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Great Expectations - Joe's Uncomfortable Visit to Miss Havisham

Charles Dickens

Great Expectations

Joe's Uncomfortable Visit to Miss Havisham

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Summary

Joe's Uncomfortable Visit to Miss Havisham

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens

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Approaching his fourteenth birthday means Pip must finally become Joe's apprentice, formalizing his future as a blacksmith—a fate he once would have accepted but now views as a trap. Miss Havisham summons them both to Satis House to formalize the apprenticeship, giving Joe twenty-five guineas as Pip's premium. The meeting is excruciating, as Joe refuses to speak directly to Miss Havisham or Pip, addressing all his comments to his hat, demonstrating how class difference can render even a good man inarticulate. Miss Havisham seems amused by Joe's awkwardness, turning the business transaction into another of her psychological entertainments. For Pip, the visit confirms his worst fears: Miss Havisham has no special plans for him, no intention of lifting him from his social position. The fantasy he'd been nurturing—that somehow his connection to Satis House would save him from being 'common'—collapses. The apprenticeship that should represent a secure future instead feels like a prison sentence, and the money that should be generous feels like payment for Pip's dismissal from the genteel world. Estella is away at school, receiving the education and refinement that Pip longs for but has no path to achieve, further emphasizing the unbridgeable gap between their stations.

Coming Up in Chapter 14

Pip's feelings about his humble home and Joe's trade have permanently changed. The shame of his background begins to eat away at him, creating a rift that will have lasting consequences for his most important relationship.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 2804 words)

T

was a trial to my feelings, on the next day but one, to see Joe
arraying himself in his Sunday clothes to accompany me to Miss
Havisham’s. However, as he thought his court-suit necessary to the
occasion, it was not for me to tell him that he looked far better in
his working-dress; the rather, because I knew he made himself so
dreadfully uncomfortable, entirely on my account, and that it was for
me he pulled up his shirt-collar so very high behind, that it made the
hair on the crown of his head stand up like a tuft of feathers.

At breakfast-time my sister declared her intention of going to town
with us, and being left at Uncle Pumblechook’s and called for “when we
had done with our fine ladies”—a way of putting the case, from which
Joe appeared inclined to augur the worst. The forge was shut up for the
day, and Joe inscribed in chalk upon the door (as it was his custom to
do on the very rare occasions when he was not at work)
the monosyllable
HOUT, accompanied by a sketch of an arrow supposed to be flying in the
direction he had taken.

We walked to town, my sister leading the way in a very large beaver
bonnet, and carrying a basket like the Great Seal of England in plaited
Straw, a pair of pattens, a spare shawl, and an umbrella, though it was
a fine bright day. I am not quite clear whether these articles were
carried penitentially or ostentatiously; but I rather think they were
displayed as articles of property,—much as Cleopatra or any other
sovereign lady on the Rampage might exhibit her wealth in a pageant or
procession.

When we came to Pumblechook’s, my sister bounced in and left us. As it
was almost noon, Joe and I held straight on to Miss Havisham’s house.
Estella opened the gate as usual, and, the moment she appeared, Joe
took his hat off and stood weighing it by the brim in both his hands;
as if he had some urgent reason in his mind for being particular to
half a quarter of an ounce.

Estella took no notice of either of us, but led us the way that I knew
so well. I followed next to her, and Joe came last. When I looked back
at Joe in the long passage, he was still weighing his hat with the
greatest care, and was coming after us in long strides on the tips of
his toes.

Estella told me we were both to go in, so I took Joe by the coat-cuff
and conducted him into Miss Havisham’s presence. She was seated at her
dressing-table, and looked round at us immediately.

“Oh!” said she to Joe. “You are the husband of the sister of this boy?”

I could hardly have imagined dear old Joe looking so unlike himself or
so like some extraordinary bird; standing as he did speechless, with
his tuft of feathers ruffled, and his mouth open as if he wanted a
worm.

“You are the husband,” repeated Miss Havisham, “of the sister of this
boy?”

It was very aggravating; but, throughout the interview, Joe persisted
in addressing Me instead of Miss Havisham.

“Which I meantersay, Pip,” Joe now observed in a manner that was at
once expressive of forcible argumentation, strict confidence, and great
politeness, “as I hup and married your sister, and I were at the time
what you might call (if you was anyways inclined) a single man.”

“Well!” said Miss Havisham. “And you have reared the boy, with the
intention of taking him for your apprentice; is that so, Mr. Gargery?”

