Summary
Ishmael takes us on a tour of the Pequod's most gruesome workspace: the try-works, where whale blubber gets boiled down into oil. Picture a brick furnace built right on the ship's deck, with two massive iron pots that hold several barrels each. The crew feeds strips of blubber into these pots while the fires below turn them into liquid gold—whale oil that will light lamps across America. The work is brutal and hellish. Men stand in smoke and heat, using long poles to stir the bubbling oil while dodging sparks and splashes. The deck becomes slippery with grease, the air thick with smoke. At night, the scene looks like something from Dante's Inferno—flames leaping, shadows dancing, half-naked men moving through the smoke like demons. Ishmael describes how they use the crispy leftovers from yesterday's blubber (called 'fritters') as fuel for today's fires, creating a self-sustaining cycle where the whale essentially cooks itself. But this chapter isn't just about the mechanics of whale processing. Melville uses the try-works as a metaphor for how suffering and destruction can produce light and value. The whale's death becomes lamp oil that brightens homes. The hellish labor creates profitable cargo. Even the smoke, Ishmael notes, has a strange sweetness to it. He warns us, though, about staring too long into the fires—literally and figuratively. Focus too much on darkness and suffering, and you'll lose sight of everything else. The try-works represent both the industrial transformation of nature into commodity and the dangerous allure of dwelling on life's darker aspects.
Coming Up in Chapter 77
The Pequod sails on, leaving a trail of smoke behind her like a floating factory. But in the vast Pacific, other ships are hunting too, and not all encounters between whalers are friendly.
Share it with friends
An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
The Battering-Ram. Ere quitting, for the nonce, the Sperm Whale’s head, I would have you, as a sensible physiologist, simply—particularly remark its front aspect, in all its compacted collectedness. I would have you investigate it now with the sole view of forming to yourself some unexaggerated, intelligent estimate of whatever battering-ram power may be lodged there. Here is a vital point; for you must either satisfactorily settle this matter with yourself, or for ever remain an infidel as to one of the most appalling, but not the less true events, perhaps anywhere to be found in all recorded history. You observe that in the ordinary swimming position of the Sperm Whale, the front of his head presents an almost wholly vertical plane to the water; you observe that the lower part of that front slopes considerably backwards, so as to furnish more of a retreat for the long socket which receives the boom-like lower jaw; you observe that the mouth is entirely under the head, much in the same way, indeed, as though your own mouth were entirely under your chin. Moreover you observe that the whale has no external nose; and that what nose he has—his spout hole—is on the top of his head; you observe that his eyes and ears are at the sides of his head, nearly one third of his entire length from the front. Wherefore, you must now have perceived that the front of the Sperm Whale’s head is a dead, blind wall, without a single organ or tender prominence of any sort whatsoever. Furthermore, you are now to consider that only in the extreme, lower, backward sloping part of the front of the head, is there the slightest vestige of bone; and not till you get near twenty feet from the forehead do you come to the full cranial development. So that this whole enormous boneless mass is as one wad. Finally, though, as will soon be revealed, its contents partly comprise the most delicate oil; yet, you are now to be apprised of the nature of the substance which so impregnably invests all that apparent effeminacy. In some previous place I have described to you how the blubber wraps the body of the whale, as the rind wraps an orange. Just so with the head; but with this difference: about the head this envelope, though not so thick, is of a boneless toughness, inestimable by any man who has not handled it. The severest pointed harpoon, the sharpest lance darted by the strongest human arm, impotently rebounds from it. It is as though the forehead of the Sperm Whale were paved with horses’ hoofs. I do not think that any sensation lurks in it. Bethink yourself also of another thing. When two large, loaded Indiamen chance to crowd and crush towards each other in the docks, what do the sailors do? They do not suspend between them, at the point of coming contact, any merely hard substance, like iron or wood. No, they...
Master this chapter. Complete your experience
Purchase the complete book to access all chapters and support classic literature
As an Amazon Associate, we earn a small commission from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you.
Available in paperback, hardcover, and e-book formats
Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Productive Hell - When Suffering Becomes System
Systems that consume their workers while generating value for distant beneficiaries, sustained by normalizing suffering as necessary efficiency.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
Melville's try-works teaches you to identify when a workplace has created a self-feeding cycle of worker destruction disguised as efficiency.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when your workplace asks you to 'feed your own fire'—using your exhaustion, health, or safety as fuel for someone else's profit.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Try-works
The brick furnace built on a whaling ship's deck where blubber gets boiled down into oil. This was the industrial heart of the whaling operation, turning raw whale fat into the valuable commodity that lit America's lamps.
Modern Usage:
We see this in any industrial process that transforms raw materials into profit, from oil refineries to data mining operations.
Fritters
The crispy, burnt scraps left over from boiling blubber that sailors used as fuel for the next batch. This created a self-sustaining cycle where the whale essentially cooked itself.
Modern Usage:
Like using coffee grounds for compost or recycling cooking oil for biodiesel - turning waste into resource.
Inferno
Reference to Dante's vision of Hell from his famous poem. Melville uses this comparison to show how the try-works at night looked like a scene from the underworld, with flames, smoke, and half-naked men working in hellish conditions.
Modern Usage:
We still describe overwhelming, chaotic situations as 'infernal' or 'hellish,' especially dangerous workplaces.
Commodity
Something that can be bought and sold, especially raw materials or agricultural products. The chapter shows how whales were transformed from living creatures into commercial products through industrial processing.
Modern Usage:
Everything from data to attention spans gets turned into commodities today - packaged and sold for profit.
Metaphor
A literary device where one thing represents something deeper. Here, the try-works represent how suffering can produce value, but also warns about the danger of focusing too much on darkness.
