Summary
Montaigne explores the complex dynamics between fathers and children, arguing that natural parental instinct isn't enough—true love must be guided by reason and wisdom. He criticizes fathers who either spoil young children mindlessly or become tyrannical misers in old age, hoarding wealth and power while their families suffer. Through personal anecdotes and classical examples, he shows how the healthiest families are built on mutual respect rather than fear or dependency. Montaigne advocates for fathers to gradually share authority with mature children, maintaining dignity while fostering genuine relationships. He particularly condemns the common practice of distant, stern parenting that leaves children feeling unloved—citing the regrets of Marshal de Montluc, who realized too late that his cold demeanor had robbed him of his son's affection. The essay also explores how our 'intellectual children'—our creative works and ideas—can be as meaningful as biological offspring. Montaigne argues that wisdom lies in knowing when to step back, when to hold on, and how to love without possessing. His insights reveal timeless truths about power, aging, and the delicate balance between protecting those we love and allowing them to flourish independently.
Coming Up in Chapter 66
From family dynamics, Montaigne turns to military strategy, examining the innovative tactics of the Parthians and what their unconventional warfare reveals about adaptability and strength through apparent weakness.
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An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
OF THE AFFECTION OF FATHERS TO THEIR CHILDREN To Madame D’Estissac. MADAM, if the strangeness and novelty of my subject, which are wont to give value to things, do not save me, I shall never come off with honour from this foolish attempt: but ‘tis so fantastic, and carries a face so unlike the common use, that this, peradventure, may make it pass. ‘Tis a melancholic humour, and consequently a humour very much an enemy to my natural complexion, engendered by the pensiveness of the solitude into which for some years past I have retired myself, that first put into my head this idle fancy of writing. Wherein, finding myself totally unprovided and empty of other matter, I presented myself to myself for argument and subject. ‘Tis the only book in the world of its kind, and of a wild and extravagant design. There is nothing worth remark in this affair but that extravagancy: for in a subject so vain and frivolous, the best workman in the world could not have given it a form fit to recommend it to any manner of esteem. Now, madam, having to draw my own picture to the life, I had omitted one important feature, had I not therein represented the honour I have ever had for you and your merits; which I have purposely chosen to say in the beginning of this chapter, by reason that amongst the many other excellent qualities you are mistress of, that of the tender love you have manifested to your children, is seated in one of the highest places. Whoever knows at what age Monsieur D’Estissac, your husband, left you a widow, the great and honourable matches that have since been offered to you, as many as to any lady of your condition in France, the constancy and steadiness wherewith, for so many years, you have sustained so many sharp difficulties, the burden and conduct of affairs, which have persecuted you in every corner of the kingdom, and are not yet weary of tormenting you, and the happy direction you have given to all these, by your sole prudence or good fortune, will easily conclude with me that we have not so vivid an example as yours of maternal affection in our times. I praise God, madam, that it has been so well employed; for the great hopes Monsieur D’Estissac, your son, gives of himself, render sufficient assurance that when he comes of age you will reap from him all the obedience and gratitude of a very good man. But, forasmuch as by reason of his tender years, he has not been capable of taking notice of those offices of extremest value he has in so great number received from you, I will, if these papers shall one day happen to fall into his hands, when I shall neither have mouth nor speech left to deliver it to him, that he shall receive from me a true account of those things, which shall be more effectually manifested...
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Hoarding Power - When Protection Becomes Prison
Hoarding power in the name of protection ultimately destroys what you're trying to preserve.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches us to recognize when someone's 'protection' is actually about maintaining control and relevance.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when someone justifies tight control by claiming to protect others—ask yourself whether they're truly helping or just staying needed.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Melancholic humour
In Montaigne's time, one of four bodily fluids believed to control personality and mood. Melancholic humour made people thoughtful, sad, and introspective. It was associated with deep thinking but also depression and withdrawal from society.
Modern Usage:
Today we'd call this being introverted or having a tendency toward depression and overthinking.
Paternal authority
The absolute power fathers held over their families in 16th century France. Fathers controlled money, marriage choices, and major life decisions for their children well into adulthood. This authority was considered natural and God-given.
Modern Usage:
We see echoes in helicopter parenting, family businesses where dad won't retire, or parents who use money to control adult children.
Intellectual children
Montaigne's metaphor for creative works, ideas, and achievements that we 'birth' through mental effort. He suggests these creations can be as meaningful as biological children and deserve similar care and pride.
Modern Usage:
Artists talking about their 'baby' when referring to a project, or entrepreneurs calling their business their 'first child.'
Marshal
A high military rank in France, equivalent to a general today. Marshals were typically nobility who commanded armies and held significant political power. They represented the warrior aristocracy of Montaigne's era.
Modern Usage:
Similar to a four-star general or high-ranking military officer who also has political influence.
Avarice in old age
The tendency for elderly people to become increasingly stingy and possessive of their wealth, often at the expense of family relationships. Montaigne saw this as a common failing that destroyed family bonds.
Modern Usage:
The grandparent who hoards money while family struggles, or wealthy retirees who won't help adult children with student loans.
