Summary
Chapter 19
Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Mr. Collins proposes to Elizabeth in what might be the most awkward marriage proposal in literary history. He approaches it like a business transaction, listing his practical reasons: his patroness Lady Catherine expects him to marry, it will make him happy, and it will benefit the Bennet family. Elizabeth firmly refuses, but Collins refuses to accept her 'no' as final, convinced she's just being modest as women are supposed to be. This scene reveals everything wrong with how society views marriage and women's autonomy. Collins sees Elizabeth as an object to acquire, not a person with her own feelings and desires. His inability to hear her clear rejection shows how men were taught to dismiss women's voices. Elizabeth's firm refusal demonstrates her strength and self-respect - she won't marry for security or social expectation. The proposal also highlights the economic pressures on women like Elizabeth, who have little inheritance and few options. Collins assumes any woman would accept him because he offers financial stability, showing how marriage was often more about survival than love. Elizabeth's rejection is revolutionary for her time - she's choosing potential poverty over a loveless marriage. This moment sets up the central conflict of the novel: can Elizabeth find both love and security, or must she choose between them? The scene also shows Austen's sharp social criticism wrapped in comedy. We laugh at Collins's ridiculous proposal, but underneath is a serious critique of a system that gives women so few choices and men so much power.
Coming Up in Chapter 20
Collins isn't giving up that easily, and he's about to get some powerful backup. Meanwhile, Elizabeth faces mounting pressure from an unexpected source as the consequences of her refusal begin to unfold.
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An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
I[llustration] The next day opened a new scene at Longbourn. Mr. Collins made his declaration in form. Having resolved to do it without loss of time, as his leave of absence extended only to the following Saturday, and having no feelings of diffidence to make it distressing to himself even at the moment, he set about it in a very orderly manner, with all the observances which he supposed a regular part of the business. On finding Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth, and one of the younger girls together, soon after breakfast, he addressed the mother in these words,-- “May I hope, madam, for your interest with your fair daughter Elizabeth, when I solicit for the honour of a private audience with her in the course of this morning?” Before Elizabeth had time for anything but a blush of surprise, Mrs. Bennet instantly answered,-- “Oh dear! Yes, certainly. I am sure Lizzy will be very happy--I am sure she can have no objection. Come, Kitty, I want you upstairs.” And gathering her work together, she was hastening away, when Elizabeth called out,-- “Dear ma’am, do not go. I beg you will not go. Mr. Collins must excuse me. He can have nothing to say to me that anybody need not hear. I am going away myself.” “No, no, nonsense, Lizzy. I desire you will stay where you are.” And upon Elizabeth’s seeming really, with vexed and embarrassed looks, about to escape, she added, “Lizzy, I _insist_ upon your staying and hearing Mr. Collins.” Elizabeth would not oppose such an injunction; and a moment’s consideration making her also sensible that it would be wisest to get it over as soon and as quietly as possible, she sat down again, and tried to conceal, by incessant employment, the feelings which were divided between distress and diversion. Mrs. Bennet and Kitty walked off, and as soon as they were gone, Mr. Collins began,-- “Believe me, my dear Miss Elizabeth, that your modesty, so far from doing you any disservice, rather adds to your other perfections. You would have been less amiable in my eyes had there _not_ been this little unwillingness; but allow me to assure you that I have your respected mother’s permission for this address. You can hardly doubt the purport of my discourse, however your natural delicacy may lead you to dissemble; my attentions have been too marked to be mistaken. Almost as soon as I entered the house I singled you out as the companion of my future life. But before I am run away with by my feelings on this subject, perhaps it will be advisable for me to state my reasons for marrying--and, moreover, for coming into Hertfordshire with the design of selecting a wife, as I certainly did.” The idea of Mr. Collins, with all his solemn composure, being run away with by his feelings, made Elizabeth so near laughing that she could not use the short pause he allowed in any attempt to stop him farther, and...
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to identify when someone's social position makes them unable to hear your clear communication as valid.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Entailment
A legal arrangement where property passes to the nearest male heir, skipping daughters entirely. This means Elizabeth and her sisters will inherit nothing when their father dies, making marriage their only path to financial security.
Living
A church position that provides steady income and housing for a clergyman. Mr. Collins has been given his 'living' by Lady Catherine, making him financially dependent on keeping her happy.
Patroness
A wealthy person who supports and controls someone of lower social status. Lady Catherine is Collins's patroness, meaning she gave him his job and expects him to follow her advice about everything, including marriage.
Modest refusal
The social expectation that women should say 'no' to marriage proposals at first, even if they mean 'yes.' This fake modesty was considered proper feminine behavior, which is why Collins doesn't believe Elizabeth's real rejection.
Marriage settlement
The financial arrangements made when people marry, including what property and money each person brings. Collins views his proposal as a business deal that benefits both families financially.
Accomplished woman
A woman educated in skills like music, languages, and drawing that make her attractive to potential husbands. These accomplishments were more about landing a good marriage than personal fulfillment.
