Summary
Don Quixote rides in deep melancholy, obsessing over Dulcinea's transformation and letting his horse wander aimlessly. Sancho tries to snap him out of it, pointing out that excessive brooding turns men into beasts. Their conversation reveals Don Quixote's complete delusion about Dulcinea's appearance - he's so enchanted by his own fantasy that he corrects Sancho's description of her ugliness, insisting her eyes must be emeralds, not pearls. When they encounter a cart full of costumed actors performing 'The Cortes of Death,' Don Quixote initially prepares for battle, seeing Death, devils, and emperors as real threats. The lead actor, dressed as a devil, calmly explains they're just traveling between performances. Don Quixote accepts this graciously, but when a jester with bladders startles Rocinante and steals Sancho's donkey, he's ready to fight again. Sancho wisely counsels against attacking actors, who are protected and favored by society. Don Quixote realizes he cannot fight non-knights anyway, and when the donkey returns safely, he agrees to let the matter go. This episode shows how depression and obsession cloud judgment, while also demonstrating the value of having a practical friend who can distinguish between real problems and imaginary ones. Sancho's wisdom about choosing battles and his master's rare moment of restraint suggest growth in their partnership.
Coming Up in Chapter 84
The very next day brings an encounter with the mysterious Knight of the Mirrors, whose identity and purpose will challenge Don Quixote in ways he never expected. This meeting will force our hero to confront uncomfortable truths about his quest.
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An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
OF THE STRANGE ADVENTURE WHICH THE VALIANT DON QUIXOTE HAD WITH THE CAR OR CART OF “THE CORTES OF DEATH” Dejected beyond measure did Don Quixote pursue his journey, turning over in his mind the cruel trick the enchanters had played him in changing his lady Dulcinea into the vile shape of the village lass, nor could he think of any way of restoring her to her original form; and these reflections so absorbed him, that without being aware of it he let go Rocinante’s bridle, and he, perceiving the liberty that was granted him, stopped at every step to crop the fresh grass with which the plain abounded. Sancho recalled him from his reverie. “Melancholy, señor,” said he, “was made, not for beasts, but for men; but if men give way to it overmuch they turn to beasts; control yourself, your worship; be yourself again; gather up Rocinante’s reins; cheer up, rouse yourself and show that gallant spirit that knights-errant ought to have. What the devil is this? What weakness is this? Are we here or in France? The devil fly away with all the Dulcineas in the world; for the well-being of a single knight-errant is of more consequence than all the enchantments and transformations on earth.” “Hush, Sancho,” said Don Quixote in a weak and faint voice, “hush and utter no blasphemies against that enchanted lady; for I alone am to blame for her misfortune and hard fate; her calamity has come of the hatred the wicked bear me.” “So say I,” returned Sancho; “his heart rend in twain, I trow, who saw her once, to see her now.” “Thou mayest well say that, Sancho,” replied Don Quixote, “as thou sawest her in the full perfection of her beauty; for the enchantment does not go so far as to pervert thy vision or hide her loveliness from thee; against me alone and against my eyes is the strength of its venom directed. Nevertheless, there is one thing which has occurred to me, and that is that thou didst ill describe her beauty to me, for, as well as I recollect, thou saidst that her eyes were pearls; but eyes that are like pearls are rather the eyes of a sea-bream than of a lady, and I am persuaded that Dulcinea’s must be green emeralds, full and soft, with two rainbows for eyebrows; take away those pearls from her eyes and transfer them to her teeth; for beyond a doubt, Sancho, thou hast taken the one for the other, the eyes for the teeth.” “Very likely,” said Sancho; “for her beauty bewildered me as much as her ugliness did your worship; but let us leave it all to God, who alone knows what is to happen in this vale of tears, in this evil world of ours, where there is hardly a thing to be found without some mixture of wickedness, roguery, and rascality. But one thing, señor, troubles me more than all the rest, and that is...
