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Far from the Madding Crowd - The Shearing Supper and Second Proposal

Thomas Hardy

Far from the Madding Crowd

The Shearing Supper and Second Proposal

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Summary

At the annual shearing supper, Bathsheba orchestrates a complex social dance that reveals her growing awareness of her own power. She seats Gabriel at the head table, then publicly demotes him when Boldwood arrives, showing how easily she manipulates the men around her. The evening unfolds with traditional songs and camaraderie among the workers, but underneath runs a current of tension and desire. When Bathsheba sings 'The Banks of Allan Water' with Gabriel accompanying on flute and Boldwood providing bass harmony, the scene becomes a metaphor for the triangle consuming all three characters. After the workers leave, Boldwood makes his second, more desperate proposal. This time, Bathsheba doesn't reject him outright. Instead, she agrees to consider marriage after harvest—a conditional acceptance that traps them both. Her response comes not from love but from guilt over the valentine that started his obsession, mixed with a dangerous thrill at her power over this respected man. The chapter exposes how Bathsheba's impulsive actions create consequences she struggles to control, while showing Boldwood's transformation from dignified farmer to lovesick supplicant. Hardy reveals the intoxicating but destructive nature of power in relationships, and how good intentions can lead to emotional manipulation.

Coming Up in Chapter 24

That same night, in the darkness of the fir plantation, another crucial conversation unfolds—one that will shift the balance of power once again and force Bathsheba to confront truths she's been avoiding.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 2166 words)

E

VENTIDE—A SECOND DECLARATION

For the shearing-supper a long table was placed on the grass-plot
beside the house, the end of the table being thrust over the sill of
the wide parlour window and a foot or two into the room. Miss Everdene
sat inside the window, facing down the table. She was thus at the head
without mingling with the men.

This evening Bathsheba was unusually excited, her red cheeks and lips
contrasting lustrously with the mazy skeins of her shadowy hair. She
seemed to expect assistance, and the seat at the bottom of the table
was at her request left vacant until after they had begun the meal. She
then asked Gabriel to take the place and the duties appertaining to
that end, which he did with great readiness.

At this moment Mr. Boldwood came in at the gate, and crossed the green
to Bathsheba at the window. He apologized for his lateness: his arrival
was evidently by arrangement.

“Gabriel,” said she, “will you move again, please, and let Mr. Boldwood
come there?”

Oak moved in silence back to his original seat.

The gentleman-farmer was dressed in cheerful style, in a new coat and
white waistcoat, quite contrasting with his usual sober suits of grey.
Inwardy, too, he was blithe, and consequently chatty to an exceptional
degree. So also was Bathsheba now that he had come, though the
uninvited presence of Pennyways, the bailiff who had been dismissed for
theft, disturbed her equanimity for a while.

Supper being ended, Coggan began on his own private account, without
reference to listeners:—

I’ve lost my love, and I care not,
I’ve lost my love, and I care not;
I shall soon have another
That’s better than t’other;
I’ve lost my love, and I care not.

This lyric, when concluded, was received with a silently appreciative
gaze at the table, implying that the performance, like a work by those
established authors who are independent of notices in the papers, was a
well-known delight which required no applause.

“Now, Master Poorgrass, your song!” said Coggan.

“I be all but in liquor, and the gift is wanting in me,” said Joseph,
diminishing himself.

“Nonsense; wou’st never be so ungrateful, Joseph—never!” said Coggan,
expressing hurt feelings by an inflection of voice. “And mistress is
looking hard at ye, as much as to say, ‘Sing at once, Joseph
Poorgrass.’”

“Faith, so she is; well, I must suffer it!... Just eye my features, and
see if the tell-tale blood overheats me much, neighbours?”

“No, yer blushes be quite reasonable,” said Coggan.

“I always tries to keep my colours from rising when a beauty’s eyes get
fixed on me,” said Joseph, differently; “but if so be ’tis willed they
do, they must.”