Characters in This Chapter
Mr. Collins
Unwanted suitor
Makes his ridiculous proposal to Elizabeth, treating marriage like a business transaction. His inability to accept her refusal shows how men were taught to ignore women's actual wishes and assume they knew better.
Elizabeth Bennet
Protagonist
Firmly rejects Collins's proposal despite the financial security it would provide. Her refusal demonstrates remarkable courage and self-respect, choosing potential poverty over a loveless marriage.
Lady Catherine de Bourgh
Controlling influence
Though not physically present, her expectations drive Collins's proposal. She represents the social pressure that pushes people into marriages based on duty rather than love.
Mrs. Bennet
Anxious mother
Mentioned as someone Collins believes will pressure Elizabeth to accept him. She represents the economic desperation that makes mothers push daughters toward any financially stable marriage.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"My reasons for marrying are, first, that I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances to set the example of matrimony in his parish."
Context: Collins begins his proposal by listing his practical reasons for marriage.
This reveals how Collins sees marriage as a duty to perform, not an expression of love. He's literally checking boxes rather than proposing to someone he cares about, showing how society reduced marriage to a social obligation.
"I am not now to learn that it is usual with young ladies to reject the addresses of the man whom they secretly mean to accept."
Context: Collins refuses to believe Elizabeth's rejection is real.
This shows the dangerous assumption that women don't mean what they say. Collins has been taught that women's 'no' means 'yes,' which completely dismisses their autonomy and right to make their own choices.
"You could not make me happy, and I am convinced that I am the last woman in the world who could make you happy."
Context: Elizabeth tries to make Collins understand why they're incompatible.
Elizabeth appeals to logic and mutual happiness, showing her mature understanding of what marriage should be. She's trying to save them both from misery, but Collins can't hear her because he sees marriage as duty, not partnership.
Thematic Threads
Gender Power Dynamics
In This Chapter
Collins assumes Elizabeth's refusal is feminine modesty rather than genuine choice, demonstrating how men dismiss women's autonomy
Development
Builds on earlier hints of women's limited agency, now explicitly showing male entitlement to female compliance
In Your Life:
Have you ever had someone dismiss your clear 'no' as just you being dramatic or not knowing what you really want?
Economic Coercion
In This Chapter
Collins believes his financial stability makes rejection impossible, treating marriage as a business transaction where money trumps personal preference
Development
Expands from Charlotte's earlier pragmatic view to show how economic pressure becomes a tool of control
In Your Life:
When has someone tried to convince you that their financial advantages should make you overlook red flags in a relationship or opportunity?
Class Privilege
In This Chapter
Collins's position as clergyman and future inheritor gives him confidence that his judgment supersedes Elizabeth's, showing how social rank creates assumed authority
Development
Continues the theme of class determining whose voice matters, now in intimate personal decisions
In Your Life:
Have you experienced someone using their job title, education, or social status to act like their opinion matters more than yours in personal decisions?
Personal Autonomy
In This Chapter
Elizabeth's firm refusal represents revolutionary self-determination, choosing potential hardship over surrendering her agency
Development
Crystallizes Elizabeth's emerging pattern of resisting social expectations in favor of personal integrity
In Your Life:
What's a situation where you've had to choose between doing what others expected and staying true to what you actually wanted?
Communication Breakdown
In This Chapter
Collins literally cannot process Elizabeth's clear words, hearing what he expects rather than what she says
Development
Introduced here as a new theme showing how power imbalances corrupt basic human communication
In Your Life:
Have you ever felt frustrated when someone completely misinterpreted your clear communication because they only heard what they wanted to hear?
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What reasons does Mr. Collins give for wanting to marry Elizabeth, and what's missing from his list?
- 2
Why does Collins refuse to accept Elizabeth's rejection as final, and what does this reveal about how he views women?
- 3
Where do you see this pattern of 'privileged dismissal' in modern workplaces, healthcare, or relationships?
- 4
If you were Elizabeth's friend, what advice would you give her about dealing with people who won't accept 'no' for an answer?
- 5
What does Collins's proposal teach us about the difference between hearing someone's words and actually listening to them?
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Own Power Dynamics
Think of a time when someone wouldn't accept your 'no' or kept pushing after you'd made your position clear. Write down what power advantage they had over you (money, position, gender, age, etc.) and how that shaped the interaction. Then identify one person whose 'no' you might have trouble accepting and honestly examine what advantage you have in that relationship.
Consider:
- •Power isn't always obvious - sometimes it's cultural expectations or family roles rather than formal authority
- •We can be both the dismissed person and the dismissive person in different relationships
- •Recognizing these patterns helps you prepare better responses and check your own behavior with others
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 20
In the next chapter, you'll discover key events and character development in this chapter, and learn thematic elements and literary techniques. These insights reveal timeless patterns that resonate in our own lives and relationships.