An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1649 words)
tepan Arkadyevitch, as usual, did not waste his time in Petersburg. In
Petersburg, besides business, his sister’s divorce, and his coveted
appointment, he wanted, as he always did, to freshen himself up, as he
said, after the mustiness of Moscow.
In spite of its cafés chantants and its omnibuses, Moscow was yet a
stagnant bog. Stepan Arkadyevitch always felt it. After living for some
time in Moscow, especially in close relations with his family, he was
conscious of a depression of spirits. After being a long time in Moscow
without a change, he reached a point when he positively began to be
worrying himself over his wife’s ill-humor and reproaches, over his
children’s health and education, and the petty details of his official
work; even the fact of being in debt worried him. But he had only to go
and stay a little while in Petersburg, in the circle there in which he
moved, where people lived—really lived—instead of vegetating as in
Moscow, and all such ideas vanished and melted away at once, like wax
before the fire. His wife?... Only that day he had been talking to
Prince Tchetchensky. Prince Tchetchensky had a wife and family,
grown-up pages in the corps, ... and he had another illegitimate family
of children also. Though the first family was very nice too, Prince
Tchetchensky felt happier in his second family; and he used to take his
eldest son with him to his second family, and told Stepan Arkadyevitch
that he thought it good for his son, enlarging his ideas. What would
have been said to that in Moscow?
His children? In Petersburg children did not prevent their parents from
enjoying life. The children were brought up in schools, and there was
no trace of the wild idea that prevailed in Moscow, in Lvov’s
household, for instance, that all the luxuries of life were for the
children, while the parents have nothing but work and anxiety. Here
people understood that a man is in duty bound to live for himself, as
every man of culture should live.
His official duties? Official work here was not the stiff, hopeless
drudgery that it was in Moscow. Here there was some interest in
official life. A chance meeting, a service rendered, a happy phrase, a
knack of facetious mimicry, and a man’s career might be made in a
trice. So it had been with Bryantsev, whom Stepan Arkadyevitch had met
the previous day, and who was one of the highest functionaries in
government now. There was some interest in official work like that.
The Petersburg attitude on pecuniary matters had an especially soothing
effect on Stepan Arkadyevitch. Bartnyansky, who must spend at least
fifty thousand to judge by the style he lived in, had made an
interesting comment the day before on that subject.
As they were talking before dinner, Stepan Arkadyevitch said to
Bartnyansky:
“You’re friendly, I fancy, with Mordvinsky; you might do me a favor:
say a word to him, please, for me. There’s an appointment I should like
to get—secretary of the agency....”
“Oh, I shan’t remember all that, if you tell it to me.... But what
possesses you to have to do with railways and Jews?... Take it as you
will, it’s a low business.”
Stepan Arkadyevitch did not say to Bartnyansky that it was a “growing
thing”—Bartnyansky would not have understood that.
“I want the money, I’ve nothing to live on.”
“You’re living, aren’t you?”
“Yes, but in debt.”
“Are you, though? Heavily?” said Bartnyansky sympathetically.
“Very heavily: twenty thousand.”
Bartnyansky broke into good-humored laughter.
“Oh, lucky fellow!” said he. “My debts mount up to a million and a
half, and I’ve nothing, and still I can live, as you see!”
And Stepan Arkadyevitch saw the correctness of this view not in words
only but in actual fact. Zhivahov owed three hundred thousand, and
hadn’t a farthing to bless himself with, and he lived, and in style
too! Count Krivtsov was considered a hopeless case by everyone, and yet
he kept two mistresses. Petrovsky had run through five millions, and
still lived in just the same style, and was even a manager in the
financial department with a salary of twenty thousand. But besides
this, Petersburg had physically an agreeable effect on Stepan
Arkadyevitch. It made him younger. In Moscow he sometimes found a gray
hair in his head, dropped asleep after dinner, stretched, walked slowly
upstairs, breathing heavily, was bored by the society of young women,
and did not dance at balls. In Petersburg he always felt ten years
younger.
His experience in Petersburg was exactly what had been described to him
on the previous day by Prince Pyotr Oblonsky, a man of sixty, who had
just come back from abroad:
“We don’t know the way to live here,” said Pyotr Oblonsky. “I spent the
summer in Baden, and you wouldn’t believe it, I felt quite a young man.