“Now, Joseph, your song, please,” said Bathsheba, from the window.

“Well, really, ma’am,” he replied, in a yielding tone, “I don’t know
what to say. It would be a poor plain ballet of my own composure.”

“Hear, hear!” said the supper-party.

Poorgrass, thus assured, trilled forth a flickering yet commendable
piece of sentiment, the tune of which consisted of the key-note and
another, the latter being the sound chiefly dwelt upon. This was so
successful that he rashly plunged into a second in the same breath,
after a few false starts:—

I sow′-ed th′-e.....
I sow′-ed.....
I sow′-ed th′-e seeds′ of′ love′,
I-it was′ all′ i′-in the′-e spring′,
I-in A′-pril′, Ma′-ay, a′-nd sun′-ny′ June′,
When sma′-all bi′-irds they′ do′ sing.

“Well put out of hand,” said Coggan, at the end of the verse. “‘They do
sing’ was a very taking paragraph.”

“Ay; and there was a pretty place at ‘seeds of love.’ and ’twas well
heaved out. Though ‘love’ is a nasty high corner when a man’s voice is
getting crazed. Next verse, Master Poorgrass.”

But during this rendering young Bob Coggan exhibited one of those
anomalies which will afflict little people when other persons are
particularly serious: in trying to check his laughter, he pushed down
his throat as much of the tablecloth as he could get hold of, when,
after continuing hermetically sealed for a short time, his mirth burst
out through his nose. Joseph perceived it, and with hectic cheeks of
indignation instantly ceased singing. Coggan boxed Bob’s ears
immediately.

“Go on, Joseph—go on, and never mind the young scamp,” said Coggan.
“’Tis a very catching ballet. Now then again—the next bar; I’ll help ye
to flourish up the shrill notes where yer wind is rather wheezy:—

Oh the wi′-il-lo′-ow tree′ will′ twist′,
And the wil′-low′ tre′-ee wi′-ill twine′.

But the singer could not be set going again. Bob Coggan was sent home
for his ill manners, and tranquility was restored by Jacob Smallbury,
who volunteered a ballad as inclusive and interminable as that with
which the worthy toper old Silenus amused on a similar occasion the
swains Chromis and Mnasylus, and other jolly dogs of his day.

It was still the beaming time of evening, though night was stealthily
making itself visible low down upon the ground, the western lines of
light raking the earth without alighting upon it to any extent, or
illuminating the dead levels at all. The sun had crept round the tree
as a last effort before death, and then began to sink, the shearers’
lower parts becoming steeped in embrowning twilight, whilst their heads
and shoulders were still enjoying day, touched with a yellow of
self-sustained brilliancy that seemed inherent rather than acquired.

The sun went down in an ochreous mist; but they sat, and talked on, and
grew as merry as the gods in Homer’s heaven. Bathsheba still remained
enthroned inside the window, and occupied herself in knitting, from
which she sometimes looked up to view the fading scene outside. The
slow twilight expanded and enveloped them completely before the signs
of moving were shown.

Gabriel suddenly missed Farmer Boldwood from his place at the bottom of
the table. How long he had been gone Oak did not know; but he had
apparently withdrawn into the encircling dusk. Whilst he was thinking
of this, Liddy brought candles into the back part of the room
overlooking the shearers, and their lively new flames shone down the
table and over the men, and dispersed among the green shadows behind.
Bathsheba’s form, still in its original position, was now again
distinct between their eyes and the light, which revealed that Boldwood
had gone inside the room, and was sitting near her.

Next came the question of the evening. Would Miss Everdene sing to them
the song she always sang so charmingly—“The Banks of Allan
Water”—before they went home?

After a moment’s consideration Bathsheba assented, beckoning to
Gabriel, who hastened up into the coveted atmosphere.

“Have you brought your flute?” she whispered.

“Yes, miss.”

“Play to my singing, then.”

