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A Tale of Two Cities - The Lion and the Jackal

Charles Dickens

A Tale of Two Cities

The Lion and the Jackal

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Summary

The Lion and the Jackal

A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens

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This chapter reveals the true dynamic between lawyer Stryver and Sydney Carton through their late-night work sessions. While Stryver appears to be the successful one - climbing the legal ladder, gaining reputation and wealth - we discover he depends entirely on Carton's brilliant legal mind to do the actual intellectual work. Their relationship is captured in Dickens' metaphor: Stryver is the lion who gets the credit, while Carton is the jackal who does the hunting. Every night, Carton arrives drunk at Stryver's chambers and, with wet towels wrapped around his head to stay alert, works through legal cases while Stryver lounges and takes notes. The chapter exposes how Carton has been doing others' work since school, never applying his considerable talents to his own advancement. Stryver lectures Carton about lacking energy and purpose, but it's clear he's built his entire career on exploiting his friend's abilities. The chapter ends with Carton walking home through the grey London dawn, having a moment of clarity about what his life could have been - seeing a vision of honor, ambition, and achievement - before returning to his squalid room to sleep off another wasted night. This relationship illustrates how talent without self-advocacy gets consumed by those willing to take credit for others' work.

Coming Up in Chapter 12

The story shifts to the Manette household, where we'll meet the hundreds of people who gather in their home, and witness how different characters are drawn into Lucie's orbit of influence and healing.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 2132 words)

T

he Jackal

Those were drinking days, and most men drank hard. So very great is
the improvement Time has brought about in such habits, that a moderate
statement of the quantity of wine and punch which one man would swallow
in the course of a night, without any detriment to his reputation as a
perfect gentleman, would seem, in these days, a ridiculous exaggeration.
The learned profession of the law was certainly not behind any other
learned profession in its Bacchanalian propensities; neither was Mr.
Stryver, already fast shouldering his way to a large and lucrative
practice, behind his compeers in this particular, any more than in the
drier parts of the legal race.

A favourite at the Old Bailey, and eke at the Sessions, Mr. Stryver had
begun cautiously to hew away the lower staves of the ladder on which
he mounted. Sessions and Old Bailey had now to summon their favourite,
specially, to their longing arms; and shouldering itself towards the
visage of the Lord Chief Justice in the Court of King’s Bench, the
florid countenance of Mr. Stryver might be daily seen, bursting out of
the bed of wigs, like a great sunflower pushing its way at the sun from
among a rank garden-full of flaring companions.

It had once been noted at the Bar, that while Mr. Stryver was a glib
man, and an unscrupulous, and a ready, and a bold, he had not that
faculty of extracting the essence from a heap of statements, which is
among the most striking and necessary of the advocate’s accomplishments.
But, a remarkable improvement came upon him as to this. The more
business he got, the greater his power seemed to grow of getting at its
pith and marrow; and however late at night he sat carousing with Sydney
Carton, he always had his points at his fingers’ ends in the morning.

Sydney Carton, idlest and most unpromising of men, was Stryver’s great
ally. What the two drank together, between Hilary Term and Michaelmas,
might have floated a king’s ship. Stryver never had a case in hand,
anywhere, but Carton was there, with his hands in his pockets, staring
at the ceiling of the court; they went the same Circuit, and even there
they prolonged their usual orgies late into the night, and Carton was
rumoured to be seen at broad day, going home stealthily and unsteadily
to his lodgings, like a dissipated cat. At last, it began to get about,
among such as were interested in the matter, that although Sydney Carton
would never be a lion, he was an amazingly good jackal, and that he
rendered suit and service to Stryver in that humble capacity.

“Ten o’clock, sir,” said the man at the tavern, whom he had charged to
wake him--“ten o’clock, sir.”

“What’s the matter?”

“Ten o’clock, sir.”

“What do you mean? Ten o’clock at night?”

“Yes, sir. Your honour told me to call you.”

“Oh! I remember. Very well, very well.”

