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War and Peace - Masks Off, Hearts Revealed

Leo Tolstoy

War and Peace

Masks Off, Hearts Revealed

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Summary

The Rostovs arrive at the Melyukovs' house for a traditional Russian mumming party, where everyone dresses in costumes and disguises. Pelagéya Danílovna, the warm hostess, delights in the chaos as costumed guests—including Nicholas dressed as a hussar and Natasha in disguise—dance and play games. The evening becomes magical when the boundaries between servants and gentry dissolve, and everyone joins together in folk dances and fortune-telling games. But the real transformation happens to Nicholas, who suddenly sees Sónya with completely new eyes. Watching her animated and joyful under her cork mustache disguise, he realizes he's been blind to her true nature. When Sónya volunteers to go alone to the barn for a fortune-telling ritual (a brave act that involves listening for supernatural signs), Nicholas follows her outside. In the moonlit winter night, away from the social constraints of the house, they share their first real kiss. The irony is perfect: wearing disguises and playing roles, they discover their most authentic selves. This chapter shows how sometimes we need to step outside our usual identities to see what's been right in front of us all along. The costume party becomes a metaphor for the masks we all wear in daily life, and how dropping our guard can lead to genuine connection. Nicholas's sudden recognition of Sónya suggests that love often requires this kind of awakening—seeing someone not as they fit into your world, but as they truly are.

Coming Up in Chapter 144

The magical night continues, but fortune-telling games can reveal more than young hearts are prepared to handle. What Sónya discovers in the barn may change everything.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1486 words)

P

elagéya Danílovna Melyukóva, a broadly built, energetic woman
wearing spectacles, sat in the drawing room in a loose dress, surrounded
by her daughters whom she was trying to keep from feeling dull. They
were quietly dropping melted wax into snow and looking at the shadows
the wax figures would throw on the wall, when they heard the steps and
voices of new arrivals in the vestibule.

Hussars, ladies, witches, clowns, and bears, after clearing their
throats and wiping the hoarfrost from their faces in the vestibule,
came into the ballroom where candles were hurriedly lighted. The
clown—Dimmler—and the lady—Nicholas—started a dance. Surrounded
by the screaming children the mummers, covering their faces and
disguising their voices, bowed to their hostess and arranged themselves
about the room.

“Dear me! there’s no recognizing them! And Natásha! See whom
she looks like! She really reminds me of somebody. But Herr
Dimmler—isn’t he good! I didn’t know him! And how he dances. Dear
me, there’s a Circassian. Really, how becoming it is to dear Sónya.
And who is that? Well, you have cheered us up! Nikíta and Vanya—clear
away the tables! And we were sitting so quietly. Ha, ha, ha!... The
hussar, the hussar! Just like a boy! And the legs!... I can’t look at
him...” different voices were saying.

Natásha, the young Melyukóvs’ favorite, disappeared with them into
the back rooms where a cork and various dressing gowns and male garments
were called for and received from the footman by bare girlish arms from
behind the door. Ten minutes later, all the young Melyukóvs joined the
mummers.

Pelagéya Danílovna, having given orders to clear the rooms for the
visitors and arranged about refreshments for the gentry and the serfs,
went about among the mummers without removing her spectacles, peering
into their faces with a suppressed smile and failing to recognize any
of them. It was not merely Dimmler and the Rostóvs she failed to
recognize, she did not even recognize her own daughters, or her late
husband’s, dressing gowns and uniforms, which they had put on.

“And who is this?” she asked her governess, peering into the face of
her own daughter dressed up as a Kazán-Tartar. “I suppose it is one
of the Rostóvs! Well, Mr. Hussar, and what regiment do you serve in?”
she asked Natásha. “Here, hand some fruit jelly to the Turk!”
she ordered the butler who was handing things round. “That’s not
forbidden by his law.”