Modern Usage:
We use metaphors constantly - 'drowning in work,' 'time is money' - to explain complex feelings through familiar images.
Industrial transformation
The process of converting natural resources into manufactured goods through machinery and labor. The try-works show an early example of industrial processing at sea.
Modern Usage:
From factory farms to Amazon warehouses, we still see massive operations transforming raw materials into consumer products.
Characters in This Chapter
Ishmael
narrator and philosophical observer
He guides us through the hellish scene of the try-works, explaining both the practical process and its deeper meaning. Shows his ability to find profound lessons in the grittiest ship work.
Modern Equivalent:
The coworker who finds meaning in mundane tasks
The harpooneers
skilled laborers managing the try-works
They work the long poles, stirring the boiling oil and feeding the fires. Their expertise keeps this dangerous operation running smoothly despite the hellish conditions.
Modern Equivalent:
The experienced factory workers who know every machine's quirk
The crew
workers in the industrial process
Unnamed sailors who labor in smoke and heat, their bodies glistening with sweat and grease as they transform blubber into oil. They embody the human cost of producing valuable commodities.
Modern Equivalent:
The night shift at a steel mill or oil refinery
The Pequod
the ship as industrial workspace
More than just a vessel, the ship becomes a floating factory with its try-works. Its deck transforms into a dangerous, greasy workplace where profit is extracted from nature.
Modern Equivalent:
A mobile processing plant or offshore drilling platform
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The whale supplies his own fuel and burns by his own body."
Context: Describing how the leftover 'fritters' from boiling blubber are used to fuel the next batch
This reveals the brutal efficiency of whaling - nothing is wasted, and the whale literally provides the means of its own destruction. It's a perfect metaphor for how capitalism consumes everything, even using waste to create more profit.
In Today's Words:
It's like the company that makes you use your own car for deliveries, then takes the gas money from your paycheck.
"Like a plethoric burning martyr, or a self-consuming misanthrope, once ignited, the whale supplies his own fuel and burns by his own body."
Context: Reflecting on the self-sustaining nature of the try-works process
Melville connects the whale's consumption to human self-destruction - martyrs who burn for causes and misanthropes who consume themselves with hatred. The industrial process mirrors destructive human behaviors.
In Today's Words:
It's like watching someone work themselves to death for a company that'll replace them tomorrow.
"Look not too long in the face of the fire, O man!"
Context: Warning readers about becoming fixated on darkness and suffering
This is Melville's crucial warning - while we must acknowledge life's darkness, dwelling on it exclusively will consume us. The try-works' flames represent any destructive obsession that can hypnotize and ultimately destroy us.
In Today's Words:
Don't doomscroll all night or you'll lose sight of everything good in your life.
"The rushing Pequod, freighted with savages, and laden with fire, and burning a corpse, and plunging into that blackness of darkness, seemed the material counterpart of her monomaniac commander's soul."
Context: Describing the ship at night during the try-works operation
The hellish ship becomes a physical manifestation of Ahab's obsessed soul. The try-works transform the Pequod into a floating inferno that mirrors its captain's burning desire for revenge.
In Today's Words:
The whole operation looked as crazy and destructive as the boss who was running it.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
The try-works crew does the most dangerous, hellish work while ship owners profit from the oil they'll never touch
Development
Deepens from earlier chapters—not just hierarchy but active exploitation disguised as maritime tradition
In Your Life:
When your workplace talks about 'family' and 'teamwork' while you do the work that literally breaks your body
Transformation
In This Chapter
Raw blubber becomes refined oil through fire, but also transforms the men who tend it into something harder, smokier
Development
Evolves from Ishmael's personal changes to showing how industrial processes transform everyone they touch
In Your Life:
When you realize the job that pays your bills is slowly changing who you are in ways you didn't choose
Self-Consumption
In This Chapter
The whale literally feeds its own rendering fires through the fritters—a perfect closed loop of destruction
Development
Introduced here as industrial metaphor for how systems make workers complicit in their own exploitation
In Your Life:
When you work overtime to afford the gas to get to the job that requires you to work overtime
Dangerous Beauty
In This Chapter
Ishmael finds the hellish scene poetic, warns against staring too long into fires that can mesmerize and destroy
Development
Builds on earlier fascination with whale anatomy—now showing how we can romanticize our own exploitation
In Your Life:
When you catch yourself taking pride in how much abuse you can take at work, like it's a badge of honor
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What makes the try-works such a hellish workspace, and how do the workers manage to keep going despite the brutal conditions?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Melville describe the whale as 'cooking itself' through the fritter system? What's he really saying about how exploitative systems work?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see modern workplaces that romanticize suffering or dangerous conditions as 'just part of the job'?
application • medium - 4
If you realized your workplace was a 'try-works'—consuming workers to create value for others—what specific steps would you take to protect yourself while planning your exit?
application • deep - 5
What does the warning about 'staring too long into the fires' teach us about the danger of normalizing exploitation, both as workers and as a society?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Own Try-Works
Draw a simple diagram of a workplace you know well—yours or someone close to you. Mark who does the hardest physical work, who faces the most risk or stress, and who benefits most from that labor. Then trace how the 'smoke' from this work affects different people's health, time, and opportunities.
Consider:
- •Notice how physical distance from the 'fire' often correlates with decision-making power
- •Consider what gets normalized as 'just how things are' that would shock an outsider
- •Think about what 'fritters' (yesterday's waste) get recycled to keep the system running
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you realized you were feeding your own fire—when your hard work was actually making your situation worse or keeping an unfair system running. How did you recognize it? What did you do?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 77
The coming pages reveal key events and character development in this chapter, and teach us thematic elements and literary techniques. These discoveries help us navigate similar situations in our own lives.