After a few dull efforts to get to sleep again, which the man
dexterously combated by stirring the fire continuously for five minutes,
he got up, tossed his hat on, and walked out. He turned into the Temple,
and, having revived himself by twice pacing the pavements of King’s
Bench-walk and Paper-buildings, turned into the Stryver chambers.

The Stryver clerk, who never assisted at these conferences, had gone
home, and the Stryver principal opened the door. He had his slippers on,
and a loose bed-gown, and his throat was bare for his greater ease. He
had that rather wild, strained, seared marking about the eyes, which
may be observed in all free livers of his class, from the portrait of
Jeffries downward, and which can be traced, under various disguises of
Art, through the portraits of every Drinking Age.

“You are a little late, Memory,” said Stryver.

“About the usual time; it may be a quarter of an hour later.”

They went into a dingy room lined with books and littered with papers,
where there was a blazing fire. A kettle steamed upon the hob, and in
the midst of the wreck of papers a table shone, with plenty of wine upon
it, and brandy, and rum, and sugar, and lemons.

“You have had your bottle, I perceive, Sydney.”

“Two to-night, I think. I have been dining with the day’s client; or
seeing him dine--it’s all one!”

“That was a rare point, Sydney, that you brought to bear upon the
identification. How did you come by it? When did it strike you?”

“I thought he was rather a handsome fellow, and I thought I should have
been much the same sort of fellow, if I had had any luck.”

Mr. Stryver laughed till he shook his precocious paunch.

“You and your luck, Sydney! Get to work, get to work.”

Sullenly enough, the jackal loosened his dress, went into an adjoining
room, and came back with a large jug of cold water, a basin, and a towel
or two. Steeping the towels in the water, and partially wringing them
out, he folded them on his head in a manner hideous to behold, sat down
at the table, and said, “Now I am ready!”

“Not much boiling down to be done to-night, Memory,” said Mr. Stryver,
gaily, as he looked among his papers.

“How much?”

“Only two sets of them.”

“Give me the worst first.”

“There they are, Sydney. Fire away!”

The lion then composed himself on his back on a sofa on one side of the
drinking-table, while the jackal sat at his own paper-bestrewn table
proper, on the other side of it, with the bottles and glasses ready to
his hand. Both resorted to the drinking-table without stint, but each in
a different way; the lion for the most part reclining with his hands in
his waistband, looking at the fire, or occasionally flirting with some
lighter document; the jackal, with knitted brows and intent face,
so deep in his task, that his eyes did not even follow the hand he
stretched out for his glass--which often groped about, for a minute or
more, before it found the glass for his lips. Two or three times, the
matter in hand became so knotty, that the jackal found it imperative on
him to get up, and steep his towels anew. From these pilgrimages to the
jug and basin, he returned with such eccentricities of damp headgear as
no words can describe; which were made the more ludicrous by his anxious
gravity.

At length the jackal had got together a compact repast for the lion, and
proceeded to offer it to him. The lion took it with care and caution,
made his selections from it, and his remarks upon it, and the jackal
assisted both. When the repast was fully discussed, the lion put his
hands in his waistband again, and lay down to meditate. The jackal then
invigorated himself with a bumper for his throttle, and a fresh application
to his head, and applied himself to the collection of a second meal;
this was administered to the lion in the same manner, and was not
disposed of until the clocks struck three in the morning.

“And now we have done, Sydney, fill a bumper of punch,” said Mr.
Stryver.

The jackal removed the towels from his head, which had been steaming
again, shook himself, yawned, shivered, and complied.

“You were very sound, Sydney, in the matter of those crown witnesses
to-day. Every question told.”

“I always am sound; am I not?”

“I don’t gainsay it. What has roughened your temper? Put some punch to
it and smooth it again.”

With a deprecatory grunt, the jackal again complied.

“The old Sydney Carton of old Shrewsbury School,” said Stryver, nodding
his head over him as he reviewed him in the present and the past, “the
old seesaw Sydney. Up one minute and down the next; now in spirits and
now in despondency!”