Sometimes, as she looked at the strange but amusing capers cut by the
dancers, who—having decided once for all that being disguised, no one
would recognize them—were not at all shy, Pelagéya Danílovna hid
her face in her handkerchief, and her whole stout body shook with
irrepressible, kindly, elderly laughter.

“My little Sásha! Look at Sásha!” she said.

After Russian country dances and chorus dances, Pelagéya Danílovna
made the serfs and gentry join in one large circle: a ring, a string,
and a silver ruble were fetched and they all played games together.

In an hour, all the costumes were crumpled and disordered. The corked
eyebrows and mustaches were smeared over the perspiring, flushed,
and merry faces. Pelagéya Danílovna began to recognize the mummers,
admired their cleverly contrived costumes, and particularly how they
suited the young ladies, and she thanked them all for having entertained
her so well. The visitors were invited to supper in the drawing room,
and the serfs had something served to them in the ballroom.

“Now to tell one’s fortune in the empty bathhouse is frightening!”
said an old maid who lived with the Melyukóvs, during supper.

“Why?” said the eldest Melyukóv girl.

“You wouldn’t go, it takes courage....”

“I’ll go,” said Sónya.

“Tell what happened to the young lady!” said the second Melyukóv
girl.

“Well,” began the old maid, “a young lady once went out, took a
cock, laid the table for two, all properly, and sat down. After sitting
a while, she suddenly hears someone coming... a sleigh drives up with
harness bells; she hears him coming! He comes in, just in the shape of a
man, like an officer—comes in and sits down to table with her.”

“Ah! ah!” screamed Natásha, rolling her eyes with horror.

“Yes? And how... did he speak?”

“Yes, like a man. Everything quite all right, and he began persuading
her; and she should have kept him talking till cockcrow, but she got
frightened, just got frightened and hid her face in her hands. Then he
caught her up. It was lucky the maids ran in just then....”

“Now, why frighten them?” said Pelagéya Danílovna.

“Mamma, you used to try your fate yourself...” said her daughter.

“And how does one do it in a barn?” inquired Sónya.

“Well, say you went to the barn now, and listened. It depends on what
you hear; hammering and knocking—that’s bad; but a sound of shifting
grain is good and one sometimes hears that, too.”

“Mamma, tell us what happened to you in the barn.”

Pelagéya Danílovna smiled.

“Oh, I’ve forgotten...” she replied. “But none of you would
go?”

“Yes, I will; Pelagéya Danílovna, let me! I’ll go,” said Sónya.

“Well, why not, if you’re not afraid?”

“Louisa Ivánovna, may I?” asked Sónya.

Whether they were playing the ring and string game or the ruble game or
talking as now, Nicholas did not leave Sónya’s side, and gazed at her
with quite new eyes. It seemed to him that it was only today, thanks
to that burnt-cork mustache, that he had fully learned to know her. And
really, that evening, Sónya was brighter, more animated, and prettier
than Nicholas had ever seen her before.

“So that’s what she is like; what a fool I have been!” he thought
gazing at her sparkling eyes, and under the mustache a happy rapturous
smile dimpled her cheeks, a smile he had never seen before.

“I’m not afraid of anything,” said Sónya. “May I go at once?”
She got up.

They told her where the barn was and how she should stand and listen,
and they handed her a fur cloak. She threw this over her head and
shoulders and glanced at Nicholas.

“What a darling that girl is!” thought he. “And what have I been
thinking of till now?”

Sónya went out into the passage to go to the barn. Nicholas went
hastily to the front porch, saying he felt too hot. The crowd of people
really had made the house stuffy.

Outside, there was the same cold stillness and the same moon, but even
brighter than before. The light was so strong and the snow sparkled with
so many stars that one did not wish to look up at the sky and the real
stars were unnoticed. The sky was black and dreary, while the earth was
gay.

