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War and Peace - The Hunt and Hidden Rivalries

Leo Tolstoy

War and Peace

The Hunt and Hidden Rivalries

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Summary

Nicholas and his family continue their hunt when a territorial dispute erupts over a fox. Their huntsman fights with men from a neighboring estate owned by Ilágin, a man the Rostóvs consider their enemy due to ongoing legal battles over hunting rights. Nicholas rides to confront Ilágin, expecting a fight, but instead finds a courteous gentleman who apologizes for his servant's behavior and invites the Rostóvs to hunt on his land. What follows is a masterclass in competitive psychology disguised as polite conversation. Both men praise each other's hunting dogs while secretly sizing up the competition, each hoping to prove their borzoi superior. When a hare is spotted, the tension explodes into action. Three dogs give chase - Ilágin's prized Erzá, Nicholas's beloved Mílka, and Uncle's scrappy Rugáy. In a thrilling pursuit across muddy fields, Uncle's supposedly inferior dog triumphs, catching the hare while the expensive, pedigreed borzois fail. Uncle's victory speech is both celebration and rebuke to those who value breeding over performance. The chapter reveals how competition strips away social pretenses, showing people's true priorities and values. It also demonstrates how shared passions can temporarily bridge even deep conflicts, though underlying tensions remain just beneath the surface of civility.

Coming Up in Chapter 139

The hunt continues, but the day's events have shifted the dynamics between the families. New alliances and old grudges will shape what comes next as the hunting party moves forward.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 2570 words)

T

he old count went home, and Natásha and Pétya promised to return very
soon, but as it was still early the hunt went farther. At midday
they put the hounds into a ravine thickly overgrown with young trees.
Nicholas standing in a fallow field could see all his whips.

Facing him lay a field of winter rye, there his own huntsman stood alone
in a hollow behind a hazel bush. The hounds had scarcely been loosed
before Nicholas heard one he knew, Voltórn, giving tongue at intervals;
other hounds joined in, now pausing and now again giving tongue. A
moment later he heard a cry from the wooded ravine that a fox had been
found, and the whole pack, joining together, rushed along the ravine
toward the ryefield and away from Nicholas.

He saw the whips in their red caps galloping along the edge of the
ravine, he even saw the hounds, and was expecting a fox to show itself
at any moment on the ryefield opposite.

The huntsman standing in the hollow moved and loosed his borzois, and
Nicholas saw a queer, short-legged red fox with a fine brush going hard
across the field. The borzois bore down on it.... Now they drew close
to the fox which began to dodge between the field in sharper and sharper
curves, trailing its brush, when suddenly a strange white borzoi dashed
in followed by a black one, and everything was in confusion; the borzois
formed a star-shaped figure, scarcely swaying their bodies and with
tails turned away from the center of the group. Two huntsmen galloped up
to the dogs; one in a red cap, the other, a stranger, in a green coat.

“What’s this?” thought Nicholas. “Where’s that huntsman from?
He is not ‘Uncle’s’ man.”

The huntsmen got the fox, but stayed there a long time without strapping
it to the saddle. Their horses, bridled and with high saddles, stood
near them and there too the dogs were lying. The huntsmen waved their
arms and did something to the fox. Then from that spot came the sound of
a horn, with the signal agreed on in case of a fight.

“That’s Ilágin’s huntsman having a row with our Iván,” said
Nicholas’ groom.

Nicholas sent the man to call Natásha and Pétya to him, and rode at a
footpace to the place where the whips were getting the hounds together.
Several of the field galloped to the spot where the fight was going on.

Nicholas dismounted, and with Natásha and Pétya, who had ridden up,
stopped near the hounds, waiting to see how the matter would end. Out of
the bushes came the huntsman who had been fighting and rode toward
his young master, with the fox tied to his crupper. While still at a
distance he took off his cap and tried to speak respectfully, but he was
pale and breathless and his face was angry. One of his eyes was black,
but he probably was not even aware of it.

“What has happened?” asked Nicholas.