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Protective Delusion
The mind automatically filters reality to protect cherished beliefs, even when this protection causes greater harm than facing the truth.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when your mind automatically 'corrects' uncomfortable information to protect cherished beliefs.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you find yourself explaining away consistent feedback or 'correcting' what others observe about your situation—that's your protective delusion system at work.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Knight-errant
A wandering knight who traveled seeking adventures to prove his honor and help others. These knights followed a code of chivalry that demanded they protect the innocent and fight injustice. Don Quixote believes he is one, even though the age of knights is long past.
Modern Usage:
We see this in people who take on causes or try to fix problems that aren't really theirs to solve, like the coworker who always jumps into office drama to 'help.'
Melancholy
In Cervantes' time, melancholy was considered one of four bodily humors that could overwhelm a person, causing deep sadness and obsessive thinking. It was thought to make people withdraw from reality and become fixated on their troubles.
Modern Usage:
Today we'd call this depression or getting stuck in a negative thought spiral where you can't stop obsessing over what went wrong.
Enchantment
Don Quixote believes evil wizards cast spells to make things appear different than they really are. He uses this to explain away any reality that doesn't match his fantasies, especially about his beloved Dulcinea.
Modern Usage:
This is like when people blame external forces for their problems instead of facing reality - 'the system is rigged against me' or 'everyone's out to get me.'
The Cortes of Death
A popular medieval morality play where Death appears alongside devils, angels, and earthly rulers to show that death comes for everyone regardless of status. Traveling actors performed these plays in towns across Spain.
Modern Usage:
Like modern movies or TV shows that deal with heavy themes - think of how 'The Walking Dead' uses zombies to explore what really matters in life.
Chivalric code
The rules knights were supposed to follow: protect the weak, defend honor, serve God, and treat women with reverence. Don Quixote tries to live by these outdated rules in a world that has moved on.
Modern Usage:
Similar to people who rigidly follow old-fashioned rules of politeness or masculinity that don't fit modern situations, like always insisting on paying for dinner even when it makes others uncomfortable.
Delusion
A false belief that persists despite clear evidence to the contrary. Don Quixote's delusions about Dulcinea's beauty and his own knightly status drive most of his adventures and misadventures.
Modern Usage:
We see this when people refuse to accept obvious truths about relationships, jobs, or their abilities, like someone convinced their ex will come back despite clear signs it's over.
Characters in This Chapter
Don Quixote
Delusional protagonist
He's sunk in depression over Dulcinea's supposed transformation, letting his horse wander while he obsesses. When he encounters the actors, he initially sees them as real threats but shows rare restraint by not attacking them when he learns they're just performers.
Modern Equivalent:
The person who gets so depressed they can't function normally, but still tries to be the hero in every situation
Sancho Panza
Practical companion and voice of reason
He tries to snap Don Quixote out of his depression with tough love, pointing out that excessive brooding turns men into beasts. He also wisely counsels against fighting the actors, showing his growing wisdom about picking battles.
Modern Equivalent:
The best friend who tells you hard truths and keeps you grounded when you're spiraling
The Devil actor
Leader of the theater troupe
Dressed as a devil with horns and frightening costume, he calmly explains to Don Quixote that they're just actors traveling between performances. His reasonable response helps defuse a potentially violent situation.
Modern Equivalent:
The person in a scary costume at Halloween who has to reassure confused kids that they're just pretending
The jester with bladders
Mischievous performer
He startles Rocinante with inflated bladders and briefly steals Sancho's donkey as a prank. His actions nearly provoke Don Quixote to violence, showing how quickly situations can escalate over misunderstandings.
Modern Equivalent:
The coworker who plays practical jokes that sometimes go too far and almost cause real problems
Key Quotes & Analysis
"Melancholy, señor, was made, not for beasts, but for men; but if men give way to it overmuch they turn to beasts"
Context: Sancho says this when Don Quixote is so depressed he's not even controlling his horse
This shows Sancho's growing wisdom about mental health. He recognizes that while sadness is human, wallowing in it makes us lose our humanity and ability to function. It's practical psychology from an uneducated man.
