An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1294 words)
the little German watering-place to which the Shtcherbatskys had
betaken themselves, as in all places indeed where people are gathered
together, the usual process, as it were, of the crystallization of
society went on, assigning to each member of that society a definite
and unalterable place. Just as the particle of water in frost,
definitely and unalterably, takes the special form of the crystal of
snow, so each new person that arrived at the springs was at once placed
in his special place.
Fürst Shtcherbatsky, sammt Gemahlin und Tochter, by the apartments
they took, and from their name and from the friends they made, were
immediately crystallized into a definite place marked out for them.
There was visiting the watering-place that year a real German Fürstin,
in consequence of which the crystallizing process went on more
vigorously than ever. Princess Shtcherbatskaya wished, above
everything, to present her daughter to this German princess, and the
day after their arrival she duly performed this rite. Kitty made a low
and graceful curtsey in the very simple, that is to say, very elegant
frock that had been ordered her from Paris. The German princess said,
“I hope the roses will soon come back to this pretty little face,” and
for the Shtcherbatskys certain definite lines of existence were at once
laid down from which there was no departing. The Shtcherbatskys made
the acquaintance too of the family of an English Lady Somebody, and of
a German countess and her son, wounded in the last war, and of a
learned Swede, and of M. Canut and his sister. But yet inevitably the
Shtcherbatskys were thrown most into the society of a Moscow lady,
Marya Yevgenyevna Rtishtcheva and her daughter, whom Kitty disliked,
because she had fallen ill, like herself, over a love affair, and a
Moscow colonel, whom Kitty had known from childhood, and always seen in
uniform and epaulets, and who now, with his little eyes and his open
neck and flowered cravat, was uncommonly ridiculous and tedious,
because there was no getting rid of him. When all this was so firmly
established, Kitty began to be very much bored, especially as the
prince went away to Carlsbad and she was left alone with her mother.
She took no interest in the people she knew, feeling that nothing fresh
would come of them. Her chief mental interest in the watering-place
consisted in watching and making theories about the people she did not
know. It was characteristic of Kitty that she always imagined
everything in people in the most favorable light possible, especially
so in those she did not know. And now as she made surmises as to who
people were, what were their relations to one another, and what they
were like, Kitty endowed them with the most marvelous and noble
characters, and found confirmation of her idea in her observations.
Of these people the one that attracted her most was a Russian girl who
had come to the watering-place with an invalid Russian lady, Madame
Stahl, as everyone called her. Madame Stahl belonged to the highest
society, but she was so ill that she could not walk, and only on
exceptionally fine days made her appearance at the springs in an
invalid carriage. But it was not so much from ill-health as from
pride—so Princess Shtcherbatskaya interpreted it—that Madame Stahl had
not made the acquaintance of anyone among the Russians there. The
Russian girl looked after Madame Stahl, and besides that, she was, as
Kitty observed, on friendly terms with all the invalids who were
seriously ill, and there were many of them at the springs, and looked
after them in the most natural way. This Russian girl was not, as Kitty
gathered, related to Madame Stahl, nor was she a paid attendant. Madame
Stahl called her Varenka, and other people called her “Mademoiselle
Varenka.” Apart from the interest Kitty took in this girl’s relations
with Madame Stahl and with other unknown persons, Kitty, as often
happened, felt an inexplicable attraction to Mademoiselle Varenka, and
was aware when their eyes met that she too liked her.
Of Mademoiselle Varenka one would not say that she had passed her first
youth, but she was, as it were, a creature without youth; she might
have been taken for nineteen or for thirty. If her features were
criticized separately, she was handsome rather than plain, in spite of
the sickly hue of her face. She would have been a good figure, too, if
it had not been for her extreme thinness and the size of her head,
which was too large for her medium height. But she was not likely to be
attractive to men. She was like a fine flower, already past its bloom
and without fragrance, though the petals were still unwithered.
Moreover, she would have been unattractive to men also from the lack of
just what Kitty had too much of—of the suppressed fire of vitality, and
the consciousness of her own attractiveness.
She always seemed absorbed in work about which there could be no doubt,
and so it seemed she could not take interest in anything outside it. It
was just this contrast with her own position that was for Kitty the
great attraction of Mademoiselle Varenka. Kitty felt that in her, in
her manner of life, she would find an example of what she was now so
painfully seeking: interest in life, a dignity in life—apart from the
worldly relations of girls with men, which so revolted Kitty, and
appeared to her now as a shameful hawking about of goods in search of a
purchaser. The more attentively Kitty watched her unknown friend, the
more convinced she was this girl was the perfect creature she fancied
her, and the more eagerly she wished to make her acquaintance.
The two girls used to meet several times a day, and every time they
met, Kitty’s eyes said: “Who are you? What are you? Are you really the
exquisite creature I imagine you to be? But for goodness’ sake don’t
suppose,” her eyes added, “that I would force my acquaintance on you, I
simply admire you and like you.” “I like you too, and you’re very, very
sweet. And I should like you better still, if I had time,” answered the
eyes of the unknown girl. Kitty saw indeed, that she was always busy.
Either she was taking the children of a Russian family home from the
springs, or fetching a shawl for a sick lady, and wrapping her up in
it, or trying to interest an irritable invalid, or selecting and buying
cakes for tea for someone.