“A likely thing, killing a fox our dogs had hunted! And it was my gray
bitch that caught it! Go to law, indeed!... He snatches at the fox! I
gave him one with the fox. Here it is on my saddle! Do you want a taste
of this?...” said the huntsman, pointing to his dagger and probably
imagining himself still speaking to his foe.

Nicholas, not stopping to talk to the man, asked his sister and Pétya
to wait for him and rode to the spot where the enemy’s, Ilágin’s,
hunting party was.

The victorious huntsman rode off to join the field, and there,
surrounded by inquiring sympathizers, recounted his exploits.

The facts were that Ilágin, with whom the Rostóvs had a quarrel and
were at law, hunted over places that belonged by custom to the Rostóvs,
and had now, as if purposely, sent his men to the very woods the
Rostóvs were hunting and let his man snatch a fox their dogs had
chased.

Nicholas, though he had never seen Ilágin, with his usual absence
of moderation in judgment, hated him cordially from reports of his
arbitrariness and violence, and regarded him as his bitterest foe. He
rode in angry agitation toward him, firmly grasping his whip and fully
prepared to take the most resolute and desperate steps to punish his
enemy.

Hardly had he passed an angle of the wood before a stout gentleman in
a beaver cap came riding toward him on a handsome raven-black horse,
accompanied by two hunt servants.

Instead of an enemy, Nicholas found in Ilágin a stately and courteous
gentleman who was particularly anxious to make the young count’s
acquaintance. Having ridden up to Nicholas, Ilágin raised his beaver
cap and said he much regretted what had occurred and would have the
man punished who had allowed himself to seize a fox hunted by someone
else’s borzois. He hoped to become better acquainted with the count
and invited him to draw his covert.

Natásha, afraid that her brother would do something dreadful, had
followed him in some excitement. Seeing the enemies exchanging friendly
greetings, she rode up to them. Ilágin lifted his beaver cap still
higher to Natásha and said, with a pleasant smile, that the young
countess resembled Diana in her passion for the chase as well as in her
beauty, of which he had heard much.

To expiate his huntsman’s offense, Ilágin pressed the Rostóvs to
come to an upland of his about a mile away which he usually kept for
himself and which, he said, swarmed with hares. Nicholas agreed, and the
hunt, now doubled, moved on.

The way to Iligin’s upland was across the fields. The hunt servants
fell into line. The masters rode together. “Uncle,” Rostóv, and
Ilágin kept stealthily glancing at one another’s dogs, trying not
to be observed by their companions and searching uneasily for rivals to
their own borzois.

Rostóv was particularly struck by the beauty of a small, pure-bred,
red-spotted bitch on Ilágin’s leash, slender but with muscles like
steel, a delicate muzzle, and prominent black eyes. He had heard of
the swiftness of Ilágin’s borzois, and in that beautiful bitch saw a
rival to his own Mílka.

In the middle of a sober conversation begun by Ilágin about the
year’s harvest, Nicholas pointed to the red-spotted bitch.

“A fine little bitch, that!” said he in a careless tone. “Is she
swift?”

“That one? Yes, she’s a good dog, gets what she’s after,”
answered Ilágin indifferently, of the red-spotted bitch Erzá, for
which, a year before, he had given a neighbor three families of house
serfs. “So in your parts, too, the harvest is nothing to boast of,
Count?” he went on, continuing the conversation they had begun. And
considering it polite to return the young count’s compliment, Ilágin
looked at his borzois and picked out Mílka who attracted his attention
by her breadth. “That black-spotted one of yours is fine—well
shaped!” said he.

“Yes, she’s fast enough,” replied Nicholas, and thought: “If
only a full-grown hare would cross the field now I’d show you what
sort of borzoi she is,” and turning to his groom, he said he would
give a ruble to anyone who found a hare.

“I don’t understand,” continued Ilágin, “how some sportsmen can
be so jealous about game and dogs. For myself, I can tell you, Count,
I enjoy riding in company such as this... what could be better?” (he
again raised his cap to Natásha)
“but as for counting skins and what
one takes, I don’t care about that.”

“Of course not!”