“You know, Pip,” replied Joe, “as you and me were ever friends, and it
were looked for’ard to betwixt us, as being calc’lated to lead to
larks. Not but what, Pip, if you had ever made objections to the
business,—such as its being open to black and sut, or such-like,—not
but what they would have been attended to, don’t you see?”

“Has the boy,” said Miss Havisham, “ever made any objection? Does he
like the trade?”

“Which it is well beknown to yourself, Pip,” returned Joe,
strengthening his former mixture of argumentation, confidence, and
politeness, “that it were the wish of your own hart.” (I saw the idea
suddenly break upon him that he would adapt his epitaph to the
occasion, before he went on to say)
“And there weren’t no objection on
your part, and Pip it were the great wish of your hart!”

It was quite in vain for me to endeavour to make him sensible that he
ought to speak to Miss Havisham. The more I made faces and gestures to
him to do it, the more confidential, argumentative, and polite, he
persisted in being to Me.

“Have you brought his indentures with you?” asked Miss Havisham.

“Well, Pip, you know,” replied Joe, as if that were a little
unreasonable, “you yourself see me put ’em in my ’at, and therefore you
know as they are here.” With which he took them out, and gave them, not
to Miss Havisham, but to me. I am afraid I was ashamed of the dear good
fellow,—I know I was ashamed of him,—when I saw that Estella stood at
the back of Miss Havisham’s chair, and that her eyes laughed
mischievously. I took the indentures out of his hand and gave them to
Miss Havisham.

“You expected,” said Miss Havisham, as she looked them over, “no
premium with the boy?”

“Joe!” I remonstrated, for he made no reply at all. “Why don’t you
answer—”

“Pip,” returned Joe, cutting me short as if he were hurt, “which I
meantersay that were not a question requiring a answer betwixt yourself
and me, and which you know the answer to be full well No. You know it
to be No, Pip, and wherefore should I say it?”

Miss Havisham glanced at him as if she understood what he really was
better than I had thought possible, seeing what he was there; and took
up a little bag from the table beside her.

“Pip has earned a premium here,” she said, “and here it is. There are
five-and-twenty guineas in this bag. Give it to your master, Pip.”

As if he were absolutely out of his mind with the wonder awakened in
him by her strange figure and the strange room, Joe, even at this pass,
persisted in addressing me.

“This is wery liberal on your part, Pip,” said Joe, “and it is as such
received and grateful welcome, though never looked for, far nor near,
nor nowheres. And now, old chap,” said Joe, conveying to me a
sensation, first of burning and then of freezing, for I felt as if that
familiar expression were applied to Miss Havisham,—“and now, old chap,
may we do our duty! May you and me do our duty, both on us, by one and
another, and by them which your liberal present—have-conweyed—to be—for
the satisfaction of mind-of—them as never—” here Joe showed that he
felt he had fallen into frightful difficulties, until he triumphantly
rescued himself with the words, “and from myself far be it!” These
words had such a round and convincing sound for him that he said them
twice.

“Good-bye, Pip!” said Miss Havisham. “Let them out, Estella.”

“Am I to come again, Miss Havisham?” I asked.

“No. Gargery is your master now. Gargery! One word!”

Thus calling him back as I went out of the door, I heard her say to Joe
in a distinct emphatic voice, “The boy has been a good boy here, and
that is his reward. Of course, as an honest man, you will expect no
other and no more.”

How Joe got out of the room, I have never been able to determine; but I
know that when he did get out he was steadily proceeding upstairs
instead of coming down, and was deaf to all remonstrances until I went
after him and laid hold of him. In another minute we were outside the
gate, and it was locked, and Estella was gone. When we stood in the
daylight alone again, Joe backed up against a wall, and said to me,
“Astonishing!” And there he remained so long saying, “Astonishing” at
intervals, so often, that I began to think his senses were never coming
back. At length he prolonged his remark into “Pip, I do assure you
this is as-TON-ishing!” and so, by degrees, became conversational and
able to walk away.

I have reason to think that Joe’s intellects were brightened by the
encounter they had passed through, and that on our way to Pumblechook’s
he invented a subtle and deep design. My reason is to be found in what
took place in Mr. Pumblechook’s parlour: where, on our presenting
ourselves, my sister sat in conference with that detested seedsman.

“Well?” cried my sister, addressing us both at once. “And what’s
happened to you? I wonder you condescend to come back to such poor
society as this, I am sure I do!”

