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Anna Karenina - Chapter 138

Leo Tolstoy

Anna Karenina

Chapter 138

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Summary

Chapter 138

Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy

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Levin had been married three months. "He was happy, but not at all in the way he had expected to be. At every step he found his former dreams disappointed, and new, unexpected surprises of happiness." On entering family life, "he saw at every step that it was utterly different from what he had imagined." Tolstoy gives us the perfect metaphor: Levin felt like "a man who, after admiring the smooth, happy course of a little boat on a lake, should get himself into that little boat"—discovering it required constant rowing, constant attention, constant effort. As a bachelor watching others' marriages, he'd smiled contemptuously at petty cares and squabbles, convinced his marriage would be utterly different. Instead, it was "entirely made up of the pettiest details" he'd despised before. He couldn't understand why Kitty obsessed over tablecloths, furniture, mattresses, dinner arrangements—why she couldn't just focus on their love. He forgot "that she too would want work." Watching her manage the household, rearrange furniture, clash with the old cook, he found it simultaneously sweet and jarring. She was building her nest, following instincts he didn't comprehend. Their first quarrel came when he arrived home half an hour late, full of love and tenderness, only to face her jealous accusations. He felt the unfairness but realized defending himself would only make it worse—like accidentally striking yourself and having no one to be angry with except yourself. These quarrels happened "exceedingly often too, on the most unexpected and trivial grounds." Their honeymoon "remained in the memories of both as the bitterest and most humiliating period in their lives." They experienced "a peculiarly vivid sense of tension, as it were, a tugging in opposite directions of the chain by which they were bound." Both "tried in later life to blot out from their memories all the monstrous, shameful incidents of that morbid period, when both were rarely in a normal frame of mind." Only in the third month, after returning from Moscow, did their life begin to go more smoothly.

Coming Up in Chapter 139

As Levin and Kitty's marriage finds its rhythm, they'll face new challenges—but the foundation they're building through these painful early adjustments will prove essential.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1740 words)

L

evin had been married three months. He was happy, but not at all in
the way he had expected to be. At every step he found his former dreams
disappointed, and new, unexpected surprises of happiness. He was happy;
but on entering upon family life he saw at every step that it was
utterly different from what he had imagined. At every step he
experienced what a man would experience who, after admiring the smooth,
happy course of a little boat on a lake, should get himself into that
little boat. He saw that it was not all sitting still, floating
smoothly; that one had to think too, not for an instant to forget where
one was floating; and that there was water under one, and that one must
row; and that his unaccustomed hands would be sore; and that it was
only to look at it that was easy; but that doing it, though very
delightful, was very difficult.

As a bachelor, when he had watched other people’s married life, seen
the petty cares, the squabbles, the jealousy, he had only smiled
contemptuously in his heart. In his future married life there could be,
he was convinced, nothing of that sort; even the external forms,
indeed, he fancied, must be utterly unlike the life of others in
everything. And all of a sudden, instead of his life with his wife
being made on an individual pattern, it was, on the contrary, entirely
made up of the pettiest details, which he had so despised before, but
which now, by no will of his own, had gained an extraordinary
importance that it was useless to contend against. And Levin saw that
the organization of all these details was by no means so easy as he had
fancied before. Although Levin believed himself to have the most exact
conceptions of domestic life, unconsciously, like all men, he pictured
domestic life as the happiest enjoyment of love, with nothing to hinder
and no petty cares to distract. He ought, as he conceived the position,
to do his work, and to find repose from it in the happiness of love.
She ought to be beloved, and nothing more. But, like all men, he forgot
that she too would want work. And he was surprised that she, his
poetic, exquisite Kitty, could, not merely in the first weeks, but even
in the first days of their married life, think, remember, and busy
herself about tablecloths, and furniture, about mattresses for
visitors, about a tray, about the cook, and the dinner, and so on.
While they were still engaged, he had been struck by the definiteness
with which she had declined the tour abroad and decided to go into the
country, as though she knew of something she wanted, and could still
think of something outside her love. This had jarred upon him then, and
now her trivial cares and anxieties jarred upon him several times. But
he saw that this was essential for her. And, loving her as he did,
though he did not understand the reason of them, and jeered at these
domestic pursuits, he could not help admiring them. He jeered at the
way in which she arranged the furniture they had brought from Moscow;
rearranged their room; hung up curtains; prepared rooms for visitors; a
room for Dolly; saw after an abode for her new maid; ordered dinner of
the old cook; came into collision with Agafea Mihalovna, taking from
her the charge of the stores. He saw how the old cook smiled, admiring
her, and listening to her inexperienced, impossible orders, how
mournfully and tenderly Agafea Mihalovna shook her head over the young
mistress’s new arrangements. He saw that Kitty was extraordinarily
sweet when, laughing and crying, she came to tell him that her maid,
Masha, was used to looking upon her as her young lady, and so no one
obeyed her. It seemed to him sweet, but strange, and he thought it
would have been better without this.