“Or being upset because someone else’s borzoi and not mine catches
something. All I care about is to enjoy seeing the chase, is it not so,
Count? For I consider that...”

“A-tu!” came the long-drawn cry of one of the borzoi whippers-in,
who had halted. He stood on a knoll in the stubble, holding his whip
aloft, and again repeated his long-drawn cry, “A-tu!” (This call and
the uplifted whip meant that he saw a sitting hare.)

“Ah, he has found one, I think,” said Ilágin carelessly. “Yes, we
must ride up.... Shall we both course it?” answered Nicholas, seeing
in Erzá and “Uncle’s” red Rugáy two rivals he had never yet had
a chance of pitting against his own borzois. “And suppose they outdo
my Mílka at once!” he thought as he rode with “Uncle” and Ilágin
toward the hare.

“A full-grown one?” asked Ilágin as he approached the whip who
had sighted the hare—and not without agitation he looked round and
whistled to Erzá.

“And you, Michael Nikanórovich?” he said, addressing “Uncle.”

The latter was riding with a sullen expression on his face.

“How can I join in? Why, you’ve given a village for each of your
borzois! That’s it, come on! Yours are worth thousands. Try yours
against one another, you two, and I’ll look on!”

“Rugáy, hey, hey!” he shouted. “Rugáyushka!” he added,
involuntarily by this diminutive expressing his affection and the hopes
he placed on this red borzoi. Natásha saw and felt the agitation the
two elderly men and her brother were trying to conceal, and was herself
excited by it.

The huntsman stood halfway up the knoll holding up his whip and the
gentlefolk rode up to him at a footpace; the hounds that were far off
on the horizon turned away from the hare, and the whips, but not the
gentlefolk, also moved away. All were moving slowly and sedately.

“How is it pointing?” asked Nicholas, riding a hundred paces toward
the whip who had sighted the hare.

But before the whip could reply, the hare, scenting the frost coming
next morning, was unable to rest and leaped up. The pack on leash rushed
downhill in full cry after the hare, and from all sides the borzois that
were not on leash darted after the hounds and the hare. All the hunt,
who had been moving slowly, shouted, “Stop!” calling in the hounds,
while the borzoi whips, with a cry of “A-tu!” galloped across the
field setting the borzois on the hare. The tranquil Ilágin, Nicholas,
Natásha, and “Uncle” flew, reckless of where and how they went,
seeing only the borzois and the hare and fearing only to lose sight even
for an instant of the chase. The hare they had started was a strong and
swift one. When he jumped up he did not run at once, but pricked his
ears listening to the shouting and trampling that resounded from all
sides at once. He took a dozen bounds, not very quickly, letting the
borzois gain on him, and, finally having chosen his direction and
realized his danger, laid back his ears and rushed off headlong. He had
been lying in the stubble, but in front of him was the autumn sowing
where the ground was soft. The two borzois of the huntsman who had
sighted him, having been the nearest, were the first to see and pursue
him, but they had not gone far before Ilágin’s red-spotted Erzá
passed them, got within a length, flew at the hare with terrible
swiftness aiming at his scut, and, thinking she had seized him, rolled
over like a ball. The hare arched his back and bounded off yet more
swiftly. From behind Erzá rushed the broad-haunched, black-spotted
Mílka and began rapidly gaining on the hare.

“Miláshka, dear!” rose Nicholas’ triumphant cry. It looked as if
Mílka would immediately pounce on the hare, but she overtook him and
flew past. The hare had squatted. Again the beautiful Erzá reached him,
but when close to the hare’s scut paused as if measuring the distance,
so as not to make a mistake this time but seize his hind leg.

“Erzá, darling!” Ilágin wailed in a voice unlike his own. Erzá
did not hearken to his appeal. At the very moment when she would have
seized her prey, the hare moved and darted along the balk between the
winter rye and the stubble. Again Erzá and Mílka were abreast, running
like a pair of carriage horses, and began to overtake the hare, but
it was easier for the hare to run on the balk and the borzois did not
overtake him so quickly.