At a glimpse of a pretty woman, my thoughts.... One dines and drinks a
glass of wine, and feels strong and ready for anything. I came home to
Russia—had to see my wife, and, what’s more, go to my country place;
and there, you’d hardly believe it, in a fortnight I’d got into a
dressing gown and given up dressing for dinner. Needn’t say I had no
thoughts left for pretty women. I became quite an old gentleman. There
was nothing left for me but to think of my eternal salvation. I went
off to Paris—I was as right as could be at once.”
Stepan Arkadyevitch felt exactly the difference that Pyotr Oblonsky
described. In Moscow he degenerated so much that if he had had to be
there for long together, he might in good earnest have come to
considering his salvation; in Petersburg he felt himself a man of the
world again.
Between Princess Betsy Tverskaya and Stepan Arkadyevitch there had long
existed rather curious relations. Stepan Arkadyevitch always flirted
with her in jest, and used to say to her, also in jest, the most
unseemly things, knowing that nothing delighted her so much. The day
after his conversation with Karenin, Stepan Arkadyevitch went to see
her, and felt so youthful that in this jesting flirtation and nonsense
he recklessly went so far that he did not know how to extricate
himself, as unluckily he was so far from being attracted by her that he
thought her positively disagreeable. What made it hard to change the
conversation was the fact that he was very attractive to her. So that
he was considerably relieved at the arrival of Princess Myakaya, which
cut short their tête-à-tête.
“Ah, so you’re here!” said she when she saw him. “Well, and what news
of your poor sister? You needn’t look at me like that,” she added.
“Ever since they’ve all turned against her, all those who’re a thousand
times worse than she, I’ve thought she did a very fine thing. I can’t
forgive Vronsky for not letting me know when she was in Petersburg. I’d
have gone to see her and gone about with her everywhere. Please give
her my love. Come, tell me about her.”
“Yes, her position is very difficult; she....” began Stepan
Arkadyevitch, in the simplicity of his heart accepting as sterling coin
Princess Myakaya’s words “tell me about her.” Princess Myakaya
interrupted him immediately, as she always did, and began talking
herself.
“She’s done what they all do, except me—only they hide it. But she
wouldn’t be deceitful, and she did a fine thing. And she did better
still in throwing up that crazy brother-in-law of yours. You must
excuse me. Everybody used to say he was so clever, so very clever; I
was the only one that said he was a fool. Now that he’s so thick with
Lidia Ivanovna and Landau, they all say he’s crazy, and I should prefer
not to agree with everybody, but this time I can’t help it.”
“Oh, do please explain,” said Stepan Arkadyevitch; “what does it mean?
Yesterday I was seeing him on my sister’s behalf, and I asked him to
give me a final answer. He gave me no answer, and said he would think
it over. But this morning, instead of an answer, I received an
invitation from Countess Lidia Ivanovna for this evening.”
“Ah, so that’s it, that’s it!” said Princess Myakaya gleefully,
“they’re going to ask Landau what he’s to say.”
“Ask Landau? What for? Who or what’s Landau?”
“What! you don’t know Jules Landau, le fameux Jules Landau, le
clairvoyant? He’s crazy too, but on him your sister’s fate depends.
See what comes of living in the provinces—you know nothing about
anything. Landau, do you see, was a commis in a shop in Paris, and he
went to a doctor’s; and in the doctor’s waiting room he fell asleep,
and in his sleep he began giving advice to all the patients. And
wonderful advice it was! Then the wife of Yury Meledinsky—you know, the
invalid?—heard of this Landau, and had him to see her husband. And he
cured her husband, though I can’t say that I see he did him much good,
for he’s just as feeble a creature as ever he was, but they believed in
him, and took him along with them and brought him to Russia. Here
there’s been a general rush to him, and he’s begun doctoring everyone.
He cured Countess Bezzubova, and she took such a fancy to him that she
adopted him.”
“Adopted him?”
“Yes, as her son. He’s not Landau any more now, but Count Bezzubov.