In Today's Words:
It's normal to feel sad, but if you let depression take over completely, you stop being yourself
"The devil fly away with all the Dulcineas in the world; for the well-being of a single knight-errant is of more consequence than all the enchantments and transformations on earth"
Context: Sancho is trying to get Don Quixote to stop obsessing over Dulcinea and take care of himself
Sancho prioritizes his friend's mental health over the fantasy that's destroying him. It's a moment of tough love where he's willing to 'blaspheme' against Don Quixote's sacred delusion to save him from self-destruction.
In Today's Words:
Forget about her - your own well-being matters more than this obsession that's eating you alive
"We are strolling players, sir; this afternoon we performed the play of 'The Cortes of Death' in a village behind that hill, and this evening we have to perform it in that village which you can see from here"
Context: The actor explains to Don Quixote why they're dressed in frightening costumes
This shows how calmly explaining reality can defuse even the most volatile situations. The actor doesn't mock Don Quixote's confusion but simply provides the facts, treating him with dignity despite his obvious delusions.
In Today's Words:
We're just actors, sir. We did a show this afternoon and we're heading to another one tonight
Thematic Threads
Reality vs Fantasy
In This Chapter
Don Quixote corrects Sancho's accurate description of Dulcinea, insisting on his idealized version despite evidence
Development
Deepening—his delusions now actively override direct testimony from his most trusted companion
In Your Life:
You might find yourself explaining away criticism at work rather than considering if there's truth in it
Depression and Obsession
In This Chapter
Don Quixote rides in deep melancholy, letting his horse wander aimlessly while brooding
Development
New focus—showing how mental state affects decision-making and perception of threats
In Your Life:
When you're depressed or obsessing, you might see problems everywhere or miss real opportunities
Practical Wisdom
In This Chapter
Sancho counsels against fighting actors, explaining they're protected and favored by society
Development
Evolving—Sancho's advice becomes more sophisticated, considering social and legal consequences
In Your Life:
You might need to choose your battles carefully, especially when dealing with people who have institutional protection
Social Class
In This Chapter
Don Quixote realizes he cannot fight non-knights, showing his rigid class-based worldview
Development
Consistent—his chivalric code continues to dictate who he can engage with as equals
In Your Life:
You might find yourself limited by unspoken rules about who you can challenge or confront in different social situations
Growth Through Restraint
In This Chapter
Don Quixote chooses not to pursue the actors, showing rare self-control and practical judgment
Development
New development—first time he actively chooses restraint based on practical rather than chivalric reasons
In Your Life:
Sometimes the wisest action is no action, especially when you're emotionally charged and might make things worse
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
How does Don Quixote react when Sancho describes Dulcinea's actual appearance, and what does this reveal about how he protects his beliefs?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Don Quixote 'correct' Sancho's description of Dulcinea's eyes, insisting they must be emeralds instead of pearls?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see this pattern of 'correcting' uncomfortable truths in modern workplaces, relationships, or families?
application • medium - 4
How can someone build the kind of relationship with reality-checkers that Don Quixote has with Sancho, without feeling attacked or defensive?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter teach us about the difference between hope and delusion, and when protective beliefs become harmful?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Reality Check Audit
Think of a situation where you consistently get feedback you don't want to hear—about your work performance, a relationship, or a personal habit. Write down the actual feedback you've received, then write down how you typically explain it away or 'correct' it. Finally, identify one trusted person who could help you see this situation more clearly.
Consider:
- •Notice the difference between your explanations and the consistent feedback you receive
- •Consider what you might be protecting yourself from seeing or feeling
- •Think about whether your protective explanations are actually helping or hurting you long-term
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when someone's honest feedback initially hurt but ultimately helped you grow. What made you able to hear and accept that truth?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 84: The Knight of Mirrors Appears
Moving forward, we'll examine to recognize when life is like theater - we all play roles that don't define our true worth, and understand shared suffering can create instant bonds between strangers. These insights bridge the gap between classic literature and modern experience.