Summary
Beowulf prepares to leave Denmark, and this farewell scene reveals the deep bonds forged through shared struggle. As he addresses King Hrothgar, Beowulf doesn't just say goodbye—he makes promises for the future. He pledges that if Hrothgar ever needs help again, he'll return with an army. He assures the king that his own lord, Higelac, will support this alliance. This isn't empty politeness; it's strategic relationship-building that could benefit both peoples for generations. Hrothgar's response is equally significant. The old king doesn't just thank Beowulf—he sees his potential as a future leader. Hrothgar tells him that if anything happens to Higelac, the Geats couldn't find a better king than Beowulf. This moment shows how great leaders recognize and encourage greatness in others. The emotional weight of their parting is palpable. Hrothgar gives Beowulf twelve precious gifts, then kisses him and weeps. These aren't tears of weakness but of genuine affection and loss. The old king knows he may never see this young hero again, and the grief is real. For Beowulf, this departure marks his transformation from a young warrior seeking glory to a mature leader who understands the value of alliances and loyalty. The chapter emphasizes that true strength isn't just physical—it's the ability to build bridges between peoples and create lasting peace through personal bonds.
Coming Up in Chapter 28
Beowulf returns to his homeland, but his adventures in Denmark are just the beginning. The young hero must now face the expectations and responsibilities that come with his newfound reputation.
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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 713 words)
SORROW AT PARTING.
{Beowulf's farewell.}
Beowulf spake, Ecgtheow's offspring:
"We men of the water wish to declare now
Fared from far-lands, we're firmly determined
To seek King Higelac. Here have we fitly
5 Been welcomed and feasted, as heart would desire it;
Good was the greeting. If greater affection
I am anywise able ever on earth to
Gain at thy hands, ruler of heroes,
Than yet I have done, I shall quickly be ready
{I shall be ever ready to aid thee.}
10 For combat and conflict. O'er the course of the waters
Learn I that neighbors alarm thee with terror,
As haters did whilom, I hither will bring thee
For help unto heroes henchmen by thousands.
{My liegelord will encourage me in aiding thee.}
I know as to Higelac, the lord of the Geatmen,
15 Though young in years, he yet will permit me,
By words and by works, ward of the people,
Fully to furnish thee forces and bear thee
My lance to relieve thee, if liegemen shall fail thee,
And help of my hand-strength; if Hrethric be treating,
[63] 20 Bairn of the king, at the court of the Geatmen,
He thereat may find him friends in abundance:
Faraway countries he were better to seek for
Who trusts in himself." Hrothgar discoursed then,
Making rejoinder: "These words thou hast uttered
25 All-knowing God hath given thy spirit!
{O Beowulf, thou art wise beyond thy years.}
Ne'er heard I an earlman thus early in life
More clever in speaking: thou'rt cautious of spirit,
Mighty of muscle, in mouth-answers prudent.
I count on the hope that, happen it ever
30 That missile shall rob thee of Hrethel's descendant,
Edge-horrid battle, and illness or weapon
Deprive thee of prince, of people's protector,
{Should Higelac die, the Geats could find no better successor than thou
wouldst make.}
And life thou yet holdest, the Sea-Geats will never
Find a more fitting folk-lord to choose them,
35 Gem-ward of heroes, than _thou_ mightest prove thee,
If the kingdom of kinsmen thou carest to govern.
Thy mood-spirit likes me the longer the better,
Beowulf dear: thou hast brought it to pass that
To both these peoples peace shall be common,
{Thou hast healed the ancient breach between our races.}
40 To Geat-folk and Danemen, the strife be suspended,
The secret assailings they suffered in yore-days;
And also that jewels be shared while I govern
The wide-stretching kingdom, and that many shall visit
Others o'er the ocean with excellent gift-gems:
45 The ring-adorned bark shall bring o'er the currents
Presents and love-gifts. This people I know
Tow'rd foeman and friend firmly established,[1]
After ancient etiquette everywise blameless."
Then the warden of earlmen gave him still farther,
{Parting gifts}
50 Kinsman of Healfdene, a dozen of jewels,
Bade him safely seek with the presents
His well-beloved people, early returning.
