Summary
We meet M. Gillenormand, Marius's ninety-year-old grandfather, a relic of the old aristocratic world who clings to outdated values and social hierarchies. Despite his advanced age, he remains sharp, opinionated, and deeply conservative, representing the Bourbon restoration's nostalgic longing for pre-revolutionary France. Living comfortably but not lavishly, he embodies the tension between old-world privilege and new-world realities. His relationship with his grandson Marius is strained by their opposing political views—the grandfather's royalist sympathies clash with Marius's growing republican ideals. This generational divide reflects the broader social upheaval of 19th-century France, where families were torn apart by conflicting loyalties to monarchy, empire, and republic. Through M. Gillenormand's character, Hugo explores how the past refuses to die quietly, and how family love can coexist with fundamental disagreement about justice and society.
Coming Up in Chapter 27
Marius's political awakening intensifies as he discovers hidden truths about his father's legacy, forcing him to choose between family loyalty and personal conscience.
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An excerpt from the original text.(~319 words)
M. Gillenormand had passed his ninetieth year. He ordinarily lived with his daughter in the Rue des Filles-du-Calvaire, No. 6, in the old house which he owned. This old gentleman was one of those men who become curiosities simply because they have lived a long time, and who are strange because they formerly resembled everybody, and now resemble nobody. He was a peculiar old man, and in very truth, a man of another age, the complete bourgeois of the eighteenth century, a little haughty, wearing his good, old bourgeoisie with the air with which marquises wear their marquisates. He had passed his ninetieth year, walked erect, spoke in a loud voice, saw clearly, drank neat, ate, slept, and snored. He had all thirty-two of his teeth. He only wore spectacles when he read. He was of an amorous disposition, but declared that, for the last ten years, he had wholly and decidedly renounced women. He could no longer please, he said; he did not add: "I am too old," but: "I am too poor." He said: "If I were not ruined—" His remaining fortune amounted to about fifteen thousand francs. We meet M. Gillenormand, Marius's ninety-year-old grandfather, a relic of the old aristocratic world who clings to outdated values and social hierarchies. Despite his advanced age, he remains sharp, opinionated, and deeply conservative, representing the Bourbon restoration's nostalgic longing for pre-revolutionary France. Living comfortably but not lavishly, he embodies the tension between old-world privilege and new-world realities. His relationship with his grandson Marius is strained by their opposing political views—the grandfather's royalist sympathies clash with Marius's growing republican ideals. This generational divide reflects the broader social upheaval of 19th-century France, where families were torn apart by conflicting loyalties to monarchy, empire, and republic. Through M. Gillenormand's character, Hugo explores how the past refuses to die quietly, and how family love can coexist with fundamental disagreement about justice and society.
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Generational Privilege
When comfortable people resist change because acknowledging injustice would require giving up advantages they've taken for granted
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
Learning to distinguish between love that supports your growth and 'love' that requires you to stay small to make others comfortable
Practice This Today
Notice when people's affection depends on your agreement with their worldview—healthy relationships allow space for different values and experiences
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Bourgeois
The middle class, particularly those with property and conventional social values
Modern Usage:
Today we might call someone 'bougie' - focused on material comfort and social respectability over deeper values
Bourbon Restoration
The period (1815-1830) when the French monarchy was restored after Napoleon's defeat
Modern Usage:
Any attempt to return to 'the good old days' when your group held more power and influence
Royalist
Someone who supports monarchy and traditional aristocratic values
Modern Usage:
People who believe in strict hierarchies and that some people are naturally born to lead others
Characters in This Chapter
M. Gillenormand
Marius's conservative grandfather and guardian
Represents the old aristocratic order that refuses to adapt to changing times
Modern Equivalent:
The family patriarch who still talks about 'the way things used to be' and dismisses younger generations as ungrateful
Marius Pontmercy
Young man torn between family loyalty and personal convictions
Embodies the struggle of youth trying to form independent values while respecting family
Modern Equivalent:
The college student who comes home with new ideas that challenge everything their conservative family believes
Key Quotes & Analysis
"He was a peculiar old man, and in very truth, a man of another age, the complete bourgeois of the eighteenth century"
Context: Describing M. Gillenormand's outdated worldview and social position
Hugo shows how some people become living fossils, unable or unwilling to adapt to social change
In Today's Words:
He was stuck in the past, clinging to old ways of thinking that no longer fit the modern world
"He could no longer please, he said; he did not add: 'I am too old,' but: 'I am too poor.'"
Context: The grandfather's admission about his romantic limitations
Reveals how even personal relationships become transactional in a class-conscious society
In Today's Words:
He knew his appeal was based on money, not charm, and without wealth he had nothing to offer
Thematic Threads
Social Inequality
In This Chapter
The gulf between M. Gillenormand's comfortable bourgeois existence and the poverty around him
Development
His wealth insulates him from understanding the struggles that drive social change
In Your Life:
When your comfortable position makes it hard to see why others are fighting for change
Justice vs. Family Loyalty
In This Chapter
Marius must choose between pleasing his grandfather and following his conscience
Development
The tension between personal relationships and moral principles intensifies
In Your Life:
When family members expect you to stay quiet about injustices to keep the peace
Generational Conflict
In This Chapter
The clash between old aristocratic values and emerging democratic ideals
Development
Each generation must decide whether to inherit or reject their parents' worldview
In Your Life:
Navigating relationships with family members whose values you've outgrown
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
How does M. Gillenormand's comfortable lifestyle prevent him from understanding the need for social change?
analysis • medium - 2
When have you had to choose between family approval and your own moral convictions?
reflection • deep - 3
How can families bridge generational divides without forcing younger members to abandon their values?
application • medium
Critical Thinking Exercise
The Privilege Audit
Think about advantages you've had that others lack. How might these advantages make it harder for you to understand others' struggles? What would you risk losing if you acknowledged certain injustices?
Consider:
- •What comfort or status might change if systems became more fair?
- •How do your advantages shape what you notice or ignore?
- •What would it mean to use your privilege to support rather than dismiss others' experiences?
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when someone challenged your assumptions about fairness. How did your initial defensiveness change as you listened more deeply?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 27: Volume III, Book 3: The Grandfather and the Grandson - Conflict
The coming pages reveal generational divides create unbridgeable conflicts, and teach us the price of rigid thinking in changing times. These discoveries help us navigate similar situations in our own lives.