He did not know how great a sense of change she was experiencing; she,
who at home had sometimes wanted some favorite dish, or sweets, without
the possibility of getting either, now could order what she liked, buy
pounds of sweets, spend as much money as she liked, and order any
puddings she pleased.

She was dreaming with delight now of Dolly’s coming to them with her
children, especially because she would order for the children their
favorite puddings and Dolly would appreciate all her new housekeeping.
She did not know herself why and wherefore, but the arranging of her
house had an irresistible attraction for her. Instinctively feeling the
approach of spring, and knowing that there would be days of rough
weather too, she built her nest as best she could, and was in haste at
the same time to build it and to learn how to do it.

This care for domestic details in Kitty, so opposed to Levin’s ideal of
exalted happiness, was at first one of the disappointments; and this
sweet care of her household, the aim of which he did not understand,
but could not help loving, was one of the new happy surprises.

Another disappointment and happy surprise came in their quarrels. Levin
could never have conceived that between him and his wife any relations
could arise other than tender, respectful and loving, and all at once
in the very early days they quarreled, so that she said he did not care
for her, that he cared for no one but himself, burst into tears, and
wrung her arms.

This first quarrel arose from Levin’s having gone out to a new
farmhouse and having been away half an hour too long, because he had
tried to get home by a short cut and had lost his way. He drove home
thinking of nothing but her, of her love, of his own happiness, and the
nearer he drew to home, the warmer was his tenderness for her. He ran
into the room with the same feeling, with an even stronger feeling than
he had had when he reached the Shtcherbatskys’ house to make his offer.
And suddenly he was met by a lowering expression he had never seen in
her. He would have kissed her; she pushed him away.

“What is it?”

“You’ve been enjoying yourself,” she began, trying to be calm and
spiteful. But as soon as she opened her mouth, a stream of reproach, of
senseless jealousy, of all that had been torturing her during that half
hour which she had spent sitting motionless at the window, burst from
her. It was only then, for the first time, that he clearly understood
what he had not understood when he led her out of the church after the
wedding. He felt now that he was not simply close to her, but that he
did not know where he ended and she began. He felt this from the
agonizing sensation of division that he experienced at that instant. He
was offended for the first instant, but the very same second he felt
that he could not be offended by her, that she was himself. He felt for
the first moment as a man feels when, having suddenly received a
violent blow from behind, he turns round, angry and eager to avenge
himself, to look for his antagonist, and finds that it is he himself
who has accidentally struck himself, that there is no one to be angry
with, and that he must put up with and try to soothe the pain.

Never afterwards did he feel it with such intensity, but this first
time he could not for a long while get over it. His natural feeling
urged him to defend himself, to prove to her she was wrong; but to
prove her wrong would mean irritating her still more and making the
rupture greater that was the cause of all his suffering. One habitual
feeling impelled him to get rid of the blame and to pass it on to her.
Another feeling, even stronger, impelled him as quickly as possible to
smooth over the rupture without letting it grow greater. To remain
under such undeserved reproach was wretched, but to make her suffer by
justifying himself was worse still. Like a man half-awake in an agony
of pain, he wanted to tear out, to fling away the aching place, and
coming to his senses, he felt that the aching place was himself. He
could do nothing but try to help the aching place to bear it, and this
he tried to do.

