Summary
Levin throws himself into the physical labor of mowing hay alongside his peasant workers, finding unexpected peace in the rhythmic, mindless work. As he swings his scythe in time with the experienced mowers, his anxieties about Kitty, his farm, and his place in the world temporarily fade away. The repetitive motion becomes almost meditative, connecting him to something primal and honest about human labor. This chapter shows Levin's ongoing struggle to find meaning and belonging - he's a wealthy landowner who feels disconnected from both his social class and the working people on his estate. The physical work offers him a temporary escape from his overthinking mind, but also reveals his romanticized view of peasant life. While the workers see mowing as just another day's labor, Levin experiences it as almost spiritual. This disconnect highlights the gap between his privileged position and his desire for authentic connection to the land and its people. The chapter explores themes of class, authenticity, and the search for purpose that run throughout the novel. Levin's need to prove himself through manual labor reflects his deeper insecurity about his worth and identity. His temporary contentment while mowing suggests he finds meaning in simple, honest work, but the question remains whether this is a genuine solution to his restlessness or just another form of escapism. The scene beautifully captures the tension between intellectual overthinking and the peace that can come from losing oneself in physical activity.
Coming Up in Chapter 43
Levin's peaceful day of mowing comes to an end, but the lessons he's learned about work and simplicity will soon be tested when he returns to the complexities of his regular life. Meanwhile, other characters' dramas continue to unfold in ways that will reshape everyone's future.
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An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
Alexey Alexandrovitch had seen nothing striking or improper in the fact that his wife was sitting with Vronsky at a table apart, in eager conversation with him about something. But he noticed that to the rest of the party this appeared something striking and improper, and for that reason it seemed to him too to be improper. He made up his mind that he must speak of it to his wife. On reaching home Alexey Alexandrovitch went to his study, as he usually did, seated himself in his low chair, opened a book on the Papacy at the place where he had laid the paper-knife in it, and read till one o’clock, just as he usually did. But from time to time he rubbed his high forehead and shook his head, as though to drive away something. At his usual time he got up and made his toilet for the night. Anna Arkadyevna had not yet come in. With a book under his arm he went upstairs. But this evening, instead of his usual thoughts and meditations upon official details, his thoughts were absorbed by his wife and something disagreeable connected with her. Contrary to his usual habit, he did not get into bed, but fell to walking up and down the rooms with his hands clasped behind his back. He could not go to bed, feeling that it was absolutely needful for him first to think thoroughly over the position that had just arisen. When Alexey Alexandrovitch had made up his mind that he must talk to his wife about it, it had seemed a very easy and simple matter. But now, when he began to think over the question that had just presented itself, it seemed to him very complicated and difficult. Alexey Alexandrovitch was not jealous. Jealousy according to his notions was an insult to one’s wife, and one ought to have confidence in one’s wife. Why one ought to have confidence—that is to say, complete conviction that his young wife would always love him—he did not ask himself. But he had no experience of lack of confidence, because he had confidence in her, and told himself that he ought to have it. Now, though his conviction that jealousy was a shameful feeling and that one ought to feel confidence, had not broken down, he felt that he was standing face to face with something illogical and irrational, and did not know what was to be done. Alexey Alexandrovitch was standing face to face with life, with the possibility of his wife’s loving someone other than himself, and this seemed to him very irrational and incomprehensible because it was life itself. All his life Alexey Alexandrovitch had lived and worked in official spheres, having to do with the reflection of life. And every time he had stumbled against life itself he had shrunk away from it. Now he experienced a feeling akin to that of a man who, while calmly crossing a precipice by a bridge, should...
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Borrowed Purpose
Seeking meaning by romanticizing and temporarily adopting someone else's life or work when feeling lost in your own.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how we often channel difficult emotions into seemingly unrelated activities instead of addressing their source.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you suddenly feel compelled to reorganize, deep-clean, or take on extra tasks - ask yourself what feeling you might be avoiding.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Scythe
A long-handled farming tool with a curved blade used to cut grass or grain. In Tolstoy's time, this was the primary method for harvesting hay before machinery took over. The rhythm and technique required years to master.
Modern Usage:
We still see this pattern when people find peace in repetitive physical tasks like chopping wood, gardening, or even washing dishes by hand.
Peasant Labor
The backbreaking farm work done by Russia's rural poor, who made up 80% of the population. These workers had intimate knowledge of the land but lived in poverty while wealthy landowners like Levin profited from their efforts.
Modern Usage:
Today we see this in how office workers romanticize blue-collar jobs, or how wealthy people pay premium prices for 'authentic' farm-to-table experiences.
Class Guilt
The uncomfortable feeling wealthy people get when they recognize their privilege and try to prove they're 'real' by doing working-class activities. Levin feels guilty about his easy life and wants to earn respect through manual labor.
Modern Usage:
This shows up when rich kids work minimum-wage jobs to 'find themselves' or when executives do charity work to feel better about their wealth.
Meditative Labor
Physical work that becomes almost spiritual through repetition and focus. The mind stops overthinking and finds peace in simple, rhythmic movements. Levin discovers this accidentally while mowing.
Modern Usage:
We see this in mindfulness trends, meditation apps, and why people find knitting, running, or cooking therapeutic.
Landowner
In 19th-century Russia, wealthy men who owned vast estates worked by peasants. They lived off the land's profits but often felt disconnected from both the work and the workers who made their lifestyle possible.
