Fathers and Sons

ince that time six months have passed, and there has fallen upon the
country a "white" winter--a winter of clear, keen, motionless frosts,
of deep, crackling snow, of pink-rimed trees, of pale-emerald heavens,
of smoke-capped chimneys, of puffs of vapour from momentarily opened
doors, of faces fresh and hard-bitten, of horses galloping headlong
to thaw their frozen limbs. It is now the close of a January day,
and the increasing chill of evening is nipping the still air in an
ever-tightening vice as the sun sinks downward into a sea of red.

But in the windows of Marino there are lights burning, and Prokofitch,
vested in a black tail-coat, a pair of white gloves, and a peculiar
atmosphere of solemnity, is laying the table with seven covers. This
is because a week ago there were solemnised in the tiny church of
the parish--solemnised quietly, almost without a witness--two sets
of nuptials: the nuptials of Arkady and Katia and those of Nikolai
Petrovitch and Thenichka. And to-day Nikolai Petrovitch is offering his
brother a farewell dinner, for the reason that Paul is on the point of
departing for Moscow, whither Anna Sergievna has already removed after
bestowing upon the younger of the two couples a handsome dowry.

At three o'clock precisely the company gathers around the board.
Mitia too is present with his niania (in nurse's cap), while Paul
Petrovitch is seated between Katia and Thenichka, and the bridegrooms
are ranged one on either side of their newly-wedded spouses. A change
has taken place in our old acquaintances since last we saw them--they
have improved, as regards the younger ones, both in appearance and in
sedateness of demeanour. Only Paul Petrovitch looks thinner; though
the circumstance imparts, if anything, an added touch of refinement and
"grand-seignorishness" to his always expressive features. Thenichka,
in particular, is a different person from what she was. Clad in a
brand-new silken gown, and wearing a broad velvet band over her hair
and a necklace around her throat, she holds herself with an immovable
dignity, yet also with an immovable deference towards her surroundings.
And meanwhile she smiles, as much as to say: "Pardon me, but I am not
responsible for this"; while the others respond with similar smiles,
as though they too would be glad to excuse themselves for their share
in the proceedings. Yet the fact that on every one present sits a
touch of gravity and embarrassment becomes the company no less than
do their other characteristics. Everywhere, too, there is to be seen
such an anxious solicitude for mutual wants that the company could seem
unanimously to be playing some simple-minded comedy; and though, of
the guests, the quietest is Katia, it is plain, from her confidence of
bearing, that, as a daughter-in-law, she has found favour in the eyes
of Nikaiai Petrovitch.

At length the meal comes to an end, and Nikolai, rising and grasping a
wine-glass, addresses Paul Petrovitch:

"Dearest brother, you are about to leave us. Yes, you are about to
leave us. But not for long must you be absent, since I, for one, could
never express to you how much I, how much I--that is to say, how much
we But, to tell you the truth, I am not good at making a speech.
Arkady, to you I depute the task."

"But I am not ready, Papa."

"Neither am I. However, Paul, I embrace you, and wish you every joy,
and beg of you to return to us soon."

Whereupon Paul Petrovitch exchanges greetings all round (not excluding
little Mitia), and, in particular, kisses Thenichka's hand (which she
has not learnt to offer in the right way), drinks a twice-filled glass
to the company at large, and says with a profound sigh: "May you all
be happy, my friends! Farewell![1]" And though the English terminal
flourish passes unnoticed, every one is touched with the benediction
which has preceded it.

"Yes, and I drink to the memory of Bazarov," whispers Katia to her
husband as she clinks glasses with him: but though, in response, he
squeezes her hand, he decides not to propose the toast in public.

* * * * *

And here, apparently, there ought to follow the word Finis; but since
some of my readers may care to know how each of the characters in the
book is faring at the present day, I will satisfy that curiosity.

To take Anna Sergievna first, she has married--not for love, nor yet
out of a sense of duty--a rising young statesman who is an intelligent
legislator, a severely practical thinker, a man of strong will and
eloquence, and a lover with a temperament as cold as ice. Nevertheless
the pair reside on amicable terms, and may, in time, attain to
happiness--nay, even to love.

As for the Princess, she is dead, and her memory perished with her.

The Kirsanovs, father and son, are settled at Marino, and appear to be
righting their industrial affairs, in that Arkady has developed into a
capable manager, and the estate now brings in a fair income. Nikolai
Petrovitch, too, is constant in his endeavours to make peace on the
property, and, riding systematically round it, delivers long speeches
in the belief that only need the peasantry be "reasoned with"--that is
to say, plied with the same words over and over again--for the muzhik
gradually to become a tractable animal. Yet Nikolai earns the approval
neither of the educated gentry, who speak with affected jauntiness of
the coming "'mancipation"[2] (they invariably give the syllable "an" a
nasal inflection), nor of those uneducated landowners who roundly curse
what they term "that ----'muncipation." In other words, for both
classes Nikolai Petrovitch is too "mild."

Katerina Sergievna has had a son born to her, and named him Kolia;
Mitia is now a big, active, volubly lisping boy; and Thenichka (rather,
Theodosia Nikolaievna) adores her daughter-in-law only less than her
husband and Mitia. In fact, that adoration reaches the point that,
should Katia sit down to the piano, Thenichka cannot leave her though
the playing continue all day.