That’s neither here nor there, though; but Lidia—I’m very fond of her,
but she has a screw loose somewhere—has lost her heart to this Landau
now, and nothing is settled now in her house or Alexey Alexandrovitch’s
without him, and so your sister’s fate is now in the hands of Landau,
alias Count Bezzubov.”
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Let's Analyse the Pattern
Using legitimate work and activity to escape from deeper emotional or existential questions that need to be faced.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to distinguish between genuine productivity and using work to escape difficult decisions.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you suddenly feel compelled to clean, work late, or take on extra tasks—ask yourself what uncomfortable feeling or decision you might be avoiding.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The longer Levin mowed, the more often he felt those moments of unconsciousness in which it seemed not his hands that swung the scythe, but the scythe mowing of itself."
Context: As Levin loses himself in the rhythm of farm work
This describes the meditative state that comes from repetitive physical work - when your body takes over and your mind goes quiet. It's the closest Levin gets to peace from his existential torment.
In Today's Words:
When you're so focused on physical work that you stop overthinking and just flow with it.
"Work was the one thing that saved him, and he threw himself into it with desperate energy."
Context: Describing Levin's motivation for the intense physical labor
Shows how Levin is using work as a drug to numb his spiritual pain. The word 'desperate' reveals this isn't healthy coping but frantic avoidance of his deeper problems.
In Today's Words:
He worked himself to exhaustion because it was the only thing that stopped him from falling apart.
"But still the terrible question remained: What for? Why?"
Context: Even after hours of exhausting work, his existential questions return
No amount of honest work can answer the fundamental questions about life's meaning. This shows that external activity can't solve internal spiritual crises - you can't outrun your own mind.
In Today's Words:
Even when he worked himself to death, he still couldn't stop asking 'What's the point of any of this?'
Thematic Threads
Existential Crisis
In This Chapter
Levin desperately tries to escape thoughts of death and meaninglessness through backbreaking physical labor
Development
Deepening from earlier spiritual questioning into full crisis requiring active avoidance
In Your Life:
You might recognize this when you find yourself staying busy to avoid thinking about big life questions that scare you.
Class
In This Chapter
Levin works alongside peasants, earning their respect through shared physical labor rather than social position
Development
Evolution from class anxiety to finding authentic connection through honest work
In Your Life:
You see this when you gain more respect from colleagues through rolling up your sleeves than from your job title.
Escape
In This Chapter
Physical exhaustion becomes Levin's preferred method of quieting his tormented mind
Development
New manifestation of his ongoing struggle to find peace and meaning
In Your Life:
You might use exercise, work, or other activities to avoid dealing with difficult emotions or decisions.
Authenticity
In This Chapter
Levin finds brief moments of genuine peace when his body takes over and his overthinking mind goes quiet
Development
Glimpses of the authentic self he's been seeking throughout his journey
In Your Life:
You experience this during activities that fully absorb you and quiet your inner critic or anxiety.
Mortality
In This Chapter
Questions about death and the temporary nature of all effort plague Levin even during intense physical work
Development
The death theme has evolved from abstract fear to concrete daily torment
In Your Life:
You face this when wondering whether your daily efforts matter in the face of life's uncertainty and brevity.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
Why does Levin throw himself into physical labor, and what is he hoping it will accomplish?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does physical exhaustion provide only temporary relief from Levin's existential questions?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people today using busyness or work to avoid dealing with deeper problems?
application • medium - 4
How can someone tell the difference between productive work and productive avoidance in their own life?
application • deep - 5
What does Levin's struggle reveal about the relationship between physical activity and mental peace?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Avoidance Patterns
Think about the last month of your life. Write down the times you felt most busy or overwhelmed. For each instance, ask yourself what difficult thought or conversation you might have been avoiding. Look for patterns in when you add extra work or activities to your schedule.
Consider:
- •Notice the difference between chosen productivity and escape productivity
- •Pay attention to timing - when do you get busiest emotionally?
- •Consider what specific fears or questions you might be running from
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you used work or busyness to avoid dealing with something important. What were you afraid would happen if you slowed down and faced it directly?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 210
An unexpected conversation with one of his peasants will offer Levin a completely different way of looking at his spiritual crisis. Sometimes wisdom comes from the most surprising sources.




