted, two demons turn on each other in fury, grappling and falling into the boiling lake themselves. The scene dissolves into chaos as more demons rush to help their trapped comrades. This episode shows how corruption creates a world where everyone deceives everyone else, where authority figures become as savage as those they punish, and where the systems meant to maintain order collapse into violence and confusion. Even in Hell, the corrupt continue their schemes, and even the enforcers of punishment become victims of their own brutal methods.
Coming Up in Chapter 23
With the demons distracted by their own chaos, Dante and Virgil slip away in silence, moving like monks on a pilgrimage. But their escape from one danger may lead them toward something even more challenging in the depths ahead.
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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1149 words)
t hath been heretofore my chance to see Horsemen with martial order shifting camp, To onset sallying, or in muster rang’d, Or in retreat sometimes outstretch’d for flight; Light-armed squadrons and fleet foragers Scouring thy plains, Arezzo! have I seen, And clashing tournaments, and tilting jousts, Now with the sound of trumpets, now of bells, Tabors, or signals made from castled heights, And with inventions multiform, our own, Or introduc’d from foreign land; but ne’er To such a strange recorder I beheld, In evolution moving, horse nor foot, Nor ship, that tack’d by sign from land or star. With the ten demons on our way we went; Ah fearful company! but in the church With saints, with gluttons at the tavern’s mess. Still earnest on the pitch I gaz’d, to mark All things whate’er the chasm contain’d, and those Who burn’d within. As dolphins, that, in sign To mariners, heave high their arched backs, That thence forewarn’d they may advise to save Their threaten’d vessels; so, at intervals, To ease the pain his back some sinner show’d, Then hid more nimbly than the lightning glance. E’en as the frogs, that of a wat’ry moat Stand at the brink, with the jaws only out, Their feet and of the trunk all else concealed, Thus on each part the sinners stood, but soon As Barbariccia was at hand, so they Drew back under the wave. I saw, and yet My heart doth stagger, one, that waited thus, As it befalls that oft one frog remains, While the next springs away: and Graffiacan, Who of the fiends was nearest, grappling seiz’d His clotted locks, and dragg’d him sprawling up, That he appear’d to me an otter. Each Already by their names I knew, so well When they were chosen, I observ’d, and mark’d How one the other call’d. “O Rubicant! See that his hide thou with thy talons flay,” Shouted together all the cursed crew. Then I: “Inform thee, master! if thou may, What wretched soul is this, on whom their hand His foes have laid.” My leader to his side Approach’d, and whence he came inquir’d, to whom Was answer’d thus: “Born in Navarre’s domain My mother plac’d me in a lord’s retinue, For she had borne me to a losel vile, A spendthrift of his substance and himself. The good king Thibault after that I serv’d, To peculating here my thoughts were turn’d, Whereof I give account in this dire heat.” Straight Ciriatto, from whose mouth a tusk Issued on either side, as from a boar, Ript him with one of these. ’Twixt evil claws The mouse had fall’n: but Barbariccia cried, Seizing him with both arms: “Stand thou apart, While I do fix him on my prong transpierc’d.” Then added, turning to my guide his face, “Inquire of him, if more thou wish to learn, Ere he again be rent.” My leader thus: “Then tell us of the partners in thy guilt; Knowest thou any sprung of Latian land Under the tar?”—“I parted,” he replied, “But now from one, who sojourn’d not far thence; So were I under shelter now with him! Nor hook nor talon then should scare me more.”—. “Too long we suffer,” Libicocco cried, Then, darting forth a prong, seiz’d on his arm, And mangled bore away the sinewy part. Him Draghinazzo by his thighs beneath Would next have caught, whence angrily their chief, Turning on all sides round, with threat’ning brow Restrain’d them. When their strife a little ceas’d, Of him, who yet was gazing on his wound, My teacher thus without delay inquir’d: “Who was the spirit, from whom by evil hap Parting, as thou has told, thou cam’st to shore?”— “It was the friar Gomita,” he rejoin’d, “He of Gallura, vessel of all guile, Who had his master’s enemies in hand, And us’d them so that they commend him well. Money he took, and them at large dismiss’d. So he reports: and in each other charge Committed to his keeping, play’d the part Of barterer to the height: with him doth herd The chief of Logodoro, Michel Zanche. Sardinia is a theme, whereof their tongue Is never weary. Out! alas! behold That other, how he grins! More would I say, But tremble lest he mean to maul me sore.” Their captain then to Farfarello turning, Who roll’d his moony eyes in act to strike, Rebuk’d him thus: “Off! cursed bird! Avaunt!”