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Anna Karenina - Chapter 159

Leo Tolstoy

Anna Karenina

Chapter 159

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Chapter 159

Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy

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The ladies gather on the terrace after dinner for sewing, knitting baby clothes, and making jam. But there's drama: Kitty has introduced a new method of jam-making without water, which offends Agafea Mihalovna, the longtime housekeeper who insists water is necessary. She's been caught secretly adding water and now must prove the new method works. She stands at the stove, "face heated and angry," devoutly hoping the jam will fail. The princess tries to appear uninterested while casting stealthy glances at the stove, knowing Agafea Mihalovna's wrath is directed at her. They discuss servants' gifts while Dolly skims the jam, remembering how as a child she wondered why adults didn't eat "what was best of all—the scum of the jam." Then the real topic emerges. Kitty switches to French so Agafea Mihalovna won't understand: "You know, mamma, I somehow expect things to be settled today"—meaning Sergey Ivanovitch's expected proposal to Varenka in the woods. The ladies analyze the match enthusiastically. "He needs a good, sweet wife—a restful one," Kitty says. "With her he would certainly be restful," Dolly agrees. Kitty declares: "I fancy he will make her an offer today." The conversation shifts to courtship memories. Kitty asks how her father proposed. "It was settled by the eyes, by smiles," her mother says. Kitty remembers Levin's proposal written in chalk: "It was wonderful.... How long ago it seems!" Then Kitty mentions Varenka's "old love affair," worrying that men are "awfully jealous over our past." This leads to awkward mentions of Vronsky and Anna. The princess, bitter that Kitty didn't marry Vronsky, calls Anna "horrid, repulsive woman—no heart." Levin arrives, interrupting. "I'm sorry I've broken in on your feminine parliament," he says, perceiving they'd been discussing something private. For a moment he shares Agafea Mihalovna's vexation at "the outside Shtcherbatsky element." But he smiles and asks about Kitty's health. Agafea Mihalovna, still grumpy about the jam, softens when she sees them together: "I need only to look at you with him, and I feel happy."

Coming Up in Chapter 160

In the woods, Sergey Ivanovitch approaches the moment everyone expects: his proposal to Varenka. But will he actually ask?

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1899 words)

O

n the terrace were assembled all the ladies of the party. They always
liked sitting there after dinner, and that day they had work to do
there too. Besides the sewing and knitting of baby clothes, with which
all of them were busy, that afternoon jam was being made on the terrace
by a method new to Agafea Mihalovna, without the addition of water.
Kitty had introduced this new method, which had been in use in her
home. Agafea Mihalovna, to whom the task of jam-making had always been
intrusted, considering that what had been done in the Levin household
could not be amiss, had nevertheless put water with the strawberries,
maintaining that the jam could not be made without it. She had been
caught in the act, and was now making jam before everyone, and it was
to be proved to her conclusively that jam could be very well made
without water.

Agafea Mihalovna, her face heated and angry, her hair untidy, and her
thin arms bare to the elbows, was turning the preserving-pan over the
charcoal stove, looking darkly at the raspberries and devoutly hoping
they would stick and not cook properly. The princess, conscious that
Agafea Mihalovna’s wrath must be chiefly directed against her, as the
person responsible for the raspberry jam-making, tried to appear to be
absorbed in other things and not interested in the jam, talked of other
matters, but cast stealthy glances in the direction of the stove.

“I always buy my maids’ dresses myself, of some cheap material,” the
princess said, continuing the previous conversation. “Isn’t it time to
skim it, my dear?” she added, addressing Agafea Mihalovna. “There’s not
the slightest need for you to do it, and it’s hot for you,” she said,
stopping Kitty.

“I’ll do it,” said Dolly, and getting up, she carefully passed the
spoon over the frothing sugar, and from time to time shook off the
clinging jam from the spoon by knocking it on a plate that was covered
with yellow-red scum and blood-colored syrup. “How they’ll enjoy this
at tea-time!” she thought of her children, remembering how she herself
as a child had wondered how it was the grown-up people did not eat what
was best of all—the scum of the jam.

“Stiva says it’s much better to give money.” Dolly took up meanwhile
the weighty subject under discussion, what presents should be made to
servants. “But....”

“Money’s out of the question!” the princess and Kitty exclaimed with
one voice. “They appreciate a present....”

“Well, last year, for instance, I bought our Matrona Semyenovna, not a
poplin, but something of that sort,” said the princess.

