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Candide - When Good Intentions Go Horribly Wrong

Voltaire

Candide

When Good Intentions Go Horribly Wrong

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Summary

When Good Intentions Go Horribly Wrong

Candide by Voltaire

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Candide and Cacambo flee deeper into the wilderness, where Candide's attempt at heroism nearly gets them both killed. When he sees two girls being chased by monkeys, Candide shoots the animals to 'rescue' the women—only to discover he's just killed their lovers. The grieving girls report them to the local Oreillon tribe, who capture the travelers and prepare to cook them alive, believing Candide is a hated Jesuit priest. This darkly comic episode exposes how Candide's European assumptions about 'civilization' and 'nature' blind him to other ways of living. What he sees as bestiality, others see as normal relationships. What he thinks is heroic rescue is actually murder. The chapter's brilliance lies in Cacambo's quick thinking—he talks their way out of death by proving Candide killed a Jesuit rather than being one. The Oreillons, who seemed like 'savage cannibals' to European eyes, turn out to be reasonable people who follow logical principles of justice. They release the travelers with honor once they understand the truth. Voltaire uses this absurd situation to skewer both European prejudices about 'primitive' peoples and the dangerous naivety of assuming your moral framework applies everywhere. The chapter shows how snap judgments based on limited perspective can be literally life-threatening, while also suggesting that most people, regardless of culture, can be reasoned with when approached with respect rather than condescension.

Coming Up in Chapter 17

Just when things couldn't get stranger, Candide and Cacambo stumble upon the legendary El Dorado—a place that will challenge everything they think they know about wealth, happiness, and what makes a perfect society.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1234 words)

A

DVENTURES OF THE TWO TRAVELLERS, WITH TWO GIRLS, TWO MONKEYS, AND THE
SAVAGES CALLED OREILLONS.

Candide and his valet had got beyond the barrier, before it was known in
the camp that the German Jesuit was dead. The wary Cacambo had taken
care to fill his wallet with bread, chocolate, bacon, fruit, and a few
bottles of wine. With their Andalusian horses they penetrated into an
unknown country, where they perceived no beaten track. At length they
came to a beautiful meadow intersected with purling rills. Here our two
adventurers fed their horses. Cacambo proposed to his master to take
some food, and he set him an example.

"How can you ask me to eat ham," said Candide, "after killing the
Baron's son, and being doomed never more to see the beautiful Cunegonde?
What will it avail me to spin out my wretched days and drag them far
from her in remorse and despair? And what will the Journal of
Trevoux
[17] say?"

While he was thus lamenting his fate, he went on eating. The sun went
down. The two wanderers heard some little cries which seemed to be
uttered by women. They did not know whether they were cries of pain or
joy; but they started up precipitately with that inquietude and alarm
which every little thing inspires in an unknown country. The noise was
made by two naked girls, who tripped along the mead, while two monkeys
were pursuing them and biting their buttocks. Candide was moved with
pity; he had learned to fire a gun in the Bulgarian service, and he was
so clever at it, that he could hit a filbert in a hedge without touching
a leaf of the tree. He took up his double-barrelled Spanish fusil, let
it off, and killed the two monkeys.

"God be praised! My dear Cacambo, I have rescued those two poor
creatures from a most perilous situation. If I have committed a sin in
killing an Inquisitor and a Jesuit, I have made ample amends by saving
the lives of these girls. Perhaps they are young ladies of family; and
this adventure may procure us great advantages in this country."

He was continuing, but stopped short when he saw the two girls tenderly
embracing the monkeys, bathing their bodies in tears, and rending the
air with the most dismal lamentations.

"Little did I expect to see such good-nature," said he at length to
Cacambo; who made answer:

"Master, you have done a fine thing now; you have slain the sweethearts
of those two young ladies."

"The sweethearts! Is it possible? You are jesting, Cacambo, I can never
believe it!"

"Dear master," replied Cacambo; "you are surprised at everything. Why
should you think it so strange that in some countries there are monkeys
which insinuate themselves into the good graces of the ladies; they are
a fourth part human, as I am a fourth part Spaniard."

"Alas!" replied Candide, "I remember to have heard Master Pangloss say,
that formerly such accidents used to happen; that these mixtures were
productive of Centaurs, Fauns, and Satyrs; and that many of the ancients
had seen such monsters, but I looked upon the whole as fabulous."

"You ought now to be convinced," said Cacambo, "that it is the truth,
and you see what use is made of those creatures, by persons that have
not had a proper education; all I fear is that those ladies will play us
some ugly trick."