“Miss Havisham,” said Joe, with a fixed look at me, like an effort of
remembrance, “made it wery partick’ler that we should give her—were it
compliments or respects, Pip?”

“Compliments,” I said.

“Which that were my own belief,” answered Joe; “her compliments to Mrs.
J. Gargery—”

“Much good they’ll do me!” observed my sister; but rather gratified
too.

“And wishing,” pursued Joe, with another fixed look at me, like another
effort of remembrance, “that the state of Miss Havisham’s elth were
sitch as would have—allowed, were it, Pip?”

“Of her having the pleasure,” I added.

“Of ladies’ company,” said Joe. And drew a long breath.

“Well!” cried my sister, with a mollified glance at Mr. Pumblechook.
“She might have had the politeness to send that message at first, but
it’s better late than never. And what did she give young Rantipole
here?”

“She giv’ him,” said Joe, “nothing.”

Mrs. Joe was going to break out, but Joe went on.

“What she giv’,” said Joe, “she giv’ to his friends. ‘And by his
friends,’ were her explanation, ‘I mean into the hands of his sister
Mrs. J. Gargery.’ Them were her words; ‘Mrs. J. Gargery.’ She mayn’t
have know’d,” added Joe, with an appearance of reflection, “whether it
were Joe, or Jorge.”

My sister looked at Pumblechook: who smoothed the elbows of his wooden
arm-chair, and nodded at her and at the fire, as if he had known all
about it beforehand.

“And how much have you got?” asked my sister, laughing. Positively
laughing!

“What would present company say to ten pound?” demanded Joe.

“They’d say,” returned my sister, curtly, “pretty well. Not too much,
but pretty well.”

“It’s more than that, then,” said Joe.

That fearful Impostor, Pumblechook, immediately nodded, and said, as he
rubbed the arms of his chair, “It’s more than that, Mum.”

“Why, you don’t mean to say—” began my sister.

“Yes I do, Mum,” said Pumblechook; “but wait a bit. Go on, Joseph. Good
in you! Go on!”

“What would present company say,” proceeded Joe, “to twenty pound?”

“Handsome would be the word,” returned my sister.

“Well, then,” said Joe, “It’s more than twenty pound.”

That abject hypocrite, Pumblechook, nodded again, and said, with a
patronizing laugh, “It’s more than that, Mum. Good again! Follow her
up, Joseph!”

“Then to make an end of it,” said Joe, delightedly handing the bag to
my sister; “it’s five-and-twenty pound.”

“It’s five-and-twenty pound, Mum,” echoed that basest of swindlers,
Pumblechook, rising to shake hands with her; “and it’s no more than
your merits (as I said when my opinion was asked), and I wish you joy
of the money!”

If the villain had stopped here, his case would have been sufficiently
awful, but he blackened his guilt by proceeding to take me into
custody, with a right of patronage that left all his former criminality
far behind.

“Now you see, Joseph and wife,” said Pumblechook, as he took me by the
arm above the elbow, “I am one of them that always go right through
with what they’ve begun. This boy must be bound, out of hand. That’s
my way. Bound out of hand.”

“Goodness knows, Uncle Pumblechook,” said my sister (grasping the
money)
, “we’re deeply beholden to you.”

“Never mind me, Mum,” returned that diabolical cornchandler. “A
pleasure’s a pleasure all the world over. But this boy, you know; we
must have him bound. I said I’d see to it—to tell you the truth.”

The Justices were sitting in the Town Hall near at hand, and we at once
went over to have me bound apprentice to Joe in the Magisterial
presence. I say we went over, but I was pushed over by Pumblechook,
exactly as if I had that moment picked a pocket or fired a rick;
indeed, it was the general impression in Court that I had been taken
red-handed; for, as Pumblechook shoved me before him through the crowd,
I heard some people say, “What’s he done?” and others, “He’s a young
’un, too, but looks bad, don’t he?” One person of mild and benevolent
aspect even gave me a tract ornamented with a woodcut of a malevolent
young man fitted up with a perfect sausage-shop of fetters, and
entitled TO BE READ IN MY CELL.

The Hall was a queer place, I thought, with higher pews in it than a
church,—and with people hanging over the pews looking on,—and with
mighty Justices (one with a powdered head) leaning back in chairs, with
folded arms, or taking snuff, or going to sleep, or writing, or reading
the newspapers,—and with some shining black portraits on the walls,
which my unartistic eye regarded as a composition of hardbake and
sticking-plaster. Here, in a corner my indentures were duly signed and
attested, and I was “bound”; Mr. Pumblechook holding me all the while
as if we had looked in on our way to the scaffold, to have those little
preliminaries disposed of.