“I am a fool, a fool! what have I been waiting for?” thought
Nicholas, and running out from the porch he went round the corner of
the house and along the path that led to the back porch. He knew Sónya
would pass that way. Halfway lay some snow-covered piles of firewood and
across and along them a network of shadows from the bare old lime trees
fell on the snow and on the path. This path led to the barn. The log
walls of the barn and its snow-covered roof, that looked as if hewn out
of some precious stone, sparkled in the moonlight. A tree in the garden
snapped with the frost, and then all was again perfectly silent. His
bosom seemed to inhale not air but the strength of eternal youth and
gladness.

From the back porch came the sound of feet descending the steps, the
bottom step upon which snow had fallen gave a ringing creak and he heard
the voice of an old maidservant saying, “Straight, straight, along the
path, Miss. Only, don’t look back.”

“I am not afraid,” answered Sónya’s voice, and along the path
toward Nicholas came the crunching, whistling sound of Sónya’s feet
in her thin shoes.

Sónya came along, wrapped in her cloak. She was only a couple of paces
away when she saw him, and to her too he was not the Nicholas she had
known and always slightly feared. He was in a woman’s dress, with
tousled hair and a happy smile new to Sónya. She ran rapidly toward
him.

“Quite different and yet the same,” thought Nicholas, looking at her
face all lit up by the moonlight. He slipped his arms under the cloak
that covered her head, embraced her, pressed her to him, and kissed her
on the lips that wore a mustache and had a smell of burnt cork. Sónya
kissed him full on the lips, and disengaging her little hands pressed
them to his cheeks.

“Sónya!... Nicholas!”... was all they said. They ran to the barn
and then back again, re-entering, he by the front and she by the back
porch.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Mask Paradox
This chapter reveals a profound pattern: we often need to step outside our usual roles to see what's been right in front of us all along. Nicholas has known Sónya for years, but it takes a costume party—literally wearing a disguise—for him to see her true nature. The mask paradox is real: sometimes putting on a false face helps us drop our real masks. The mechanism works through role disruption. When we're locked into familiar patterns—Nicholas as the heir, Sónya as the dependent cousin—we see each other through the lens of those roles. But when the mumming party dissolves social boundaries, when servants and gentry dance together, when everyone wears costumes, the rigid categories break down. Nicholas isn't seeing 'cousin Sónya' anymore; he's seeing a vibrant, brave woman willing to venture alone into the dark barn for fortune-telling. This pattern shows up everywhere in modern life. At work, you might suddenly notice a colleague's brilliant insights during a casual lunch conversation, after years of seeing them only as 'accounting person.' In healthcare, a nurse might recognize a patient's wisdom during an off-the-record chat, beyond their medical chart identity. Parents often discover their teenagers' depth during car rides or late-night conversations—moments when the parent-child roles soften. Online dating works partly because it strips away some social context, letting people connect before job titles and social status create barriers. When you recognize this pattern, actively create 'costume party' moments. Change the setting. Have that work conversation over coffee instead of in the conference room. Talk to your teenager while doing dishes, not during 'serious parent talks.' Ask your spouse about their dreams during a walk, not during household planning. Pay attention when someone steps outside their usual role—the quiet coworker who speaks up, the tough boss who shows vulnerability, the reserved family member who suddenly opens up. When you can name the pattern—that authentic recognition often requires disrupting familiar roles—predict where it leads, and create the conditions for it to happen, that's amplified intelligence working for your relationships.

We often need to step outside our usual roles and identities to see others—and ourselves—clearly.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Recognizing Role-Based Blindness

This chapter teaches how we often fail to see people's full humanity when we're locked into familiar social roles and contexts.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you interact with someone in a different setting than usual—a coworker at lunch, a neighbor at the store, a family member during an unexpected conversation—and pay attention to what new aspects of them you discover.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"Dear me! there's no recognizing them! And Natásha! See whom she looks like!"

