Summary
Seneca writes to his friend Lucilius about fundamentally changing his relationship with mortality. Now in old age, he's stopped chasing the same things he wanted as a young man and instead focuses on one goal: putting an end to his chronic suffering by accepting what must come. He approaches each day as if it might be complete in itself, not desperately clinging to it as his last, but acknowledging it could be. This mindset shift removes his anxiety about when death will arrive. The key insight Seneca shares is about the power of willing acceptance versus resistance. When we fight against what's inevitable, we create our own misery. A person who takes orders gladly escapes the worst part of being controlled—doing things against their will. The same principle applies to life's circumstances and ultimately to death itself. Seneca argues that readiness for death should come before preparation for life, because we spend too much energy accumulating things and experiences, always feeling like something's missing. True satisfaction comes from the mind's acceptance, not from years lived or possessions gathered. He tells Lucilius he's lived long enough and feels complete, awaiting death without fear. This isn't depression or giving up—it's the freedom that comes from releasing the desperate grip on permanence and finding peace in impermanence.
Coming Up in Chapter 62
After discussing personal readiness for death, Seneca turns his attention outward to examine how the people we surround ourselves with shape our character and daily choices. He'll explore why most people use busyness as an excuse to avoid real growth.
Share it with friends
An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 429 words)
L←etter 60. On harmful prayersMoral letters to Luciliusby Seneca, translated by Richard Mott GummereLetter 61. On meeting death cheerfullyLetter 62. On good company→483037Moral letters to Lucilius — Letter 61. On meeting death cheerfullyRichard Mott GummereSeneca ​ LXI. ON MEETING DEATH CHEERFULLY 1. Let us cease to desire that which we have been desiring. I, at least, am doing this: in my old age I have ceased to desire what I desired when a boy. To this single end my days and my nights are passed; this is my task, this the object of my thoughts,—to put an end to my chronic ills. I am endeavouring to live every day as if it were a complete life. I do not indeed snatch it up as if it were my last; I do regard it, however, as if it might even be my last. 2. The present letter is written to you with this in mind,—as if death were about to call me away in the very act of writing. I am ready to depart, and I shall enjoy life just because I am not over-anxious as to the future date of my departure. Before I became old I tried to live well; now that I am old, I shall try to die well; but dying ​well means dying gladly. See to it that you never do anything unwillingly. 3. That which is bound to be a necessity if you rebel, is not a necessity if you desire it. This is what I mean: he who takes his orders gladly, escapes the bitterest part of slavery,—doing what one does not want to do. The man who does something under orders is not unhappy; he is unhappy who does something against his will. Let us therefore so set our minds in order that we may desire whatever is demanded of us by circumstances, and above all that we may reflect upon our end without sadness. 4. We must make ready for death before we make ready for life. Life is well enough furnished, but we are too greedy with regard to its furnishings; something always seems to us lacking, and will always seem lacking. To have lived long enough depends neither upon our years nor upon our days, but upon our minds. I have lived, my dear friend Lucilius, long enough. I have had my fill;[1] I await death. Farewell.    ↑ A reminiscence of Lucretius, iii. 938 f. Cur non ut plenus vitae conviva recedus Aequo animoque capis securam, stulte, quietem? Cf. also Horace, Sat. i. 1. 118 f. vitae Cedat uti conviva satur.
Master this chapter. Complete your experience
Purchase the complete book to access all chapters and support classic literature
As an Amazon Associate, we earn a small commission from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you.
Available in paperback, hardcover, and e-book formats
Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Willing Surrender
Fighting unchangeable circumstances creates more suffering than the circumstances themselves.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to identify which workplace challenges deserve your energy and which ones drain it uselessly.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you're frustrated at work and ask: 'Can I actually change this, or am I fighting something that's already decided?'
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Stoic acceptance
The philosophical practice of willingly embracing what cannot be changed rather than fighting against it. Seneca teaches that resistance to inevitable things creates unnecessary suffering, while acceptance brings peace.
Modern Usage:
We see this in therapy concepts like 'radical acceptance' and the Serenity Prayer's wisdom about changing what you can and accepting what you can't.
Memento mori
A Latin phrase meaning 'remember you will die' - the practice of keeping mortality in mind to live more fully. Seneca uses this not to be morbid, but to focus on what truly matters each day.
Modern Usage:
This shows up in mindfulness practices and the modern advice to 'live each day like it's your last' or consider what you'd regret not doing.
Chronic ills
Seneca's term for the ongoing mental and spiritual suffering we create through our desires, fears, and resistance to life's natural flow. These aren't physical ailments but patterns of thinking that cause pain.
Modern Usage:
Today we might call these anxiety, depression, or the constant stress from wanting life to be different than it is.
Willing vs. unwilling action
Seneca's insight that the same action can be either suffering or freedom depending on our attitude. When we choose to embrace necessary things, we maintain our dignity and peace.
Modern Usage:
This applies to everything from taking care of elderly parents to working jobs we need - our attitude determines whether it's burden or choice.
Complete life
The idea that a single day, lived with full presence and acceptance, can feel whole and satisfying regardless of how many days follow. Quality of living matters more than quantity.
