An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 952 words)
appy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its
own way.
Everything was in confusion in the Oblonskys’ house. The wife had
discovered that the husband was carrying on an intrigue with a French
girl, who had been a governess in their family, and she had announced
to her husband that she could not go on living in the same house with
him. This position of affairs had now lasted three days, and not only
the husband and wife themselves, but all the members of their family
and household, were painfully conscious of it. Every person in the
house felt that there was no sense in their living together, and that
the stray people brought together by chance in any inn had more in
common with one another than they, the members of the family and
household of the Oblonskys. The wife did not leave her own room, the
husband had not been at home for three days. The children ran wild all
over the house; the English governess quarreled with the housekeeper,
and wrote to a friend asking her to look out for a new situation for
her; the man-cook had walked off the day before just at dinner time;
the kitchen-maid, and the coachman had given warning.
Three days after the quarrel, Prince Stepan Arkadyevitch
Oblonsky—Stiva, as he was called in the fashionable world—woke up at
his usual hour, that is, at eight o’clock in the morning, not in his
wife’s bedroom, but on the leather-covered sofa in his study. He turned
over his stout, well-cared-for person on the springy sofa, as though he
would sink into a long sleep again; he vigorously embraced the pillow
on the other side and buried his face in it; but all at once he jumped
up, sat up on the sofa, and opened his eyes.
“Yes, yes, how was it now?” he thought, going over his dream. “Now, how
was it? To be sure! Alabin was giving a dinner at Darmstadt; no, not
Darmstadt, but something American. Yes, but then, Darmstadt was in
America. Yes, Alabin was giving a dinner on glass tables, and the
tables sang, Il mio tesoro—not Il mio tesoro though, but something
better, and there were some sort of little decanters on the table, and
they were women, too,” he remembered.
Stepan Arkadyevitch’s eyes twinkled gaily, and he pondered with a
smile. “Yes, it was nice, very nice. There was a great deal more that
was delightful, only there’s no putting it into words, or even
expressing it in one’s thoughts awake.” And noticing a gleam of light
peeping in beside one of the serge curtains, he cheerfully dropped his
feet over the edge of the sofa, and felt about with them for his
slippers, a present on his last birthday, worked for him by his wife on
gold-colored morocco. And, as he had done every day for the last nine
years, he stretched out his hand, without getting up, towards the place
where his dressing-gown always hung in his bedroom. And thereupon he
suddenly remembered that he was not sleeping in his wife’s room, but in
his study, and why: the smile vanished from his face, he knitted his
brows.
“Ah, ah, ah! Oo!...” he muttered, recalling everything that had
happened. And again every detail of his quarrel with his wife was
present to his imagination, all the hopelessness of his position, and
worst of all, his own fault.
“Yes, she won’t forgive me, and she can’t forgive me. And the most
awful thing about it is that it’s all my fault—all my fault, though I’m
not to blame. That’s the point of the whole situation,” he reflected.
“Oh, oh, oh!” he kept repeating in despair, as he remembered the
acutely painful sensations caused him by this quarrel.
Most unpleasant of all was the first minute when, on coming, happy and
good-humored, from the theater, with a huge pear in his hand for his
wife, he had not found his wife in the drawing-room, to his surprise
had not found her in the study either, and saw her at last in her
bedroom with the unlucky letter that revealed everything in her hand.
She, his Dolly, forever fussing and worrying over household details,
and limited in her ideas, as he considered, was sitting perfectly still
with the letter in her hand, looking at him with an expression of
horror, despair, and indignation.
“What’s this? this?” she asked, pointing to the letter.
And at this recollection, Stepan Arkadyevitch, as is so often the case,
was not so much annoyed at the fact itself as at the way in which he
had met his wife’s words.
There happened to him at that instant what does happen to people when
they are unexpectedly caught in something very disgraceful. He did not
succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed
towards his wife by the discovery of his fault. Instead of being hurt,
denying, defending himself, begging forgiveness, instead of remaining
indifferent even—anything would have been better than what he did
do—his face utterly involuntarily (reflex spinal action, reflected
Stepan Arkadyevitch, who was fond of physiology)—utterly involuntarily
assumed its habitual, good-humored, and therefore idiotic smile.