These sound reflections induced Candide to leave the meadow and to
plunge into a wood. He supped there with Cacambo; and after cursing the
Portuguese inquisitor, the Governor of Buenos Ayres, and the Baron, they
fell asleep on moss. On awaking they felt that they could not move; for
during the night the Oreillons, who inhabited that country, and to whom
the ladies had denounced them, had bound them with cords made of the
bark of trees. They were encompassed by fifty naked Oreillons, armed
with bows and arrows, with clubs and flint hatchets. Some were making a
large cauldron boil, others were preparing spits, and all cried:

"A Jesuit! a Jesuit! we shall be revenged, we shall have excellent
cheer, let us eat the Jesuit, let us eat him up!"

"I told you, my dear master," cried Cacambo sadly, "that those two girls
would play us some ugly trick."

Candide seeing the cauldron and the spits, cried:

"We are certainly going to be either roasted or boiled. Ah! what would
Master Pangloss say, were he to see how pure nature is formed?
Everything is right, may be, but I declare it is very hard to have lost
Miss Cunegonde and to be put upon a spit by Oreillons."

Cacambo never lost his head.

"Do not despair," said he to the disconsolate Candide, "I understand a
little of the jargon of these people, I will speak to them."

"Be sure," said Candide, "to represent to them how frightfully inhuman
it is to cook men, and how very un-Christian."

"Gentlemen," said Cacambo, "you reckon you are to-day going to feast
upon a Jesuit. It is all very well, nothing is more unjust than thus to
treat your enemies. Indeed, the law of nature teaches us to kill our
neighbour, and such is the practice all over the world. If we do not
accustom ourselves to eating them, it is because we have better fare.
But you have not the same resources as we; certainly it is much better
to devour your enemies than to resign to the crows and rooks the fruits
of your victory. But, gentlemen, surely you would not choose to eat your
friends. You believe that you are going to spit a Jesuit, and he is your
defender. It is the enemy of your enemies that you are going to roast.
As for myself, I was born in your country; this gentleman is my master,
and, far from being a Jesuit, he has just killed one, whose spoils he
wears; and thence comes your mistake. To convince you of the truth of
what I say, take his habit and carry it to the first barrier of the
Jesuit kingdom, and inform yourselves whether my master did not kill a
Jesuit officer. It will not take you long, and you can always eat us if
you find that I have lied to you. But I have told you the truth. You are
too well acquainted with the principles of public law, humanity, and
justice not to pardon us."

The Oreillons found this speech very reasonable. They deputed two of
their principal people with all expedition to inquire into the truth of
the matter; these executed their commission like men of sense, and soon
returned with good news. The Oreillons untied their prisoners, showed
them all sorts of civilities, offered them girls, gave them refreshment,
and reconducted them to the confines of their territories, proclaiming
with great joy:

"He is no Jesuit! He is no Jesuit!"

Candide could not help being surprised at the cause of his deliverance.

"What people!" said he; "what men! what manners! If I had not been so
lucky as to run Miss Cunegonde's brother through the body, I should have
been devoured without redemption. But, after all, pure nature is good,
since these people, instead of feasting upon my flesh, have shown me a
thousand civilities, when then I was not a Jesuit."

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: Assumed Authority
This chapter reveals a dangerous pattern: when we assume our way of seeing the world gives us the right to act decisively in situations we don't understand. Candide sees what looks like assault and immediately shoots, never pausing to question whether his interpretation might be wrong. He's operating from a position of assumed moral authority—believing his European perspective automatically makes him the good guy who should intervene. The mechanism is deadly simple: limited information + cultural assumptions + immediate action = disaster. Candide can't imagine that what looks wrong to him might be normal elsewhere. His worldview doesn't include the possibility that he's the outsider who doesn't understand the situation. This isn't stupidity—it's the natural result of growing up believing your culture represents universal truth. When you've never had to question your basic assumptions, you don't develop the reflex to pause and gather information before acting. This exact pattern destroys relationships and careers daily. The manager who sees two employees having an intense conversation and immediately assumes conflict, jumping in to 'mediate' a brainstorming session. The parent who sees their teenager's friend and makes snap judgments based on appearance, creating family drama over imaginary threats. The nurse who sees a patient's family member speaking loudly and calls security, not realizing they're from a culture where that's normal concern, not aggression. The neighbor who calls the police on kids playing 'too loudly,' never considering that their idea of acceptable noise might not be universal law. When you catch yourself ready to intervene based on assumptions, stop. Ask questions first: 'What don't I understand about this situation?' Look for information that contradicts your first impression. Most importantly, remember that being right about your own experience doesn't make you right about everyone else's. The smartest move is often admitting you might be missing crucial context. When you can name the pattern of assumed authority, predict where it leads to conflict, and navigate it by gathering information before acting—that's amplified intelligence.