Modern Usage:
We see this in concepts like 'being present' and finding meaning in ordinary moments rather than always waiting for the next big thing.
Moral letters
Personal correspondence between philosophers sharing practical wisdom for daily life. Seneca wrote these to his friend Lucilius as guidance for living well, not abstract theory.
Modern Usage:
Similar to modern self-help books, life coaching, or even meaningful conversations with mentors who share hard-won wisdom.
Characters in This Chapter
Seneca
Wise mentor
An elderly Roman philosopher sharing his transformation from someone who chased worldly desires to someone at peace with mortality. He's reached a point where he feels complete and ready for whatever comes.
Modern Equivalent:
The older coworker who's been through it all and now has perspective on what really matters
Lucilius
Student and friend
The recipient of Seneca's wisdom letters, representing someone still learning to navigate life's challenges. He serves as our proxy - the person we identify with who needs this guidance.
Modern Equivalent:
The friend you text for advice when life gets overwhelming
Key Quotes & Analysis
"I am endeavouring to live every day as if it were a complete life."
Context: Explaining his new approach to daily living in old age
This captures the shift from constantly preparing for some future perfect life to finding wholeness in each present moment. It's about presence and acceptance rather than endless postponement of satisfaction.
In Today's Words:
I'm trying to make each day feel full and meaningful on its own, not just preparation for tomorrow.
"See to it that you never do anything unwillingly."
Context: Advising Lucilius on the secret to dying well and living well
This isn't about avoiding responsibilities, but about changing your relationship to necessary things. When you choose to embrace what must be done, you keep your inner freedom even in difficult circumstances.
In Today's Words:
Find a way to choose what you have to do anyway - it changes everything about how it feels.
"That which is bound to be a necessity if you rebel, is not a necessity if you desire it."
Context: Explaining how our attitude transforms our experience of inevitable things
This reveals the power we have even in powerless situations. The external circumstances might be the same, but our internal experience changes completely based on our willingness to accept or fight what's happening.
In Today's Words:
If you're going to have to do it anyway, you might as well want to do it - it stops being a burden when you choose it.
"I shall enjoy life just because I am not over-anxious as to the future date of my departure."
Context: Describing how accepting mortality actually increases his enjoyment of life
This paradox shows that fear of death often prevents us from fully living. When we make peace with impermanence, we can be more present and grateful for what we have right now.
In Today's Words:
I'm actually happier now that I'm not constantly worried about when I'm going to die.
Thematic Threads
Mortality
In This Chapter
Seneca openly discusses his acceptance of approaching death as bringing him peace rather than terror
Development
Evolved from earlier abstract discussions to personal, immediate acceptance of his own mortality
In Your Life:
You might recognize this when you stop fearing aging and start appreciating each stage of life.
Control
In This Chapter
Distinguishes between fighting against fate versus willingly accepting what must come
Development
Builds on earlier themes of focusing on what's within our power
In Your Life:
You see this when you realize which workplace battles are worth fighting and which drain your energy pointlessly.
Satisfaction
In This Chapter
True contentment comes from mental acceptance, not accumulating more years or possessions
Development
Develops earlier themes about internal versus external sources of fulfillment
In Your Life:
This appears when you stop thinking 'I'll be happy when I get X' and find peace with what you have.
Readiness
In This Chapter
Being prepared for life's end should come before endlessly preparing for life itself
Development
Introduced here as a new perspective on priorities and preparation
In Your Life:
You might see this in always planning for someday instead of living fully in the present moment.
Freedom
In This Chapter
Liberation comes from releasing desperate attachment to permanence and embracing impermanence
Development
Culmination of earlier discussions about what true freedom means
In Your Life:
This shows up when you stop clinging to relationships, jobs, or situations that are naturally ending.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What specific change did Seneca make in how he approaches each day, and how does this affect his anxiety about death?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Seneca compare accepting death to a person who takes orders willingly? What's the connection between resistance and suffering?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people in your life fighting against things they can't change? How does this resistance affect their daily experience?
application • medium - 4
Think about a situation where you're currently struggling with something unchangeable. How might redirecting your energy toward what you can control change your approach?
application • deep - 5
What does Seneca's willingness to face death teach us about finding peace with other inevitable changes in life?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Energy Battles
Draw two columns: 'Fighting Against' and 'Can Control Instead.' List current situations causing you stress or frustration. For each item, identify what you're resisting that can't be changed, then write what you could focus on that's actually within your power. This reveals where you're wasting energy and where you could redirect it effectively.
Consider:
- •Be honest about what you truly cannot change versus what feels difficult to change
- •Look for patterns in your resistance - do you fight certain types of situations more than others?
- •Consider how much mental and emotional energy you spend on the 'fighting against' column daily
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you stopped fighting something unchangeable and found unexpected peace or opportunity. What did that teach you about where to focus your energy?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 62: Choosing Your Inner Circle Wisely
The coming pages reveal to protect your time from people who drain your energy, and teach us the company you keep shapes who you become. These discoveries help us navigate similar situations in our own lives.