This idiotic smile he could not forgive himself. Catching sight of that
smile, Dolly shuddered as though at physical pain, broke out with her
characteristic heat into a flood of cruel words, and rushed out of the
room. Since then she had refused to see her husband.
“It’s that idiotic smile that’s to blame for it all,” thought Stepan
Arkadyevitch.
“But what’s to be done? What’s to be done?” he said to himself in
despair, and found no answer.
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Let's Analyse the Pattern
When someone in a position of trust prioritizes immediate pleasure over responsibility, the resulting chaos spreads through everyone who depends on them.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to identify when someone in authority is creating chaos that others must absorb.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when someone's personal problems start affecting your work environment—watch how the instability spreads and who gets stuck cleaning up the mess.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"All happy families are alike; each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way."
Context: The famous opening line that sets up the entire novel's exploration of family dysfunction
This line suggests that happiness follows predictable patterns - love, respect, stability - while misery comes in countless varieties. Tolstoy is preparing us to examine the specific ways this family has fallen apart.
In Today's Words:
Healthy families all do the same basic things right, but every messed-up family is messed up differently
"Stepan Arkadyich could not think of his wife without remorse."
Context: As Stiva wakes up and reality starts to penetrate his pleasant dreams
Despite his selfish behavior, Stiva isn't completely heartless - he knows he's hurt Dolly. But his remorse is shallow and self-focused rather than leading to real change or accountability.
In Today's Words:
He felt bad about what he'd done to his wife, but not bad enough to actually do anything about it
"He could not believe that he, a handsome, susceptible man of thirty-four, was not in love with his wife, the mother of five living and two dead children."
Context: Stiva trying to rationalize his affair and his feelings
This reveals Stiva's fundamental selfishness - he thinks his attractiveness entitles him to passion, and he can't understand why marriage and responsibility should limit his desires. He sees his wife as a role rather than a person.
In Today's Words:
He couldn't understand why being married to someone who'd had his kids should stop him from wanting excitement with other women
Thematic Threads
Responsibility
In This Chapter
Stiva's betrayal creates household chaos affecting servants, wife, and children
Development
Introduced here
In Your Life:
When you're in charge at work or home, your personal problems become everyone else's work problems.
Class
In This Chapter
Servants must navigate their employers' personal drama to keep their jobs
Development
Introduced here
In Your Life:
Your job security often depends on your boss's personal stability, whether that's fair or not.
Consequences
In This Chapter
Stiva enjoys pleasant dreams while his family deals with the fallout of his actions
Development
Introduced here
In Your Life:
Some people create messes they never have to clean up because others always step in to handle the damage.
Social Expectations
In This Chapter
The household structure breaks down when the head of family violates marriage norms
Development
Introduced here
In Your Life:
When someone breaks the unspoken rules everyone was counting on, it leaves everyone else scrambling to figure out what's expected now.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
Why are the servants confused about what to do in the Oblonsky house, and what does this tell us about how one person's actions affect everyone around them?
analysis • surface - 2
Stiva wakes up thinking about pleasant dinner parties while his wife won't speak to him. What does this contrast reveal about how some people handle the consequences of their actions?
analysis • medium - 3
Think about workplaces, families, or friend groups you know. Where have you seen one person's irresponsible behavior create chaos for everyone else who depends on them?
application • medium - 4
If you were Dolly's friend or one of the confused servants, how would you protect your own stability while this family drama plays out around you?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter suggest about the difference between people who take responsibility for their impact on others versus those who expect others to clean up their messes?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map the Ripple Effects
Draw or list all the people affected by Stiva's affair in this chapter - from his wife to the servants to the children. Next to each person, write how his actions specifically impact their daily life. Then think of a real situation where one person's irresponsible behavior created problems for multiple others. Map out those ripple effects too.
Consider:
- •Notice how the person causing the problem is often the most insulated from its effects
- •Pay attention to who has to work harder or feel more stress because of someone else's choices
- •Consider how people in support roles (like servants, assistants, or family members) often bear the hidden costs
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when someone else's irresponsible behavior created chaos in your life. How did you handle it? What would you do differently now that you can recognize this pattern?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 2
Stiva tries to figure out how to fix things with Dolly, but his approach reveals just how little he understands about the damage he's done. Meanwhile, we're about to meet someone whose arrival will change everything for this family.