“I remember she was wearing it on your nameday.”

“A charming pattern—so simple and refined,—I should have liked it
myself, if she hadn’t had it. Something like Varenka’s. So pretty and
inexpensive.”

“Well, now I think it’s done,” said Dolly, dropping the syrup from the
spoon.

“When it sets as it drops, it’s ready. Cook it a little longer, Agafea
Mihalovna.”

“The flies!” said Agafea Mihalovna angrily. “It’ll be just the same,”
she added.

“Ah! how sweet it is! don’t frighten it!” Kitty said suddenly, looking
at a sparrow that had settled on the step and was pecking at the center
of a raspberry.

“Yes, but you keep a little further from the stove,” said her mother.

“À propos de Varenka,” said Kitty, speaking in French, as they had
been doing all the while, so that Agafea Mihalovna should not
understand them, “you know, mamma, I somehow expect things to be
settled today. You know what I mean. How splendid it would be!”

“But what a famous matchmaker she is!” said Dolly. “How carefully and
cleverly she throws them together!...”

“No; tell me, mamma, what do you think?”

“Why, what is one to think? He” (he meant Sergey Ivanovitch) “might
at any time have been a match for anyone in Russia; now, of course,
he’s not quite a young man, still I know ever so many girls would be
glad to marry him even now.... She’s a very nice girl, but he
might....”

“Oh, no, mamma, do understand why, for him and for her too, nothing
better could be imagined. In the first place, she’s charming!” said
Kitty, crooking one of her fingers.

“He thinks her very attractive, that’s certain,” assented Dolly.

“Then he occupies such a position in society that he has no need to
look for either fortune or position in his wife. All he needs is a
good, sweet wife—a restful one.”

“Well, with her he would certainly be restful,” Dolly assented.

“Thirdly, that she should love him. And so it is ... that is, it would
be so splendid!... I look forward to seeing them coming out of the
forest—and everything settled. I shall see at once by their eyes. I
should be so delighted! What do you think, Dolly?”

“But don’t excite yourself. It’s not at all the thing for you to be
excited,” said her mother.

“Oh, I’m not excited, mamma. I fancy he will make her an offer today.”

“Ah, that’s so strange, how and when a man makes an offer!... There is
a sort of barrier, and all at once it’s broken down,” said Dolly,
smiling pensively and recalling her past with Stepan Arkadyevitch.

“Mamma, how did papa make you an offer?” Kitty asked suddenly.

“There was nothing out of the way, it was very simple,” answered the
princess, but her face beamed all over at the recollection.

“Oh, but how was it? You loved him, anyway, before you were allowed to
speak?”

Kitty felt a peculiar pleasure in being able now to talk to her mother
on equal terms about those questions of such paramount interest in a
woman’s life.

“Of course I did; he had come to stay with us in the country.”

“But how was it settled between you, mamma?”

“You imagine, I dare say, that you invented something quite new? It’s
always just the same: it was settled by the eyes, by smiles....”

“How nicely you said that, mamma! It’s just by the eyes, by smiles that
it’s done,” Dolly assented.

“But what words did he say?”

“What did Kostya say to you?”

“He wrote it in chalk. It was wonderful.... How long ago it seems!” she
said.

And the three women all fell to musing on the same thing. Kitty was the
first to break the silence. She remembered all that last winter before
her marriage, and her passion for Vronsky.

“There’s one thing ... that old love affair of Varenka’s,” she said, a
natural chain of ideas bringing her to this point. “I should have liked
to say something to Sergey Ivanovitch, to prepare him. They’re all—all
men, I mean,” she added, “awfully jealous over our past.”

“Not all,” said Dolly. “You judge by your own husband. It makes him
miserable even now to remember Vronsky. Eh? that’s true, isn’t it?”

“Yes,” Kitty answered, a pensive smile in her eyes.

“But I really don’t know,” the mother put in in defense of her motherly
care of her daughter, “what there was in your past that could worry
him? That Vronsky paid you attentions—that happens to every girl.”

“Oh, yes, but we didn’t mean that,” Kitty said, flushing a little.

“No, let me speak,” her mother went on, “why, you yourself would not
let me have a talk to Vronsky. Don’t you remember?”

“Oh, mamma!” said Kitty, with an expression of suffering.

“There’s no keeping you young people in check nowadays.... Your
friendship could not have gone beyond what was suitable. I should
myself have called upon him to explain himself. But, my darling, it’s
not right for you to be agitated. Please remember that, and calm
yourself.”