[64]
{Hrothgar kisses Beowulf, and weeps.}
Then the noble-born king kissed the distinguished,
Dear-lovèd liegeman, the Dane-prince saluted him,
55 And claspèd his neck; tears from him fell,
From the gray-headed man: he two things expected,
Agèd and reverend, but rather the second,
[2]That bold in council they'd meet thereafter.
The man was so dear that he failed to suppress the
60 Emotions that moved him, but in mood-fetters fastened
{The old king is deeply grieved to part with his benefactor.}
The long-famous hero longeth in secret
Deep in his spirit for the dear-beloved man
Though not a blood-kinsman. Beowulf thenceward,
Gold-splendid warrior, walked o'er the meadows
65 Exulting in treasure: the sea-going vessel
Riding at anchor awaited its owner.
As they pressed on their way then, the present of Hrothgar
{Giving liberally is the true proof of kingship.}
Was frequently referred to: a folk-king indeed that
Everyway blameless, till age did debar him
70 The joys of his might, which hath many oft injured.
[1] For 'geworhte,' the crux of this passage, B. proposes 'geþóhte,'
rendering: _I know this people with firm thought every way blameless
towards foe and friends_.
[2] S. and B. emend so as to negative the verb 'meet.' "Why should
Hrothgar weep if he expects to meet Beowulf again?" both these
scholars ask. But the weeping is mentioned before the 'expectations':
the tears may have been due to many emotions, especially gratitude,
struggling for expression.Master this chapter. Complete your experience
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Strategic Goodbyes
Turning endings into beginnings by creating mutual obligations and maintaining valuable relationships through transitions.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to transform endings into beginnings by creating mutual value and maintaining professional networks.
Practice This Today
Next time you're leaving any situation, ask yourself: What specific help can I offer in the future, and what commitments can I get in return?
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Comitatus
The warrior-band loyalty system where fighters pledge absolute loyalty to their lord in exchange for protection, gifts, and honor. It's a two-way street of obligation and reward that binds the group together.
Modern Usage:
We see this in tight-knit military units, police forces, or even loyal work teams where people have each other's backs no matter what.
Ring-giver
A king or lord who maintains loyalty by distributing treasure, weapons, and gifts to his warriors. The generosity shows power and creates lasting bonds of obligation.
Modern Usage:
Like a boss who takes care of their team with bonuses, promotions, or perks to keep good people loyal to the company.
Wergild
The system of paying compensation for crimes instead of seeking revenge. It helped prevent endless blood feuds by putting a price on justice.
Modern Usage:
Similar to how we use lawsuits and financial settlements to resolve disputes instead of personal vengeance.
Mead-hall diplomacy
Conducting important political business through feasting, gift-giving, and ceremony. These rituals build trust and seal agreements between groups.
Modern Usage:
Like business dinners, networking events, or any situation where deals get made over food and drinks in a social setting.
Oath-binding
Making solemn promises that carry serious consequences if broken. Your word becomes your bond, and breaking it destroys your reputation forever.
Modern Usage:
Similar to signing contracts, making marriage vows, or any situation where your credibility depends on keeping your promises.
Succession planning
The process of identifying and preparing future leaders before they're needed. Wise rulers groom successors to ensure smooth transitions of power.
Modern Usage:
Like mentoring programs, leadership development, or training someone to take over your job when you retire.
Characters in This Chapter
Beowulf
Departing hero
Shows his growth from glory-seeking warrior to diplomatic leader. He makes strategic promises for future alliances and demonstrates understanding of long-term political relationships.
Modern Equivalent:
The rising star who networks smartly and maintains relationships that will help their career later
Hrothgar
Wise mentor king
Acts as the experienced leader recognizing potential in the younger generation. He offers both gifts and wisdom, predicting Beowulf's future greatness as a ruler.
Modern Equivalent:
The veteran boss who spots talent and helps promising employees advance their careers
Higelac
Beowulf's lord
Though not present, his influence shapes the conversation. Beowulf speaks confidently about Higelac's support for future alliances, showing their strong relationship.