“Rugáy, Rugáyushka! That’s it, come on!” came a third voice just
then, and “Uncle’s” red borzoi, straining and curving its back,
caught up with the two foremost borzois, pushed ahead of them regardless
of the terrible strain, put on speed close to the hare, knocked it off
the balk onto the ryefield, again put on speed still more viciously,
sinking to his knees in the muddy field, and all one could see was
how, muddying his back, he rolled over with the hare. A ring of borzois
surrounded him. A moment later everyone had drawn up round the crowd
of dogs. Only the delighted “Uncle” dismounted, and cut off a pad,
shaking the hare for the blood to drip off, and anxiously glancing round
with restless eyes while his arms and legs twitched. He spoke without
himself knowing whom to or what about. “That’s it, come on! That’s
a dog!... There, it has beaten them all, the thousand-ruble as well as
the one-ruble borzois. That’s it, come on!” said he, panting and
looking wrathfully around as if he were abusing someone, as if they
were all his enemies and had insulted him, and only now had he at
last succeeded in justifying himself. “There are your thousand-ruble
ones.... That’s it, come on!...”

“Rugáy, here’s a pad for you!” he said, throwing down the
hare’s muddy pad. “You’ve deserved it, that’s it, come on!”

“She’d tired herself out, she’d run it down three times by
herself,” said Nicholas, also not listening to anyone and regardless
of whether he were heard or not.

“But what is there in running across it like that?” said Ilágin’s
groom.

“Once she had missed it and turned it away, any mongrel could take
it,” Ilágin was saying at the same time, breathless from his gallop
and his excitement. At the same moment Natásha, without drawing
breath, screamed joyously, ecstatically, and so piercingly that it set
everyone’s ear tingling. By that shriek she expressed what the others
expressed by all talking at once, and it was so strange that she must
herself have been ashamed of so wild a cry and everyone else would have
been amazed at it at any other time. “Uncle” himself twisted up the
hare, threw it neatly and smartly across his horse’s back as if by
that gesture he meant to rebuke everybody, and, with an air of not
wishing to speak to anyone, mounted his bay and rode off. The others all
followed, dispirited and shamefaced, and only much later were they able
to regain their former affectation of indifference. For a long time they
continued to look at red Rugáy who, his arched back spattered with
mud and clanking the ring of his leash, walked along just behind
“Uncle’s” horse with the serene air of a conqueror.

“Well, I am like any other dog as long as it’s not a question of
coursing. But when it is, then look out!” his appearance seemed to
Nicholas to be saying.

When, much later, “Uncle” rode up to Nicholas and began talking
to him, he felt flattered that, after what had happened, “Uncle”
deigned to speak to him.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: Performative Superiority
This chapter reveals a universal pattern: when people feel threatened by competition, they often resort to performative superiority—making elaborate displays of their advantages while secretly doubting themselves. Nicholas and Ilágin transform a simple hunt into a psychological battlefield, each man desperately trying to prove his dogs (and by extension, himself) are superior. The mechanism works like this: when our identity feels challenged, we compensate by over-emphasizing our credentials, possessions, or achievements. Both hunters praise each other's dogs while secretly hoping to humiliate their rival. They're not really hunting foxes—they're hunting validation. The irony? Uncle's scrappy, unpedigreed dog wins precisely because he's not performing. He's just doing the work. This exact pattern plays out everywhere today. In hospitals, doctors sometimes order unnecessary tests to prove their thoroughness when questioned. At work, insecure managers name-drop their MBA or past achievements when their decisions are challenged. On social media, people post carefully curated success stories when they feel inadequate. Even in relationships, partners sometimes list everything they do for the household when feeling unappreciated. The more elaborate the performance, the deeper the insecurity. When you recognize this pattern—in yourself or others—pause and ask: 'What's really being defended here?' If someone is performing superiority, they're probably feeling threatened. If you're doing it, step back and focus on actual performance, not the show. Like Uncle's dog, results speak louder than pedigree. Don't waste energy proving you belong—just do the work well. When you can name the pattern, predict where it leads, and navigate it successfully—that's amplified intelligence.