Modern Usage:
Similar to today's business owners who feel guilty about making money from other people's labor, or landlords who want to be seen as 'good' by their tenants.
Romanticizing Poverty
When privileged people idealize the simple life of the poor, seeing it as more authentic or meaningful than their own comfortable existence. They miss the real hardships while focusing on imagined benefits.
Modern Usage:
This happens when wealthy people praise the 'simple life' of minimum-wage workers or when celebrities talk about wanting to live 'off the grid.'
Characters in This Chapter
Levin
Conflicted protagonist
Throws himself into mowing hay with his workers, desperately seeking meaning and connection through physical labor. His temporary peace while working reveals both his privilege and his genuine desire to belong somewhere.
Modern Equivalent:
The wealthy guy who joins CrossFit or takes up carpentry to feel more 'real' and connected
The Peasant Workers
Unwitting teachers
Continue their daily labor while Levin has his spiritual awakening beside them. They represent the authentic connection to work and land that Levin craves but can never truly access due to his privileged position.
Modern Equivalent:
The experienced coworkers who do their jobs professionally while the new boss tries too hard to fit in
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The longer Levin mowed, the more often he felt those moments of unconsciousness in which it seemed not his hands that swung the scythe, but the scythe mowing of itself."
Context: As Levin gets into the rhythm of mowing and loses himself in the work
This captures the meditative state that comes from repetitive physical work. Levin's overthinking mind finally quiets when his body takes over, showing how manual labor can provide mental peace that intellectual pursuits cannot.
In Today's Words:
The longer he worked, the more he got into the zone where his hands moved automatically and his brain finally shut up.
"He felt like a man waking from a heavy sleep when the peasant told him it was time for breakfast."
Context: When Levin is called back to reality after hours of mowing
The work has been so absorbing that Levin loses track of time completely. This 'waking up' suggests he's been in an almost trance-like state, finding the peace that has eluded him in his privileged but anxious life.
In Today's Words:
He was so in the zone that he completely lost track of time until someone snapped him back to reality.
"The grass cut cleanly, and he moved forward with light, swift steps, following in the track of the peasant."
Context: As Levin finds his rhythm and starts keeping pace with the experienced workers
This moment represents Levin's temporary success at bridging the gap between his class and the workers. The 'light, swift steps' show he's found grace in the work, though he's still following rather than leading.
In Today's Words:
Everything clicked and he moved smoothly, keeping up with the guys who'd been doing this their whole lives.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Levin tries to bridge class differences through shared labor, but his privileged perspective makes the experience fundamentally different from his workers'
Development
Continues Levin's ongoing struggle with his position as a wealthy landowner who feels disconnected from both aristocrats and peasants
In Your Life:
You might feel this when you're caught between different social circles at work or in your neighborhood, not quite fitting anywhere.
Identity
In This Chapter
Levin seeks to define himself through physical labor rather than his social position or intellectual pursuits
Development
Deepens his identity crisis as he rejects his natural role while struggling to find authentic self-expression
In Your Life:
You might recognize this when you're trying to prove your worth through activities that don't match your actual strengths or situation.
Authenticity
In This Chapter
Levin believes manual labor represents 'real' life while his privileged existence feels artificial and meaningless
Development
Expands his search for genuine experience beyond intellectual pursuits to include physical connection with the land
In Your Life:
You might feel this when your daily routine feels fake or when you envy others who seem to have 'honest' work.
Escapism
In This Chapter
The rhythmic, mindless work temporarily quiets Levin's anxious thoughts about Kitty, his farm, and his future
Development
Shows how Levin uses activity to avoid confronting his deeper emotional and existential problems
In Your Life:
You might use this pattern when you throw yourself into busy work or physical activity to avoid dealing with relationship or life decisions.
Belonging
In This Chapter
Levin desperately wants to feel connected to his workers and the land, but his different background creates an unbridgeable gap
Development
Continues his search for community and connection that began with his failed romantic pursuits
In Your Life:
You might feel this when you're trying too hard to fit in with a group that doesn't naturally include you, whether at work or socially.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What does Levin hope to find by working alongside the peasants, and what does he actually experience during the mowing?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does physical labor temporarily quiet Levin's anxieties when his usual thinking hasn't solved his problems?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people today trying to find meaning by romanticizing someone else's work or lifestyle?
application • medium - 4
When you feel disconnected from your purpose, how can you tell the difference between genuinely needing change versus just envying someone else's path?
application • deep - 5
What does Levin's temporary peace in borrowed work reveal about how we search for authenticity and belonging?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Purpose Envy
Think of a time when you envied someone else's job, lifestyle, or daily routine - maybe you thought 'their life seems so much simpler' or 'they have real purpose.' Write down what specifically attracted you about their situation, then dig deeper: what were you actually missing in your own life at that time?
Consider:
- •Notice the difference between what they actually do versus what you imagined their life felt like
- •Consider whether you wanted their specific work or the feelings you thought it would give you
- •Think about whether addressing your real need required changing everything or just shifting perspective
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you found genuine meaning in your actual circumstances rather than borrowed purpose from someone else's path. What made the difference?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 43
What lies ahead teaches us key events and character development in this chapter, and shows us thematic elements and literary techniques. These patterns appear in literature and life alike.