When we had come out again, and had got rid of the boys who had been
put into great spirits by the expectation of seeing me publicly
tortured, and who were much disappointed to find that my friends were
merely rallying round me, we went back to Pumblechook’s. And there my
sister became so excited by the twenty-five guineas, that nothing would
serve her but we must have a dinner out of that windfall at the Blue
Boar, and that Pumblechook must go over in his chaise-cart, and bring
the Hubbles and Mr. Wopsle.

It was agreed to be done; and a most melancholy day I passed. For, it
inscrutably appeared to stand to reason, in the minds of the whole
company, that I was an excrescence on the entertainment. And to make it
worse, they all asked me from time to time,—in short, whenever they had
nothing else to do,—why I didn’t enjoy myself? And what could I
possibly do then, but say I was enjoying myself,—when I wasn’t!

However, they were grown up and had their own way, and they made the
most of it. That swindling Pumblechook, exalted into the beneficent
contriver of the whole occasion, actually took the top of the table;
and, when he addressed them on the subject of my being bound, and had
fiendishly congratulated them on my being liable to imprisonment if I
played at cards, drank strong liquors, kept late hours or bad company,
or indulged in other vagaries which the form of my indentures appeared
to contemplate as next to inevitable, he placed me standing on a chair
beside him to illustrate his remarks.

My only other remembrances of the great festival are, That they
wouldn’t let me go to sleep, but whenever they saw me dropping off,
woke me up and told me to enjoy myself. That, rather late in the
evening Mr. Wopsle gave us Collins’s ode, and threw his bloodstained
sword in thunder down, with such effect, that a waiter came in and
said, “The Commercials underneath sent up their compliments, and it
wasn’t the Tumblers’ Arms.” That, they were all in excellent spirits on
the road home, and sang, O Lady Fair! Mr. Wopsle taking the bass, and
asserting with a tremendously strong voice (in reply to the inquisitive
bore who leads that piece of music in a most impertinent manner, by
wanting to know all about everybody’s private affairs)
that he was
the man with his white locks flowing, and that he was upon the whole
the weakest pilgrim going.

Finally, I remember that when I got into my little bedroom, I was truly
wretched, and had a strong conviction on me that I should never like
Joe’s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Shame Spiral

The Shame Spiral - When Exposure Changes Everything

This chapter reveals a devastating pattern: when we're exposed to a higher social class or different world, we can suddenly become ashamed of the very people and circumstances that shaped us with love. Pip's mortification at Joe's awkwardness isn't about Joe doing anything wrong—it's about Pip seeing his world through new eyes and finding it wanting. The mechanism is brutal in its simplicity. Exposure creates comparison. Comparison breeds shame. Shame drives rejection. Pip has glimpsed wealth and refinement at Satis House, and now Joe's honest nervousness feels embarrassing instead of endearing. The same qualities that once represented security and love—Joe's simple goodness, his working-class manners—now feel like obstacles to the life Pip suddenly wants. It's not that Joe has changed; it's that Pip's reference point has shifted. This pattern plays out everywhere today. The CNA who goes back to school and suddenly feels embarrassed by her family's grammar. The first-generation college student who stops bringing friends home because the house feels too small. The person who gets promoted and starts avoiding their old work friends because they seem 'unprofessional.' The kid who makes it out of the neighborhood and then acts like they don't know where they came from. Each time, the shame isn't really about the people or place—it's about the gap between where you started and where you think you're going. When you recognize this pattern emerging, pause before you let shame drive your choices. Ask yourself: What exactly am I ashamed of? Is it something genuinely harmful, or just different from where I'm headed? The people who loved you before your exposure to something 'better' aren't automatically less valuable. Growth doesn't require abandoning your roots—it requires integrating them wisely. You can honor where you came from while still moving toward where you're going. When you can name the pattern, predict where it leads, and navigate it successfully—that's amplified intelligence.

When exposure to a different social level makes us ashamed of our origins, even when those origins represent genuine love and goodness.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Recognizing Class Shame Spirals

This chapter teaches how to identify when exposure to 'higher' social circles triggers shame about your background rather than genuine growth.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you feel embarrassed by family or old friends around new people—ask yourself if the shame is about something actually harmful or just different social codes.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"I am not quite clear whether these articles were carried penitentially or ostentatiously; but, I rather think they were displayed as articles of property—much as clowns in the circus display theirs."