Natural affection vs reasoned love
Montaigne distinguished between instinctive parental feelings and thoughtful, wise love guided by judgment. He argued that raw instinct without wisdom often leads to poor parenting decisions.
Modern Usage:
The difference between spoiling kids because it feels good versus setting boundaries because it's what they need.
Characters in This Chapter
Madame D'Estissac
Dedicatee and maternal exemplar
The woman to whom Montaigne dedicates this essay, praising her as an example of proper parental love. She represents the ideal of combining natural affection with wisdom and reason in raising children.
Modern Equivalent:
The mom everyone wishes they had - loving but wise
Marshal de Montluc
Cautionary example
A military leader who regretted his cold, distant parenting style only after his son died. Montaigne uses him to show how traditional stern fathering can backfire, leaving parents with regret and missed connections.
Modern Equivalent:
The workaholic dad who realizes too late he missed his kids' childhood
Montaigne himself
Narrator and philosopher
Reflects on his own experience as both son and father, admitting his struggles with balancing authority and affection. He uses personal examples to explore the complexities of family relationships.
Modern Equivalent:
The middle-aged parent trying to figure out how to do better than their own parents did
Key Quotes & Analysis
"There is nothing worth remark in this affair but that extravagancy: for in a subject so vain and frivolous, the best workman in the world could not have given it a form fit to recommend it to any manner of esteem."
Context: Montaigne apologizing for writing about himself, calling it a strange and worthless subject
This shows Montaigne's revolutionary approach to writing - making the self a worthy subject of study. His false modesty masks a radical idea that ordinary human experience deserves serious attention.
In Today's Words:
I know writing about myself seems narcissistic and pointless, but maybe that's exactly what makes it interesting.
"It is not enough that our education do not corrupt us, it must change us for the better."
Context: Discussing how parents should guide their children's development
Montaigne argues that good parenting isn't just about avoiding damage - it should actively improve children. This challenges parents to be intentional and positive influences rather than just protective.
In Today's Words:
Don't just try not to mess up your kids - actually help them become better people.
"I have seen many fathers torment themselves to see their children succeed them in their dignities and estates, who would have done much better to have resigned them in their lifetime."
Context: Criticizing fathers who cling to power and wealth instead of sharing with their children
This reveals how ego and control can poison family relationships. Montaigne suggests that sharing power while alive creates better bonds than hoarding it until death.
In Today's Words:
Too many dads hold onto control until they die, when they should hand over responsibility while they're still around to see their kids succeed.
Thematic Threads
Power
In This Chapter
Montaigne examines how fathers use financial control and authority to maintain dominance over adult children
Development
Building on earlier power dynamics, now focused specifically on family hierarchies
In Your Life:
You might see this in any relationship where someone uses resources or knowledge as leverage to maintain control.
Fear
In This Chapter
Fear of aging, irrelevance, and loss drives fathers to cling to control rather than share authority
Development
Expanding from personal fears to fears about losing social position and relevance
In Your Life:
You might recognize this when you resist training others or sharing responsibilities because it makes you feel less essential.
Relationships
In This Chapter
Montaigne shows how cold, distant parenting destroys genuine connection and breeds resentment
Development
Deepening exploration of how authentic relationships require vulnerability and mutual respect
In Your Life:
You might see this pattern in any relationship where one person maintains emotional distance to preserve their sense of authority.
Identity
In This Chapter
Parents struggle with evolving their identity as children mature and need them less
Development
Continuing theme of how social roles can trap us if we can't adapt to changing circumstances
In Your Life:
You might face this when your value at work or home shifts and you must redefine what makes you important.
Wisdom
In This Chapter
True wisdom means knowing when to hold on and when to let go, balancing protection with independence
Development
Montaigne's ongoing exploration of practical wisdom in navigating complex human dynamics
In Your Life:
You might need this wisdom when deciding how much help to offer someone without creating dependence.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What specific behaviors does Montaigne criticize in fathers, and how do these behaviors backfire?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Montaigne argue that 'natural instinct' isn't enough for good parenting - what else is needed?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see this 'hoarding power to protect' pattern in modern workplaces, relationships, or families?
application • medium - 4
If you were coaching someone who tends to micromanage or over-control, what practical steps would you suggest for gradually letting go?
application • deep - 5
What does Marshal de Montluc's regret about being too distant reveal about the hidden costs of trying to appear strong or invulnerable?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Power Dynamics
Think of a relationship where you hold more power or authority - as a parent, supervisor, mentor, or experienced team member. Draw two columns: 'What I control' and 'What I could gradually transfer.' Be honest about what you're holding onto out of fear versus genuine necessity. Then identify one specific thing you could start letting go of this week.
Consider:
- •Ask yourself: Am I holding on to help them, or to stay needed?
- •Consider what fears might be driving your need to maintain control
- •Think about how the other person might experience your level of involvement
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when someone's over-protection or micromanagement frustrated you. How did it make you feel? Now flip it - where might you be doing something similar to others without realizing it?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 66: Heavy Armor, Light Warriors
As the story unfolds, you'll explore over-preparation can become a weakness in itself, while uncovering comfort and convenience might undermine real strength. These lessons connect the classic to contemporary challenges we all face.