When people feel threatened by competition, they compensate with elaborate displays of their advantages while secretly doubting themselves.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Reading Competitive Insecurity

This chapter teaches how to recognize when people's elaborate displays of superiority mask deep insecurity about their actual competence.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when someone over-explains their credentials or name-drops achievements during normal conversation—they're probably feeling threatened and need reassurance, not more competition.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"I know what counts with me. I don't hunt for the sake of rules, but for the wolf. That's what I understand!"

— Uncle

Context: After his dog wins, defending his practical approach to hunting

Uncle cuts through all the social posturing to focus on results. He values effectiveness over following proper form or using expensive equipment.

In Today's Words:

I don't care about doing things the fancy way - I care about getting the job done right.

"A good run, wasn't it? Your Erzá is swift, but my Rugáy was swifter!"

— Uncle

Context: Celebrating his victory while acknowledging the competition

Shows gracious winning - he gives credit where due but doesn't hide his pride in succeeding against the odds.

In Today's Words:

Your team played well, but mine played better today!

"Well, you have crushed us! Your dog was swifter. Congratulations!"

— Ilágin

Context: Acknowledging defeat after his prized dog loses

Demonstrates how a true competitor handles losing - with grace and recognition of superior performance, even when it hurts his pride.

In Today's Words:

You got me this time - your way worked better than mine. Good job.

Thematic Threads

Class

In This Chapter

Nicholas and Ilágin use their expensive, pedigreed dogs as symbols of social status and breeding

Development

Continues the book's exploration of how aristocrats define themselves through possessions and bloodlines

In Your Life:

You might see this when people emphasize their credentials or expensive purchases to establish social position

Competition

In This Chapter

A simple hunt becomes a psychological battle where both men desperately need to prove superiority

Development

Introduced here as a driving force that reveals true character under pressure

In Your Life:

You might recognize this when friendly activities become intense competitions that reveal deeper insecurities

Performance vs Reality

In This Chapter

Uncle's scrappy dog succeeds where the expensive, pedigreed borzois fail

Development

Introduced here as a contrast between appearance and actual capability

In Your Life:

You might see this when the person with the best resume isn't the best worker, or when simple solutions outperform complex ones

Social Masks

In This Chapter

Nicholas expects conflict but finds elaborate courtesy that barely conceals competitive tension

Development

Builds on earlier chapters showing how aristocrats maintain civility while harboring deeper conflicts

In Your Life:

You might recognize this in workplace politeness that masks serious rivalry or family gatherings where old tensions simmer beneath pleasantries

Identity

In This Chapter

Both hunters stake their personal worth on their dogs' performance in front of others

Development

Continues exploring how characters tie their self-worth to external validation

In Your Life:

You might see this when you feel personally attacked if someone criticizes something you own or created

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    Why does Nicholas expect a fight with Ilágin, but instead find himself invited to hunt together?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    What's really happening when Nicholas and Ilágin spend so much time praising each other's dogs?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Where have you seen people perform their credentials or achievements when they feel threatened or challenged?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    When you feel the urge to prove yourself through possessions, achievements, or status, what would be a more effective approach?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does Uncle's victory with his scrappy dog reveal about the difference between performance and actual competence?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Decode the Performance

Think of a recent situation where someone seemed to be 'performing superiority'—maybe name-dropping credentials, showing off possessions, or over-explaining their expertise. Write down what they were actually trying to prove and what threat they might have been responding to. Then consider: what would confident competence have looked like instead?

Consider:

  • •The more elaborate the performance, the deeper the insecurity usually runs
  • •People perform superiority when they feel their identity or competence is being questioned
  • •True confidence focuses on doing the work well rather than proving worthiness

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you caught yourself performing your achievements or status when you felt challenged. What were you really afraid of losing or not being seen as? How might you handle that insecurity differently now?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 139: Uncle's Musical Evening

The hunt continues, but the day's events have shifted the dynamics between the families. New alliances and old grudges will shape what comes next as the hunting party moves forward.

Continue to Chapter 139
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The Perfect Hunt
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Uncle's Musical Evening

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