Modern Equivalent:
The supportive boss who backs their employee's decisions and professional relationships
Hrethric
Young prince
Represents the next generation who might benefit from the alliance Beowulf is building. His future is tied to these diplomatic relationships.
Modern Equivalent:
The boss's kid who might inherit the family business and needs good connections
Key Quotes & Analysis
"If greater affection I am anywise able ever on earth to gain at thy hands, ruler of heroes, than yet I have done, I shall quickly be ready for combat and conflict."
Context: Beowulf promises future military aid to Hrothgar before departing Denmark
This shows Beowulf's evolution from a young warrior seeking personal glory to a diplomatic leader building strategic alliances. He's thinking beyond this single victory to long-term political relationships.
In Today's Words:
If there's ever anything more I can do for you, just call me and I'll be there with backup.
"Ne'er heard I an earlman thus early in life more clever in speaking."
Context: Hrothgar praises Beowulf's wisdom and diplomatic skills during their farewell
The old king recognizes that Beowulf has both physical strength and political intelligence. This prediction of future leadership shows how mentors identify and encourage potential in others.
In Today's Words:
I've never met someone your age who's so smart about how to handle people and situations.
"Faraway countries he were better to seek for who trusts in himself."
Context: Beowulf suggests that Hrethric would find good allies among the Geats
This diplomatic invitation shows Beowulf thinking strategically about future generations. He's planting seeds for ongoing relationships between their peoples.
In Today's Words:
Someone with his confidence would do well in our organization - he should consider joining us.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Hrothgar publicly endorses Beowulf as future king material, elevating his social status through royal recognition
Development
Evolution from warrior proving worth to leader gaining political legitimacy
In Your Life:
Your reputation gets built when people in authority publicly vouch for your potential
Identity
In This Chapter
Beowulf transforms from glory-seeking warrior to diplomatic alliance-builder who thinks strategically
Development
Continued maturation from individual hero to someone who understands collective benefit
In Your Life:
You know you're growing when you start thinking about how your actions affect others long-term
Social Expectations
In This Chapter
Both men follow protocols of gift-giving, public promises, and emotional expression appropriate to their roles
Development
Reinforcement of how proper behavior maintains social order and relationships
In Your Life:
Following the unwritten rules of your workplace or community often matters more than being right
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
Beowulf shows maturity by making commitments he can keep and building sustainable relationships
Development
Progression from impulsive youth to calculating leader who thinks beyond immediate glory
In Your Life:
Real growth means considering consequences and building relationships that last beyond the current situation
Human Relationships
In This Chapter
Genuine affection and grief at parting, showing that political alliances can become personal bonds
Development
Deepening understanding that meaningful relationships combine practical benefit with emotional connection
In Your Life:
The best professional relationships become personal ones where people genuinely care about each other's success
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What specific promises does Beowulf make to Hrothgar before leaving, and why aren't these just empty words?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Hrothgar tell Beowulf he'd make a great king? What has he observed about Beowulf's character beyond his fighting ability?
analysis • medium - 3
Think about someone leaving your workplace or community recently. Did they burn bridges or build them? What was the difference in how people talked about them afterward?
application • medium - 4
If you had to leave your current job tomorrow, what specific steps would you take to maintain valuable relationships and leave doors open for the future?
application • deep - 5
Hrothgar weeps when Beowulf leaves, showing that powerful leaders can express genuine emotion. How does this challenge or confirm your ideas about strength and leadership?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Design Your Exit Strategy
Think of a situation you might need to leave someday - your job, your neighborhood, a relationship, or a group you belong to. Map out how you would leave in a way that builds bridges rather than burns them. What specific value could you offer? What relationships would you want to maintain? What would success look like five years later?
Consider:
- •What help could you offer that costs you little but means a lot to them?
- •Which relationships have potential for mutual benefit long-term?
- •How could you leave your replacement or successor in a better position?
- •What reputation do you want to have after you're gone?
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when someone left your life or workplace in a way that impressed you. What did they do that made their departure feel positive rather than painful? How did it affect how you thought about them afterward?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 28: The Journey Home and Queens Compared
What lies ahead teaches us gratitude and generosity create lasting relationships, and shows us leadership style defines a ruler's legacy. These patterns appear in literature and life alike.