“I’m perfectly calm, maman.”

“How happy it was for Kitty that Anna came then,” said Dolly, “and how
unhappy for her. It turned out quite the opposite,” she said, struck by
her own ideas. “Then Anna was so happy, and Kitty thought herself
unhappy. Now it is just the opposite. I often think of her.”

“A nice person to think about! Horrid, repulsive woman—no heart,” said
her mother, who could not forget that Kitty had married not Vronsky,
but Levin.

“What do you want to talk of it for?” Kitty said with annoyance. “I
never think about it, and I don’t want to think of it.... And I don’t
want to think of it,” she said, catching the sound of her husband’s
well-known step on the steps of the terrace.

“What’s that you don’t want to think about?” inquired Levin, coming
onto the terrace.

But no one answered him, and he did not repeat the question.

“I’m sorry I’ve broken in on your feminine parliament,” he said,
looking round on everyone discontentedly, and perceiving that they had
been talking of something which they would not talk about before him.

For a second he felt that he was sharing the feeling of Agafea
Mihalovna, vexation at their making jam without water, and altogether
at the outside Shtcherbatsky element. He smiled, however, and went up
to Kitty.

“Well, how are you?” he asked her, looking at her with the expression
with which everyone looked at her now.

“Oh, very well,” said Kitty, smiling, “and how have things gone with
you?”

“The wagons held three times as much as the old carts did. Well, are we
going for the children? I’ve ordered the horses to be put in.”

“What! you want to take Kitty in the wagonette?” her mother said
reproachfully.

“Yes, at a walking pace, princess.”

Levin never called the princess “maman” as men often do call their
mothers-in-law, and the princess disliked his not doing so. But though
he liked and respected the princess, Levin could not call her so
without a sense of profaning his feeling for his dead mother.

“Come with us, maman,” said Kitty.

“I don’t like to see such imprudence.”

“Well, I’ll walk then, I’m so well.” Kitty got up and went to her
husband and took his hand.

“You may be well, but everything in moderation,” said the princess.

“Well, Agafea Mihalovna, is the jam done?” said Levin, smiling to
Agafea Mihalovna, and trying to cheer her up. “Is it all right in the
new way?”

“I suppose it’s all right. For our notions it’s boiled too long.”

“It’ll be all the better, Agafea Mihalovna, it won’t mildew, even
though our ice has begun to thaw already, so that we’ve no cool cellar
to store it,” said Kitty, at once divining her husband’s motive, and
addressing the old housekeeper with the same feeling; “but your
pickle’s so good, that mamma says she never tasted any like it,” she
added, smiling, and putting her kerchief straight.

Agafea Mihalovna looked angrily at Kitty.

“You needn’t try to console me, mistress. I need only to look at you
with him, and I feel happy,” she said, and something in the rough
familiarity of that with him touched Kitty.

“Come along with us to look for mushrooms, you will show us the best
places.” Agafea Mihalovna smiled and shook her head, as though to say:
“I should like to be angry with you too, but I can’t.”

“Do it, please, by my receipt,” said the princess; “put some paper over
the jam, and moisten it with a little rum, and without even ice, it
will never go mildewy.”

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Escape Trap

The Escape Trap - When Action Becomes Avoidance

When pain becomes unbearable, we instinctively seek escape through action. Levin throws himself into backbreaking labor, believing physical exhaustion will silence his mental torment. This reveals a fundamental human pattern: the escape trap, where we mistake motion for progress and busyness for healing. The mechanism is seductive. Physical activity floods our system with endorphins and demands present-moment attention, temporarily drowning out psychological pain. The harder we work, the quieter our thoughts become. But this relief is borrowed time—the moment we stop moving, our unresolved issues crash back with compound interest. We haven't processed anything; we've just postponed it. This pattern dominates modern life. The nurse who picks up extra shifts to avoid thinking about her failing marriage. The construction worker who exhausts himself on weekends with home projects rather than face his grief over his father's death. The single mom who fills every free moment with activities for her kids, never sitting still long enough to process her own loneliness. The executive who schedules back-to-back meetings to avoid confronting his career dissatisfaction. Recognizing the escape trap means asking: 'Am I working toward something or away from something?' Healthy action moves you forward; escape action just burns energy. When you catch yourself in frantic motion, pause and name what you're avoiding. Set a timer for ten minutes and sit with the uncomfortable feeling. Write it down. Call someone you trust. The goal isn't to eliminate action—it's to ensure your energy serves your healing, not your avoidance. When you can name the pattern, predict where it leads, and navigate it successfully—that's amplified intelligence.