She stood up in the window-opening, facing the men, the candles behind
her, Gabriel on her right hand, immediately outside the sash-frame.
Boldwood had drawn up on her left, within the room. Her singing was
soft and rather tremulous at first, but it soon swelled to a steady
clearness. Subsequent events caused one of the verses to be remembered
for many months, and even years, by more than one of those who were
gathered there:—

For his bride a soldier sought her,
And a winning tongue had he:
On the banks of Allan Water
None was gay as she!

In addition to the dulcet piping of Gabriel’s flute, Boldwood supplied
a bass in his customary profound voice, uttering his notes so softly,
however, as to abstain entirely from making anything like an ordinary
duet of the song; they rather formed a rich unexplored shadow, which
threw her tones into relief. The shearers reclined against each other
as at suppers in the early ages of the world, and so silent and
absorbed were they that her breathing could almost be heard between the
bars; and at the end of the ballad, when the last tone loitered on to
an inexpressible close, there arose that buzz of pleasure which is the
attar of applause.

It is scarcely necessary to state that Gabriel could not avoid noting
the farmer’s bearing to-night towards their entertainer. Yet there was
nothing exceptional in his actions beyond what appertained to his time
of performing them. It was when the rest were all looking away that
Boldwood observed her; when they regarded her he turned aside; when
they thanked or praised he was silent; when they were inattentive he
murmured his thanks. The meaning lay in the difference between actions,
none of which had any meaning of itself; and the necessity of being
jealous, which lovers are troubled with, did not lead Oak to
underestimate these signs.

Bathsheba then wished them good-night, withdrew from the window, and
retired to the back part of the room, Boldwood thereupon closing the
sash and the shutters, and remaining inside with her. Oak wandered away
under the quiet and scented trees. Recovering from the softer
impressions produced by Bathsheba’s voice, the shearers rose to leave,
Coggan turning to Pennyways as he pushed back the bench to pass out:—

“I like to give praise where praise is due, and the man deserves
it—that ’a do so,” he remarked, looking at the worthy thief, as if he
were the masterpiece of some world-renowned artist.

“I’m sure I should never have believed it if we hadn’t proved it, so to
allude,” hiccupped Joseph Poorgrass, “that every cup, every one of the
best knives and forks, and every empty bottle be in their place as
perfect now as at the beginning, and not one stole at all.”

“I’m sure I don’t deserve half the praise you give me,” said the
virtuous thief, grimly.

“Well, I’ll say this for Pennyways,” added Coggan, “that whenever he do
really make up his mind to do a noble thing in the shape of a good
action, as I could see by his face he did to-night afore sitting down,
he’s generally able to carry it out. Yes, I’m proud to say, neighbours,
that he’s stole nothing at all.”

“Well, ’tis an honest deed, and we thank ye for it, Pennyways,” said
Joseph; to which opinion the remainder of the company subscribed
unanimously.

At this time of departure, when nothing more was visible of the inside
of the parlour than a thin and still chink of light between the
shutters, a passionate scene was in course of enactment there.

Miss Everdene and Boldwood were alone. Her cheeks had lost a great deal
of their healthful fire from the very seriousness of her position; but
her eye was bright with the excitement of a triumph—though it was a
triumph which had rather been contemplated than desired.

She was standing behind a low arm-chair, from which she had just risen,
and he was kneeling in it—inclining himself over its back towards her,
and holding her hand in both his own. His body moved restlessly, and it
was with what Keats daintily calls a too happy happiness. This unwonted
abstraction by love of all dignity from a man of whom it had ever
seemed the chief component, was, in its distressing incongruity, a pain
to her which quenched much of the pleasure she derived from the proof
that she was idolized.

“I will try to love you,” she was saying, in a trembling voice quite
unlike her usual self-confidence. “And if I can believe in any way that
I shall make you a good wife I shall indeed be willing to marry you.
But, Mr. Boldwood, hesitation on so high a matter is honourable in any
woman, and I don’t want to give a solemn promise to-night. I would
rather ask you to wait a few weeks till I can see my situation better.