Soon after the arrival of the Shtcherbatskys there appeared in the
morning crowd at the springs two persons who attracted universal and
unfavorable attention. These were a tall man with a stooping figure,
and huge hands, in an old coat too short for him, with black, simple,
and yet terrible eyes, and a pockmarked, kind-looking woman, very badly
and tastelessly dressed. Recognizing these persons as Russians, Kitty
had already in her imagination begun constructing a delightful and
touching romance about them. But the princess, having ascertained from
the visitors’ list that this was Nikolay Levin and Marya Nikolaevna,
explained to Kitty what a bad man this Levin was, and all her fancies
about these two people vanished. Not so much from what her mother told
her, as from the fact that it was Konstantin’s brother, this pair
suddenly seemed to Kitty intensely unpleasant. This Levin, with his
continual twitching of his head, aroused in her now an irrepressible
feeling of disgust.
It seemed to her that his big, terrible eyes, which persistently
pursued her, expressed a feeling of hatred and contempt, and she tried
to avoid meeting him.
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Let's Analyse the Pattern
Using intense physical work to simultaneously avoid emotional pain and unconsciously process it through the clarity that comes from quieting an overthinking mind.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when intense work serves as both emotional protection and unconscious problem-solving versus pure avoidance.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you throw yourself into tasks during stress—ask yourself if insights are surfacing or if you're just hiding from necessary conversations.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The longer Levin mowed, the more often he felt those moments of unconsciousness in which it seemed not his hands that swung the scythe, but the scythe mowing of itself."
Context: As Levin loses himself in the rhythm of farm work
This describes the meditative state that comes from repetitive physical work - when conscious thought disappears and the body takes over. It's the closest Levin comes to the natural, unthinking wisdom he sees in the peasants.
In Today's Words:
The longer he worked, the more he got into that zone where his body just took over and his mind finally shut up.
"He felt that this old peasant was calling him to a life in which there would be no place for his despair, his doubt, his torment about Kitty."
Context: When Levin observes the natural contentment of his workers
Levin recognizes that the peasants' way of life offers an escape from his educated, analytical mind that creates so much suffering. Their simple acceptance of life seems like a cure for his overthinking.
In Today's Words:
He felt like this old guy was showing him a way to live where he wouldn't have to deal with all this emotional drama and second-guessing himself.
"Work had another meaning for him now - the meaning of purification."
Context: As Levin realizes why he's drawn to physical labor
Physical work becomes almost spiritual for Levin - a way to cleanse himself of emotional pain and mental confusion. This reflects the Russian Orthodox idea that suffering and work can purify the soul.
In Today's Words:
Work meant something different now - it was like therapy, washing away all the bad feelings.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Levin envies the peasants' natural wisdom and contentment, seeing a gap between his educated overthinking and their instinctive understanding of life
Development
Deepens from earlier exploration of class differences to show how education can sometimes complicate rather than clarify life
In Your Life:
You might feel this when someone with less formal education seems happier or more at peace than you are
Identity
In This Chapter
Levin questions everything about his life—his purpose, relationships, and place in the world—while working
Development
His identity crisis intensifies as physical exhaustion strips away his usual mental defenses
In Your Life:
You might experience this during major life transitions when everything you thought you knew about yourself feels uncertain
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
Physical labor becomes a path to self-discovery as Levin finds temporary peace and moments of clarity through honest work
Development
Shows growth can come through action and experience, not just reflection
In Your Life:
You might find your biggest insights come when you're doing something with your hands rather than sitting and thinking
Social Expectations
In This Chapter
Levin struggles with the artificial and complicated nature of his educated world versus the natural rhythms of farm life
Development
Continues his rejection of society's expectations while seeking authentic ways to live
In Your Life:
You might feel this tension between what you're 'supposed' to want and what actually brings you peace
Human Relationships
In This Chapter
His failed proposal to Kitty drives his desperate need for escape, while his connection to the working peasants offers a different kind of human bond
Development
Shows how romantic rejection can lead to seeking different forms of human connection and belonging
In Your Life:
You might find comfort in work relationships or community connections when personal relationships feel complicated or painful
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What does Levin do to cope with his emotional pain after Kitty's rejection, and how does his body respond to this strategy?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does physical farm work provide Levin with temporary peace when his mind can't stop racing about his problems?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people today throwing themselves into work or physical activity when they're dealing with heartbreak, family stress, or major disappointments?
application • medium - 4
When you're overwhelmed by emotions or big decisions, what kind of physical work or activity helps you think more clearly, and how do you know when you're using it as a tool versus hiding from necessary conversations?
application • deep - 5
What does Levin's experience reveal about the difference between thinking your way through problems versus working your way through them?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Productive Escape Patterns
Think of the last time you were dealing with serious stress, disappointment, or emotional pain. Write down what physical activities you turned to during that time - cleaning, exercising, working extra hours, organizing, cooking, etc. Then identify which activities actually helped you process the situation versus which ones just helped you avoid it temporarily.
Consider:
- •Notice whether the activity required your full physical attention or allowed your mind to wander
- •Consider whether insights or clarity came to you during or after these activities
- •Think about whether the activity connected you to other people or isolated you from them
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when physical work or activity helped you work through a difficult decision or emotional situation. What made that particular activity effective for you, and how could you use this knowledge the next time you're struggling?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 65
Levin's attempt to find solace in work leads to an unexpected encounter that will challenge his assumptions about class and wisdom. A conversation with an old peasant opens a door to questions Levin has never thought to ask.