— Pelagéya Danílovna

Context: When the costumed guests first arrive and she's delighting in how transformed everyone looks

This captures the magic of transformation that costumes create. The hostess's joy shows how these moments of disguise reveal new aspects of familiar people. It sets up the theme that masks can actually help us see more clearly.

In Today's Words:

Oh my God, I can't even tell who's who! Natasha, you look completely different!

"The hussar, the hussar! Just like a boy! And the legs!... I can't look at him..."

— Various guests

Context: The guests' reaction to Nicholas dressed as a hussar, commenting on how convincing and amusing his costume is

The playful gender-bending of the costume party creates a space where normal social rules don't apply. The guests' laughter shows how liberating it can be when everyone agrees to step outside their usual roles.

In Today's Words:

Look at him in that uniform! He actually looks like a soldier! Those legs! I'm dying!

"Natásha, the young Melyukóvs' favorite, disappeared with them into the back rooms"

— Narrator

Context: Describing how Natasha joins the family's private preparations and costume changes

This shows how the evening breaks down social barriers - Natasha is welcomed into the intimate family space, showing the genuine affection and equality that the party creates among all participants.

In Today's Words:

Natasha, who everyone loved, went with them to get ready in the back rooms

Thematic Threads

Identity

In This Chapter

Characters literally wear disguises but discover their authentic selves underneath

Development

Builds on earlier themes of social roles constraining true nature

In Your Life:

You might notice how you act differently in different settings and wonder which version is the 'real' you

Class

In This Chapter

The party temporarily dissolves boundaries between servants and gentry through costume and dance

Development

Continues Tolstoy's exploration of how social hierarchies can be artificial and changeable

In Your Life:

You might feel more comfortable connecting with people when work titles and social status aren't front and center

Recognition

In This Chapter

Nicholas suddenly sees Sónya's true nature after years of knowing her in a limited role

Development

New theme introduced here that will likely connect to other relationship revelations

In Your Life:

You might realize you've been seeing someone important to you through a narrow lens based on their role in your life

Social Expectations

In This Chapter

The mumming tradition allows behavior that would be inappropriate in normal social settings

Development

Continues the theme of how social rules can both protect and constrain authentic connection

In Your Life:

You might notice how certain social settings make you feel freer to be yourself while others make you more guarded

Transformation

In This Chapter

The costume party becomes a catalyst for genuine emotional breakthrough between Nicholas and Sónya

Development

Builds on earlier moments where external changes spark internal growth

In Your Life:

You might find that changing your environment or routine helps you see familiar situations with fresh eyes

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    Why does Nicholas suddenly see Sónya differently at the costume party, after knowing her for years?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    How does the mumming party break down the usual social barriers between servants and gentry, and why does this matter for Nicholas and Sónya's connection?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Think about your workplace, family, or social groups. Where do you see people locked into roles that might prevent you from seeing who they really are?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    If you wanted to create a 'costume party moment' to see someone in your life more clearly, how would you change the usual setting or context?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does this chapter suggest about why authentic connections often happen in unexpected moments rather than formal settings?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Design Your Own Role Disruption

Think of someone in your life you interact with regularly but only in one specific context (coworker, neighbor, family member, etc.). Map out the usual 'roles' you both play in that relationship. Then design a simple way to change the setting or context that might let you see each other differently—like Nicholas seeing Sónya at the costume party instead of just as his cousin at home.

Consider:

  • •What assumptions do you make about this person based on their usual role?
  • •What would a completely different setting reveal about both of you?
  • •How might changing the physical space, activity, or social context shift the dynamic?

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you discovered something surprising about someone you thought you knew well. What changed the context that let you see them differently?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 144: Love Confessions and Mirror Magic

The magical night continues, but fortune-telling games can reveal more than young hearts are prepared to handle. What Sónya discovers in the barn may change everything.

Continue to Chapter 144
Previous
Memories, Dreams, and Winter Magic
Contents
Next
Love Confessions and Mirror Magic

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