“But you have every reason to believe that then—”

“I have every reason to hope that at the end of the five or six weeks,
between this time and harvest, that you say you are going to be away
from home, I shall be able to promise to be your wife,” she said,
firmly. “But remember this distinctly, I don’t promise yet.”

“It is enough; I don’t ask more. I can wait on those dear words. And
now, Miss Everdene, good-night!”

“Good-night,” she said, graciously—almost tenderly; and Boldwood
withdrew with a serene smile.

Bathsheba knew more of him now; he had entirely bared his heart before
her, even until he had almost worn in her eyes the sorry look of a
grand bird without the feathers that make it grand. She had been
awe-struck at her past temerity, and was struggling to make amends
without thinking whether the sin quite deserved the penalty she was
schooling herself to pay. To have brought all this about her ears was
terrible; but after a while the situation was not without a fearful
joy. The facility with which even the most timid women sometimes
acquire a relish for the dreadful when that is amalgamated with a
little triumph, is marvellous.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Guilt Currency Trap
This chapter reveals a dangerous pattern: when we accept responsibility for someone else's emotional response to our actions, we hand them power over our future decisions. Bathsheba feels guilty about the valentine that sparked Boldwood's obsession, and this guilt becomes the currency he uses to purchase her conditional acceptance of marriage. The mechanism works through emotional debt collection. Boldwood doesn't argue his worthiness or her feelings—he leverages her guilt. 'You gave me reason to hope,' becomes 'You owe me consideration.' Bathsheba, trapped between her conscience and her autonomy, makes a compromise that satisfies neither. She agrees to consider marriage not from desire but from a misguided sense of responsibility for his pain. Meanwhile, she enjoys the intoxicating rush of seeing a respected man reduced to pleading—power that feels like control but is actually entrapment. This exact pattern plays out everywhere today. The guilt-tripping supervisor who makes you responsible for their stress when you set boundaries. The family member who weaponizes your past mistakes to control current decisions. The ex-partner who argues you 'owe them' another chance because of the good times you shared. The patient who makes their healthcare worker feel guilty for following protocols. Each situation follows the same script: your action, their reaction, your guilt, their leverage. When you recognize this pattern, stop and ask: Am I responsible for their feelings, or just for my actions? You can acknowledge that your actions had unintended consequences without accepting ownership of someone else's emotional response. Set clear boundaries: 'I understand you're hurt, but that doesn't obligate me to...' Don't negotiate with guilt-based arguments. Address the underlying issue directly, not through the currency of emotional debt. When you can name the pattern, predict where it leads, and navigate it successfully—that's amplified intelligence. Guilt is a compass for conscience, not a leash for control.

When someone leverages your guilt over past actions to control your future decisions, turning your conscience into their bargaining chip.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Detecting Guilt-Based Manipulation

This chapter teaches how to recognize when someone weaponizes your conscience against your autonomy.

Practice This Today

Next time someone argues you 'owe them' something based on their emotional response to your past actions, pause and ask: Am I responsible for their feelings, or just for my own behavior?

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"Gabriel, will you move again, please, and let Mr. Boldwood come there?"

— Bathsheba Everdene

Context: She publicly demotes Gabriel from the head of the table when Boldwood arrives

This seemingly polite request is actually a power play performed in front of all the workers. Bathsheba shows everyone her romantic preferences while forcing Gabriel to accept public humiliation. The word 'please' makes it sound courteous while the action is cruel.

In Today's Words:

Move over - the important person just showed up.

"Oak moved in silence back to his original seat."

— Narrator

Context: Gabriel's response to being publicly demoted at the dinner table

Gabriel's silent compliance reveals both his deep love for Bathsheba and his painful understanding of where he stands. He doesn't protest or show anger because he knows it would only make things worse. His dignity comes from accepting humiliation gracefully.