They made peace. She, recognizing that she was wrong, though she did
not say so, became tenderer to him, and they experienced new, redoubled
happiness in their love. But that did not prevent such quarrels from
happening again, and exceedingly often too, on the most unexpected and
trivial grounds. These quarrels frequently arose from the fact that
they did not yet know what was of importance to each other and that all
this early period they were both often in a bad temper. When one was in
a good temper, and the other in a bad temper, the peace was not broken;
but when both happened to be in an ill-humor, quarrels sprang up from
such incomprehensibly trifling causes, that they could never remember
afterwards what they had quarreled about. It is true that when they
were both in a good temper their enjoyment of life was redoubled. But
still this first period of their married life was a difficult time for
them.

During all this early time they had a peculiarly vivid sense of
tension, as it were, a tugging in opposite directions of the chain by
which they were bound. Altogether their honeymoon—that is to say, the
month after their wedding—from which from tradition Levin expected so
much, was not merely not a time of sweetness, but remained in the
memories of both as the bitterest and most humiliating period in their
lives. They both alike tried in later life to blot out from their
memories all the monstrous, shameful incidents of that morbid period,
when both were rarely in a normal frame of mind, both were rarely quite
themselves.

It was only in the third month of their married life, after their
return from Moscow, where they had been staying for a month, that their
life began to go more smoothly.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Exhaustion Escape
This chapter reveals a universal pattern: when we're drowning in existential crisis, we often try to exhaust ourselves into numbness rather than face the uncomfortable questions head-on. Levin throws himself into backbreaking labor, hoping physical exhaustion will silence his spiritual turmoil. It's the classic 'if I stay busy enough, I won't have to think' strategy. The mechanism is deceptively simple: overwhelming activity creates temporary relief from overwhelming thoughts. Physical exhaustion floods the brain with endorphins and forces focus on immediate, concrete tasks. But it's a Band-Aid solution. The moment the activity stops, the underlying crisis resurfaces—often stronger than before, because now you're also dealing with the guilt of avoidance and the knowledge that you're running from yourself. This pattern is everywhere in modern life. The nurse who picks up extra shifts to avoid dealing with her marriage problems. The manager who schedules back-to-back meetings to escape confronting his career dissatisfaction. The parent who over-schedules their kids' activities to avoid facing their own emptiness. The student who buries themselves in busywork instead of addressing their real academic struggles. We mistake motion for progress, activity for purpose. When you catch yourself in this pattern, pause and ask: 'What am I trying not to think about?' Set aside dedicated time for the uncomfortable questions—even just 15 minutes. Write them down. The goal isn't to solve everything immediately, but to stop letting unexamined fears drive you into exhaustion. Sometimes the scariest questions have simpler answers than we imagine, but we'll never know if we keep running. When you can name the pattern of avoidance through activity, predict where it leads (temporary relief followed by deeper crisis), and navigate it successfully by creating space for difficult conversations with yourself—that's amplified intelligence.

Using overwhelming activity to avoid confronting uncomfortable truths about your life.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Normalizing Relationship Reality

This chapter teaches that early relationship chaos is universal, not evidence of failure, and that the work of merging lives is genuinely difficult for everyone despite what social performance suggests.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you compare your relationship's internal reality to others' external performance. What struggles are you hiding that others probably experience too?

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"At every step he experienced what a man would experience who, after admiring the smooth, happy course of a little boat on a lake, should get himself into that little boat. He saw that it was not all sitting still, floating smoothly; that one had to think too, not for an instant to forget where one was floating; and that there was water under one, and that one must row."

— Narrator

Context: Describing Levin's discovery of what marriage actually requires

Perfect metaphor. Marriage looks easy from outside—two people in love, floating happily. But inside the boat, it requires constant attention, constant effort, constant adjustment. One moment of not paying attention and you drift or capsize. The work is invisible to observers but never-ending for participants.

In Today's Words:

Marriage looked so easy when I watched other couples. Now I'm in it and realize it requires constant work, constant attention—I can't just coast on love.

"He forgot that she too would want work."

— Narrator

Context: Levin's surprise at Kitty's domestic focus

The assumption that underlies so much relationship conflict: he imagined she would just 'be loved' while he did his work and found fulfillment. But she's a person with her own needs for purpose, accomplishment, and meaningful activity. He forgot she wasn't just a supporting character in his life story.

In Today's Words:

I assumed she'd be happy just being with me and supporting my goals. I forgot she's an actual person with her own needs for purpose and achievement.