Using intense activity to avoid processing painful emotions, which provides temporary relief but prevents actual healing.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Distinguishing Motion from Progress

This chapter teaches how to recognize when intense activity is actually avoidance in disguise rather than meaningful forward movement.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you suddenly get 'busy' after receiving difficult news or having a hard conversation—ask yourself if you're moving toward a solution or away from a feeling.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"The longer Levin went on mowing, the oftener he experienced those moments of oblivion when his arms no longer seemed to swing the scythe, but the scythe itself his whole body, so conscious and full of life."

— Narrator

Context: As Levin loses himself in the rhythm of mowing hay with the peasants

This describes the meditative state where physical activity completely absorbs mental energy. Levin finds temporary peace when his body takes over and his mind stops racing. It's a form of moving meditation that provides relief from his existential crisis.

In Today's Words:

The longer he worked, the more he got into the zone where he wasn't thinking about anything - just pure flow state.

"He felt himself and did not want to be anyone else."

— Narrator

Context: During one of Levin's moments of pure absorption in the physical work

This captures the rare moment when Levin's self-doubt and comparison to others disappears. Physical exhaustion has temporarily quieted his mental torment and given him a brief sense of being enough as he is. It's what he's desperately seeking - acceptance of himself.

In Today's Words:

For once, he wasn't comparing himself to anyone or wishing he was different - he just was.

"But as soon as he began to think, immediately the old questions came back: where am I going, and why?"

— Narrator

Context: When Levin stops working and his mind starts racing again

This shows the limitation of using physical activity to escape existential questions. The moment his body stops being fully engaged, his anxious thoughts return with full force. It reveals that he hasn't actually solved his problems, just temporarily masked them.

In Today's Words:

But the second he stopped moving, all the same old worries came flooding back: What am I doing with my life?

Thematic Threads

Class

In This Chapter

Levin romanticizes peasant labor as more authentic than his privileged intellectual life

Development

Deepening exploration of how class shapes perception of meaningful work

In Your Life:

You might idealize other people's 'simpler' problems while avoiding your own complex ones

Identity

In This Chapter

Levin tries to escape his tortured intellectual self by becoming a laborer

Development

Continued struggle with who he truly is versus who he thinks he should be

In Your Life:

You might try to solve identity crises by temporarily adopting someone else's lifestyle

Personal Growth

In This Chapter

Physical labor provides temporary peace but doesn't resolve underlying emotional turmoil

Development

Growing understanding that growth requires facing pain, not escaping it

In Your Life:

You might mistake staying busy for making progress on your real problems

Human Relationships

In This Chapter

Rejection from Kitty drives Levin to seek solace in connection with peasants rather than processing his feelings

Development

Exploring how romantic disappointment affects other relationships

In Your Life:

You might seek comfort in surface-level connections when deeper relationships cause pain

Social Expectations

In This Chapter

Levin rebels against his expected role as landowner by working as common laborer

Development

Continuing theme of characters struggling against prescribed social roles

In Your Life:

You might dramatically reject expectations rather than thoughtfully choosing your own path

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    What specific activities does Levin use to try to escape his emotional pain, and what happens when he stops working?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    Why does physical labor provide temporary relief from Levin's mental suffering, but fail to solve his underlying problems?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Where do you see people today using busyness or intense activity to avoid dealing with difficult emotions or situations?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    How can someone tell the difference between healthy productive activity and using work as emotional avoidance?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does Levin's experience reveal about the relationship between physical exhaustion and mental peace, and why this strategy ultimately fails?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Track Your Escape Patterns

Think of a recent stressful period in your life. Make two lists: activities you threw yourself into during that time, and the underlying issues you were avoiding. Next to each activity, note whether it actually helped solve the problem or just postponed dealing with it. This exercise helps you recognize when motion becomes a substitute for progress.

Consider:

  • •Consider both work activities and personal projects you suddenly felt urgent about
  • •Notice if you felt restless or anxious when you had to stop these activities
  • •Think about whether these activities moved you toward solutions or just burned energy

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you used intense activity to avoid facing something difficult. What were you really trying not to think about, and what happened when you finally had to slow down?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 160

In the woods, Sergey Ivanovitch approaches the moment everyone expects: his proposal to Varenka. But will he actually ask?

Continue to Chapter 160
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Chapter 160

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