— “If ye desire to see or hear,” he thus Quaking with dread resum’d, “or Tuscan spirits Or Lombard, I will cause them to appear. Meantime let these ill talons bate their fury, So that no vengeance they may fear from them, And I, remaining in this self-same place, Will for myself but one, make sev’n appear, When my shrill whistle shall be heard; for so Our custom is to call each other up.” Cagnazzo at that word deriding grinn’d, Then wagg’d the head and spake: “Hear his device, Mischievous as he is, to plunge him down.” Whereto he thus, who fail’d not in rich store Of nice-wove toils; “ Mischief forsooth extreme, Meant only to procure myself more woe!” No longer Alichino then refrain’d, But thus, the rest gainsaying, him bespake: “If thou do cast thee down, I not on foot Will chase thee, but above the pitch will beat My plumes. Quit we the vantage ground, and let The bank be as a shield, that we may see If singly thou prevail against us all.” Now, reader, of new sport expect to hear! They each one turn’d his eyes to the’ other shore, He first, who was the hardest to persuade. The spirit of Navarre chose well his time, Planted his feet on land, and at one leap Escaping disappointed their resolve. Them quick resentment stung, but him the most, Who was the cause of failure; in pursuit He therefore sped, exclaiming; “Thou art caught.” But little it avail’d: terror outstripp’d His following flight: the other plung’d beneath, And he with upward pinion rais’d his breast: E’en thus the water-fowl, when she perceives The falcon near, dives instant down, while he Enrag’d and spent retires. That mockery In Calcabrina fury stirr’d, who flew After him, with desire of strife inflam’d; And, for the barterer had ’scap’d, so turn’d His talons on his comrade. O’er the dyke In grapple close they join’d; but the’ other prov’d A goshawk able to rend well his foe; And in the boiling lake both fell. The heat Was umpire soon between them, but in vain To lift themselves they strove, so fast were glued Their pennons. Barbariccia, as the rest, That chance lamenting, four in flight dispatch’d From the’ other coast, with all their weapons arm’d. They, to their post on each side speedily Descending, stretch’d their hooks toward the fiends, Who flounder’d, inly burning from their scars: And we departing left them to that broil.
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Corrupt Authority - When Power Systems Eat Themselves
When those in power abandon principles for personal gain, they create chaos that eventually destroys the very system they were meant to protect.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when authority figures have lost moral credibility and are operating purely through force and manipulation.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when someone in authority changes the rules to benefit themselves—watch how it affects everyone else's behavior and trust in the system.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Grafters
Public officials who take bribes or embezzle money meant for the public good. In Dante's time, these were magistrates, tax collectors, and government clerks who skimmed off the top or sold favors. They're punished by being boiled in pitch because their corruption was sticky and hard to wash off.
Modern Usage:
We see this in politicians who take kickbacks, city officials who award contracts to their buddies, or DMV workers who take cash to skip the line.
Malebranche
The name of the demons who guard this circle, meaning 'evil claws.' They're organized like a corrupt police force or military unit, with ranks and crude discipline. They use hooks and claws to keep the sinners submerged in boiling pitch.
Modern Usage:
Any group of enforcers who become as corrupt as the people they're supposed to control - think dirty cops or prison guards who abuse their power.
Barbaricchia
The leader of the demon squad, whose name means 'curly beard.' He acts like a sergeant commanding his troops, giving orders and maintaining brutal discipline among his subordinates.
Modern Usage:
The middle manager who rules through fear and intimidation, keeping everyone in line through threats and displays of power.
Pitch punishment
The sticky black tar that corrupt officials are boiled in represents how their corruption stuck to everything they touched. They can't surface without being clawed back down, just like how corruption traps people in cycles of dishonesty.
Modern Usage:
When someone gets caught in a web of lies or corruption where every attempt to come clean just makes things worse.
Friar Gomita
A real historical figure mentioned by the Navarrese sinner - a corrupt friar from Sardinia who sold pardons and legal favors for money. He represents religious corruption, where even holy men abuse their positions for profit.
Modern Usage:
Televangelists who fleece their congregations, or any religious leader who uses their position to get rich or cover up scandals.
Contrapasso
Dante's principle that punishment should mirror the crime. The grafters are stuck in pitch because their corruption was sticky and trapped others. They hide underwater like they hid their crimes in life.
Modern Usage:
The idea that what goes around comes around - corrupt people eventually get trapped by their own schemes.
Characters in This Chapter
Barbaricchia
Demon commander
He leads the demon squad with military precision but shows the same corruption he's supposed to punish. When his subordinates fight each other, his authority completely breaks down, revealing that even Hell's enforcers can't maintain order.
Modern Equivalent:
The prison warden who's as crooked as the inmates
The Navarrese official
Corrupt politician
A smooth-talking grafter who served King Thibault but turned to embezzlement. Even in Hell, he's still scheming and manipulating, proving that corruption becomes a permanent part of someone's character.