"His natural feeling urged him to defend himself, to prove to her she was wrong; but to prove her wrong would mean irritating her still more and making the rupture greater... Like a man half-awake in an agony of pain, he wanted to tear out, to fling away the aching place, and coming to his senses, he felt that the aching place was himself."

— Narrator

Context: Levin's realization during their first quarrel

The devastating logic of intimate conflict. You want to defend yourself, prove you're right—but winning the argument means hurting your partner, which hurts you because you're connected. The 'aching place' is the relationship itself, which means there's no one to be angry at except yourself. This is the maturity moment.

In Today's Words:

I wanted to prove I was right and she was wrong, but I realized that hurting her would hurt me too. The problem wasn't her or me—it was us, and there was no enemy to fight.

Thematic Threads

Expectations vs. Reality

In This Chapter

Levin's romantic dreams of marriage crash into the mundane reality of domestic life, petty quarrels, and the constant work required to maintain partnership

Development

Introduces major theme about the gap between ideals and actual life experience

In Your Life:

You might face this whenever reality doesn't match your fantasy—first job, first apartment, first serious relationship, parenthood—the collision between imagination and experience

Invisible Labor

In This Chapter

Kitty's domestic work (managing household, servants, meals, arrangements) is essential but invisible to Levin, who assumed love would handle everything

Development

Introduces theme about unrecognized work, particularly women's work, that makes life function

In Your Life:

You might not notice the work your partner does until they stop doing it, or you might do invisible work that's never acknowledged—the mental load of managing life's details

The Unity Paradox

In This Chapter

Levin discovers that being united with Kitty means her pain is his pain, so defending himself hurts them both—marriage creates a paradoxical situation where conflict has no winner

Development

Deepens themes about connection and isolation by showing how intimacy creates new kinds of conflict

In Your Life:

You might feel this in any close relationship where winning an argument means the person you love loses, creating a no-win situation that requires new strategies

Growth Through Disillusionment

In This Chapter

Levin's romantic fantasies must die for real love to develop—the 'bitter and humiliating period' is necessary for building something sustainable

Development

Introduces theme about maturity requiring the death of illusions

In Your Life:

You might find that becoming an adult requires repeatedly letting go of how you thought things would be and accepting how they actually are—painful but necessary growth

Time and Adjustment

In This Chapter

It takes three months for their life to smooth out—genuine adaptation isn't instant, it requires patience and sustained effort through the difficult period

Development

Continues themes about patience and the slowness of real change

In Your Life:

You might need to remember that adjustment periods are real—new jobs, new cities, new relationships all require months to feel normal, and struggling at first doesn't mean failure

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    Why does Levin find Kitty's focus on domestic details 'jarring' when he clearly loves her?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    What does Tolstoy's boat metaphor reveal about the difference between observing marriage and experiencing it?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    When have you experienced a major gap between your expectations and reality in relationships, jobs, or life stages? How did you handle the disillusionment?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    Think about your close relationships. What 'invisible labor' might you be doing that isn't recognized, or what work might your partner/roommate/family member be doing that you don't notice?

    reflection • deep
  5. 5

    Why does Levin realize that defending himself would be 'worse still' even though Kitty's accusations were unfair? What does this reveal about conflict in intimate relationships?

    analysis • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

15 minutes

Map Your Relationship Reality vs. Performance

If you're in a relationship: List the struggles you're currently experiencing versus what you show others (social media, friends, family). What are you hiding? Why? If you're not in a relationship: Think about your last one or a close friendship—what did the outside world see versus what was actually happening?

Consider:

  • •Notice the gap between public performance and private reality
  • •Consider what you're protecting by hiding struggles—shame, privacy, social image?
  • •Think about how seeing others' performed perfection affects your assessment of your own relationship
  • •Reflect on whether the hiding serves you or isolates you

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when your expectations for a relationship (romantic, friendship, family) crashed into reality. What did you imagine it would be like? What was it actually like? How did you navigate the gap? What did you learn about yourself?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 139

As Levin and Kitty's marriage finds its rhythm, they'll face new challenges—but the foundation they're building through these painful early adjustments will prove essential.

Continue to Chapter 139
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