Acting decisively in situations you don't understand because your perspective feels universally correct.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Reading Situations Before Acting

This chapter teaches how to gather context before intervening, preventing well-intentioned actions from causing harm.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you feel the urge to 'help' or 'fix' a situation—pause and ask one clarifying question before acting.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"How can you ask me to eat ham, after killing the Baron's son, and being doomed never more to see the beautiful Cunegonde?"

— Candide

Context: When Cacambo suggests they eat while fleeing

Shows how Candide dramatizes his suffering while actually doing exactly what he claims he can't do. He's eating while complaining about eating, revealing the gap between his self-image and reality.

In Today's Words:

How can you expect me to enjoy anything when my life is ruined?

"Candide was moved with pity"

— Narrator

Context: When Candide sees the girls being chased by monkeys

The word 'pity' reveals Candide's assumption of superiority - he feels sorry for people who don't actually need his help. His emotional reaction clouds his judgment about what's really happening.

In Today's Words:

Candide felt bad for them

"These two girls were their mistresses"

— Cacambo

Context: Explaining to Candide why the girls are crying over the dead monkeys

This revelation destroys Candide's assumptions about civilization and nature. What he saw as bestiality was actually love, showing how cultural perspective shapes what we see as normal or abnormal.

In Today's Words:

Those monkeys were their boyfriends

Thematic Threads

Cultural Assumptions

In This Chapter

Candide's European worldview blinds him to other ways of living, leading him to 'rescue' women from their actual lovers

Development

Introduced here as Candide encounters truly foreign perspectives for the first time

In Your Life:

You might assume your family's way of handling conflict or showing love is the only normal way.

Snap Judgments

In This Chapter

Candide shoots first without understanding the situation, nearly getting them both killed

Development

Builds on his pattern of reacting emotionally without thinking through consequences

In Your Life:

You might make quick decisions about coworkers or neighbors based on limited observations.

Perspective

In This Chapter

What looks like savage cannibalism to Candide turns out to be reasonable justice from people who follow logical principles

Development

Introduced here as Voltaire directly challenges European superiority assumptions

In Your Life:

You might discover that people you judged harshly actually have good reasons for their choices.

Communication

In This Chapter

Cacambo saves them by taking time to explain and reason rather than making assumptions

Development

Introduced here as the alternative to Candide's reactive approach

In Your Life:

You might find that explaining your situation calmly works better than assuming others should understand you.

Identity

In This Chapter

The Oreillons' hatred of Jesuits nearly gets Candide killed for being mistaken as something he's not

Development

Continues the theme of how others' perceptions can determine your fate regardless of who you actually are

In Your Life:

You might be judged by your job title, address, or appearance rather than your actual character.

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    What assumptions did Candide make when he saw the girls with the monkeys, and how did those assumptions lead to disaster?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    Why didn't Candide pause to understand the situation before acting? What was driving his need to intervene immediately?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Where do you see this pattern of 'assumed authority' in modern workplaces, families, or communities?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    How can you tell the difference between a situation that genuinely needs intervention and one where you're just imposing your own perspective?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does this chapter reveal about how our cultural background shapes what we see as 'obviously right' or 'obviously wrong'?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Rewrite the Scene from Three Perspectives

Write three short paragraphs describing the monkey incident: first from Candide's perspective, then from one of the girls' perspectives, then from an Oreillon observer's perspective. Notice how the same events look completely different depending on who's telling the story and what they understand about the situation.

Consider:

  • •What information does each person have that the others don't?
  • •How do their cultural backgrounds shape what they see as normal or alarming?
  • •Which perspective feels most 'true' to you, and why might that be?

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you jumped into a situation based on assumptions, only to discover you'd misunderstood what was really happening. What warning signs could have told you to pause and gather more information first?

Coming Up Next...

Chapter 17: Finding Paradise by Accident

Just when things couldn't get stranger, Candide and Cacambo stumble upon the legendary El Dorado—a place that will challenge everything they think they know about wealth, happiness, and what makes a perfect society.

Continue to Chapter 17
Previous
When Class Trumps Love
Contents
Next
Finding Paradise by Accident

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