Modern Equivalent:
The city councilman who takes bribes and always has an angle
Graffiacane and Calcabrina
Demon enforcers
These two demons get so angry at being outsmarted by the Navarrese sinner that they turn on each other and fall into the boiling pitch. They show how systems of brutal control eventually turn violent and self-destructive.
Modern Equivalent:
Dirty cops who end up fighting each other when their schemes fall apart
Dante (the pilgrim)
Observer and narrator
He watches this chaos unfold with fascination and horror, learning that even Hell's justice system is corrupt and violent. His heart staggers at what he sees, showing his growing understanding of how deep corruption runs.
Modern Equivalent:
The whistleblower who realizes the whole system is rotten
Key Quotes & Analysis
"Ah fearful company! but in the church with saints, with gluttons at the tavern's mess."
Context: Dante compares traveling with demons to other mismatched situations
This ironic comparison shows how absurd and dangerous his situation is. He's stuck with the very demons who torture sinners, highlighting how he must navigate corrupt systems to reach his goal. It also suggests that sometimes you have to work with unsavory people to get where you need to go.
In Today's Words:
What a crew I'm stuck with! It's like trying to pray with saints while sitting next to drunks at the bar.
"I was with Friar Gomita, he of Sardinia, vessel of every fraud."
Context: The corrupt sinner brags about his connections to other grafters
Even in Hell, this guy is name-dropping and networking with other corrupt officials. It shows how corruption creates its own community where criminals protect and enable each other. The phrase 'vessel of every fraud' suggests someone completely filled with dishonesty.
In Today's Words:
I hung out with Gomita from Sardinia - that guy could run any scam you can think of.
"And I can make seven of my country rise up here, when I whistle, as is our custom when any of us gets out."
Context: The sinner tries to trick the demons by offering to call up more victims
This shows the clever manipulation that got him into trouble in the first place. He's using the demons' greed against them, promising them more victims to torture. It reveals how corrupt people always have another scheme, another deal to offer.
In Today's Words:
I can get seven more guys from my crew to come up here if I whistle - that's how we signal each other when someone surfaces.
Thematic Threads
Corruption
In This Chapter
Public officials boiled in pitch for taking bribes and selling justice, while their demon tormentors prove equally untrustworthy
Development
Evolved from individual sins to systemic breakdown—corruption now infects even the punishment system
In Your Life:
You see this when workplace policies exist on paper but management ignores them when convenient.
Authority
In This Chapter
Demons meant to enforce divine justice behave like savage criminals, complete with crude hierarchy and brutal infighting
Development
Authority figures have progressively lost legitimacy—from misguided to actively harmful
In Your Life:
You experience this when supervisors abuse their power and HR protects the company instead of employees.
Deception
In This Chapter
The Navarrese official tricks his captors by promising to call up more sinners, then escapes back into the pitch
Development
Deception has evolved from self-deception to strategic manipulation of corrupt systems
In Your Life:
You use this when you have to work around broken systems by telling people what they want to hear.
Class
In This Chapter
Named officials from specific regions suffer alongside unnamed masses, showing how corruption crosses social boundaries
Development
Class distinctions persist in Hell but become meaningless when everyone is equally corrupt
In Your Life:
You witness this when wealthy people get different treatment in legal or healthcare systems.
Justice
In This Chapter
The punishment system itself becomes chaotic and self-defeating when demons turn on each other
Development
Justice has devolved from divine order to arbitrary violence that serves no purpose
In Your Life:
You feel this when disciplinary actions at work seem random and unfair, making everyone more cynical.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What happens when the Navarrese official tricks the demons, and how do they react to being outsmarted?
analysis • surface - 2
Why do the demons, who are supposed to enforce punishment, end up fighting each other and falling into their own trap?
analysis • medium - 3
Where have you seen corrupt authority figures turn on each other when their schemes fall apart?
application • medium - 4
When you're in a workplace or system where the people in charge are corrupt, what strategies would you use to protect yourself?
application • deep - 5
What does this scene reveal about what happens to trust and cooperation when everyone assumes everyone else is lying?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map the Corruption Chain
Think of a workplace, organization, or system you know where corruption or unfairness exists. Draw or write out the chain: who has power, how they abuse it, how it affects others, and where the system breaks down. Then identify the early warning signs you would watch for and your exit strategy.
Consider:
- •Look for patterns where small compromises lead to bigger collapses
- •Notice how corrupt systems make everyone suspicious of everyone else
- •Identify who benefits from the chaos and who pays the real price
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you witnessed authority figures who were supposed to protect or serve people instead serving themselves. How did it affect your trust, and what did you learn about navigating such situations?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 23: The Weight of False Virtue
What lies ahead teaches us fear can cloud judgment and create imaginary threats, and shows us the difference between appearing virtuous and being truly good. These patterns appear in literature and life alike.