— Narrator

Context: Pip describes his sister's elaborate preparations for the trip to town

This reveals Pip's growing critical eye toward his family's behavior. He's starting to see them as performing respectability rather than naturally possessing it, which shows his changing perspective.

In Today's Words:

I couldn't tell if she was showing off or just being extra, but it felt like she was putting on a show.

"Which I meantersay, Pip, as I heerd her say, and which I meantersay, as I stand or fall by, as there warn't no objections on her part, and Pip it were the great wish of your hart!"

— Joe Gargery

Context: Joe nervously trying to explain the apprenticeship arrangement to Miss Havisham

Joe's garbled speech shows his extreme nervousness around upper-class people. His genuine love for Pip shines through despite his awkwardness, making Pip's embarrassment more painful.

In Today's Words:

What I'm trying to say is, she agreed to it, and Pip, this is what you really wanted!

"I had believed in the forge as the glowing road to manhood and independence. Within a single year all this was changed. Now, it was all coarse and common."

— Narrator

Context: Pip reflecting on how his perspective has changed after exposure to Satis House

This captures the devastating moment when exposure to wealth makes someone ashamed of their origins. Pip's former dreams now seem beneath him, marking a fundamental shift in his values.

In Today's Words:

I used to think working with my hands was the path to success. Now it just seemed low-class and embarrassing.

Thematic Threads

Class Consciousness

In This Chapter

Pip becomes painfully aware of class differences through Joe's discomfort at Satis House and his own embarrassment

Development

Evolved from mere curiosity about wealth to active shame about his own social position

In Your Life:

You might feel this when you're the first in your family to enter a professional environment and suddenly notice how differently your relatives speak or dress.

Identity Shift

In This Chapter

Pip realizes he no longer wants to be a blacksmith, marking his rejection of his predetermined path

Development

Built from his initial fascination with Estella and Satis House to this decisive moment of wanting something different

In Your Life:

This happens when you realize the life everyone expected for you no longer fits who you're becoming.

Ingratitude

In This Chapter

Pip feels burdened by the celebration dinner held in his honor, unable to appreciate others' joy for his future

Development

Growing from his initial dissatisfaction with his circumstances to active resentment of his benefactors

In Your Life:

You might recognize this when you feel annoyed by family members celebrating your achievements because their excitement feels 'beneath' your new aspirations.

Social Performance

In This Chapter

Joe's painful inability to speak directly to Miss Havisham, only addressing Pip, shows how class anxiety affects behavior

Development

Introduced here as a new dimension of how social hierarchies create artificial barriers

In Your Life:

This shows up when you find yourself or others acting differently around people perceived as 'higher status,' losing natural authenticity.

Alienation

In This Chapter

Pip ends the chapter alone in his room, psychologically separated from Joe and his former life despite physical proximity

Development

The culmination of growing distance from his origins, now crystallized into conscious rejection

In Your Life:

You experience this when success or new opportunities make you feel like a stranger in your own family or community.

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    Why does Joe become so awkward when speaking to Miss Havisham, and how does this affect Pip?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    What causes Pip's sudden shift from loving Joe to feeling ashamed of him?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Where do you see people today becoming embarrassed by family or friends after exposure to a 'higher' social class?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    How could Pip have handled his conflicted feelings without rejecting Joe and his background?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does this chapter reveal about how exposure to different worlds can change our relationships with the people who love us?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Rewrite the Scene from Joe's Perspective

Imagine you're Joe walking into Miss Havisham's grand house. Write a short paragraph describing what you see, feel, and think during this awkward visit. Focus on Joe's genuine emotions and his love for Pip, even as he struggles with the unfamiliar social situation.

Consider:

  • •Joe knows he's out of his element but goes anyway for Pip's sake
  • •His nervousness comes from love and wanting to do right by Pip
  • •He sees Pip's embarrassment but doesn't fully understand why

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you felt caught between two different worlds or social groups. How did you handle the tension? What would you do differently now?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 14: The Shame of Home

Pip's feelings about his humble home and Joe's trade have permanently changed. The shame of his background begins to eat away at him, creating a rift that will have lasting consequences for his most important relationship.

Continue to Chapter 14
Previous
Living with Guilt and Expectations
Contents
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The Shame of Home

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