In Today's Words:

He took the hint and didn't make a scene, even though it hurt.

"I will try to love you. Yes, I will!"

— Bathsheba Everdene

Context: Her response to Boldwood's desperate second marriage proposal

This conditional acceptance reveals Bathsheba's fatal flaw - she can't make clean decisions. Instead of honest rejection, she offers hope based on guilt and obligation. The phrase 'try to love' shows she doesn't love him now but feels she should, which will doom them both.

In Today's Words:

I'll give it a shot, I guess - maybe I can learn to feel something for you.

Thematic Threads

Power

In This Chapter

Bathsheba discovers the intoxicating nature of having respected men compete for her attention, but this power becomes a prison when guilt forces her into unwanted commitments

Development

Evolved from her initial naive enjoyment of male attention to understanding its dangerous consequences

In Your Life:

You might feel this when you realize your approval or attention has more impact on others than you expected, creating obligations you never intended.

Guilt

In This Chapter

Bathsheba's remorse over the valentine becomes Boldwood's primary tool for securing her conditional acceptance of marriage

Development

Introduced here as the driving force behind major life decisions

In Your Life:

You might recognize this when someone uses your past mistakes or their hurt feelings to pressure you into current commitments.

Class

In This Chapter

The shearing supper reveals how social hierarchies can be manipulated—Bathsheba elevates Gabriel then demotes him based on who's watching

Development

Continues the exploration of how class boundaries are both rigid and surprisingly fluid

In Your Life:

You might see this in how you adjust your behavior or associations based on who's present in professional or social settings.

Manipulation

In This Chapter

Both Bathsheba and Boldwood manipulate each other—she through guilt-driven concessions, he through emotional pressure disguised as reasonable requests

Development

Growing more sophisticated as characters learn to use each other's weaknesses

In Your Life:

You might notice this when someone frames their demands as your moral obligation or when you find yourself agreeing to things you don't want to avoid conflict.

Consequences

In This Chapter

The valentine's aftermath shows how impulsive actions create cascading obligations that become harder to escape over time

Development

Building from earlier impulsive decisions to show how consequences compound

In Your Life:

You might experience this when a small decision or joke spirals into major life complications that feel impossible to untangle.

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    Why does Bathsheba seat Gabriel at the head table, then move him when Boldwood arrives? What does this reveal about how she handles social situations?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    Boldwood doesn't argue that Bathsheba loves him or that he's the best choice. Instead, he focuses on the valentine and says 'You gave me reason to hope.' Why is this approach more effective than romantic declarations?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Think about times when someone has made you feel responsible for their emotional reaction to something you did. How did that change your behavior toward them?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    Bathsheba agrees to 'consider' marriage after harvest, not because she wants to, but because she feels guilty. When have you made decisions based on guilt rather than what you actually wanted? How did it turn out?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    Hardy shows us that feeling powerful (controlling Boldwood's emotions) can actually trap us (obligating us to consider his proposal). What does this suggest about the difference between real power and the illusion of control?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Rewrite the Guilt Script

Think of a situation where someone used your past actions to pressure you into a current decision (like Boldwood using the valentine). Write out what they said, then rewrite how you could have responded differently. Focus on acknowledging impact without accepting ownership of their feelings.

Consider:

  • •Separate your actions from their emotional response - you can own one without owning the other
  • •Notice the difference between 'I understand this hurt you' and 'I am responsible for fixing your hurt'
  • •Consider what you actually owe someone versus what guilt makes you think you owe

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you felt trapped by someone else's expectations based on something you did in the past. How might you handle a similar situation differently now?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 24: Tangled in the Dark

That same night, in the darkness of the fir plantation, another crucial conversation unfolds—one that will shift the balance of power once again and force Bathsheba to confront truths she's been avoiding.

Continue to Chapter 24
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The Sheep-Shearing and Painful Realizations
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Tangled in the Dark

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