Then a word concerning Peter the valet. As much a lump of mingled
stupidity and conceit as ever, he still pronounces his e's as u's, but
has taken unto himself a wife, and, with her, a respectable dowry. The
daughter of a market gardener of the neighbouring town, she had already
refused two eligible partis solely on the ground that they did not
possess watches! But Peter possesses not only a watch, but also a pair
of patent leather pumps.

Again, any day on the Brühl Terrace, in Dresden, you may meet, between
two and four o'clock in the afternoon (the fashionable hour for a
promenade), a man of about fifty. Grey-headed, and afflicted with gout,
yet still handsome, he is elegantly dressed, and stamped with that air
of good breeding which comes only of long association with elevated
strata of society. That man is Paul Petrovitch. Having left Moscow for
foreign parts for his health's sake, he has settled in Dresden for
the reason that there he possesses the largest number of English and
nomad-Russian acquaintances. Towards the former he bears himself with
simplicity, and almost with modesty, but with a touch of hauteur;
and, in return, the English look upon him as a trifle tedious, but
respect him on the score of his being "quite a gentleman." In the
presence of the Russian element, however, Paul Petrovitch is more
free and easy--he gives rein unstintedly to his sarcasm, and rallies
both his compatriots and himself. Yet from him such things come
pleasantly, and with a gay insouciance, and in a becoming manner;
while, in addition, he holds Slavophil views--views which (as we all
know) invariably induce the great world to rate their holder a person
très distingué. True, never by any chance does Paul read a Russian
book; yet by way of compensation, there stands on his writing-table
a silver ash-tray shaped like a muzhik's clog. Moreover, from some
of our Russian tourists he receives considerable attention when they
happen to be passing through the town; and even our old friend Matvei
Ilyitch Koliazin, on finding himself "in temporary opposition," has
paid him a visit while en route to Bohemia for a course of the
waters. In fact, the only persons who show Paul no deference at all are
the native Germans, whose society he does not greatly cultivate. Yet
even they agree that, in the matter of obtaining tickets for the Court
Chapel or the theatre and so forth, none is so clever, so dexterous, as
"der Herr Baron von Kirsanov." In fact, always does he do "the right
thing" so far as he is able; and even yet he can create some stir,
owing to the fact that he has once, and to good purpose, been a social
lion. Yet life presses upon him not a little heavily--more heavily
than he himself is aware. Merely need one look at him as, huddled
against the aisle wall of the Russian church, he sits plunged in
thought, with his lips bitterly compressed, and continues sitting there
until, remembering his surroundings, he makes, almost imperceptibly,
the sign of the cross. In similar fashion, Madame Kukshin has gone
abroad--in her case, to Heidelberg, where she is engaged in studying,
not natural science, but architecture--a branch wherein she has,
according to herself, "discovered several new laws." Also, still she
is hail-fellow-well-met with students, more especially with some of
those Russian physicists and chemists who swarm in Heidelberg, and who,
though at first flabbergasting the simple-minded German professors with
the moderation of their views, subsequently proceed to flabbergast
those professors with the wholeheartedness of their sloth. In fact, it
is of two or three of those chemistry students who, though unable to
distinguish even oxygen from azote, are yet charged to the brim with
conceit and the spirit of "denial," that Madame Kukshin's circle is
chiefly composed.

Similarly, friend Sitnikov is preparing to become a great man. For
which purpose he is flaunting it in St. Petersburg, and (to quote
his own expression) "carrying on the work of the late Bazarov."
True, rumour declares that some one has recently given him a second
thrashing; as also that he (Sitnikov) has declined to face the
music--rather, that he has preferred to hint in an obscure article in
an equally obscure newspaper that his assailant is the coward; but to
this report Sitnikov merely attaches the epithet "ironical." For the
rest, his father continues to send him remittances, while his wife
accounts him equally a littérateur and a fool.

Lastly, in a remote corner of Russia there lies a little country
cemetery. Like most cemeteries of the kind, it is depressing of aspect.
Over its fences dense masses of weed have grown, its drab wooden
crosses are rickety and turning mouldy under their blistered, painted
canopies, its stone paths have lost their alignment, and look as though
some one has displaced them from below, its two or three ragged trees
diffuse only the scantiest of shade, and sheep wander unhindered over
its tombs. But among those tombs there lies a grave which no man
molests and no animal tramples upon: only the birds perch upon it and
sing as evening falls. For around that grave stands an iron railing,
and at its head and foot are planted two young fir trees. It is the
grave of Evgenii Vasilitch Bazarov. Occasionally from the neighbouring
manor-house there come two aged and decrepit folk, a man and his wife.
Supporting one another with a step which ever grows heavier, they
approach the railing, sink upon their knees, and weep long, bitter
tears as they gaze at the dumb headstone where their son lies sleeping.
Then they exchange a word or two, dust the stone with assiduous care,
lay upon it a sprig of fir, and offer a last petition. Yet even then
they can scarce bear to tear themselves from the spot where they can
draw nearest to their son, and to their memories of him.

But are those tears, those prayers, all fruitless? Is that love, that
hallowed, selfless love, of theirs to be wholly unavailing? No, no,
and a thousand times no! For, though the heart which lies within that
tomb may have been passionate and wild and erring, the flowers which
bloom in that spot contemplate us with eyes of naught but peace and
innocence, and speak to us of naught but the eternal, mighty calm of
"unheeding" nature, as an image of the Eternal Reconciliation, and of
the Life which shall have no End.

[1] In the text this word is given in English.

[2] i.e. the emancipation of the serfs, which was carried out in 1861.

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