“Ah!” returned the other, sighing: “yes! The same Sydney, with the same
luck. Even then, I did exercises for other boys, and seldom did my own.”

“And why not?”

“God knows. It was my way, I suppose.”

He sat, with his hands in his pockets and his legs stretched out before
him, looking at the fire.

“Carton,” said his friend, squaring himself at him with a bullying air,
as if the fire-grate had been the furnace in which sustained endeavour
was forged, and the one delicate thing to be done for the old Sydney
Carton of old Shrewsbury School was to shoulder him into it, “your way
is, and always was, a lame way. You summon no energy and purpose. Look
at me.”

“Oh, botheration!” returned Sydney, with a lighter and more
good-humoured laugh, “don’t you be moral!”

“How have I done what I have done?” said Stryver; “how do I do what I
do?”

“Partly through paying me to help you, I suppose. But it’s not worth
your while to apostrophise me, or the air, about it; what you want to
do, you do. You were always in the front rank, and I was always behind.”

“I had to get into the front rank; I was not born there, was I?”

“I was not present at the ceremony; but my opinion is you were,” said
Carton. At this, he laughed again, and they both laughed.

“Before Shrewsbury, and at Shrewsbury, and ever since Shrewsbury,”
pursued Carton, “you have fallen into your rank, and I have fallen into
mine. Even when we were fellow-students in the Student-Quarter of Paris,
picking up French, and French law, and other French crumbs that we
didn’t get much good of, you were always somewhere, and I was always
nowhere.”

“And whose fault was that?”

“Upon my soul, I am not sure that it was not yours. You were always
driving and riving and shouldering and passing, to that restless degree
that I had no chance for my life but in rust and repose. It’s a gloomy
thing, however, to talk about one’s own past, with the day breaking.
Turn me in some other direction before I go.”

“Well then! Pledge me to the pretty witness,” said Stryver, holding up
his glass. “Are you turned in a pleasant direction?”

Apparently not, for he became gloomy again.

“Pretty witness,” he muttered, looking down into his glass. “I have had
enough of witnesses to-day and to-night; who’s your pretty witness?”

“The picturesque doctor’s daughter, Miss Manette.”

“She pretty?”

“Is she not?”

“No.”

“Why, man alive, she was the admiration of the whole Court!”

“Rot the admiration of the whole Court! Who made the Old Bailey a judge
of beauty? She was a golden-haired doll!”

“Do you know, Sydney,” said Mr. Stryver, looking at him with sharp eyes,
and slowly drawing a hand across his florid face: “do you know, I rather
thought, at the time, that you sympathised with the golden-haired doll,
and were quick to see what happened to the golden-haired doll?”

“Quick to see what happened! If a girl, doll or no doll, swoons within a
yard or two of a man’s nose, he can see it without a perspective-glass.
I pledge you, but I deny the beauty. And now I’ll have no more drink;
I’ll get to bed.”

When his host followed him out on the staircase with a candle, to light
him down the stairs, the day was coldly looking in through its grimy
windows. When he got out of the house, the air was cold and sad, the
dull sky overcast, the river dark and dim, the whole scene like a
lifeless desert. And wreaths of dust were spinning round and round
before the morning blast, as if the desert-sand had risen far away, and
the first spray of it in its advance had begun to overwhelm the city.

Waste forces within him, and a desert all around, this man stood still
on his way across a silent terrace, and saw for a moment, lying in the
wilderness before him, a mirage of honourable ambition, self-denial, and
perseverance. In the fair city of this vision, there were airy galleries
from which the loves and graces looked upon him, gardens in which the
fruits of life hung ripening, waters of Hope that sparkled in his sight.
A moment, and it was gone. Climbing to a high chamber in a well of
houses, he threw himself down in his clothes on a neglected bed, and its
pillow was wet with wasted tears.

Sadly, sadly, the sun rose; it rose upon no sadder sight than the man of
good abilities and good emotions, incapable of their directed exercise,
incapable of his own help and his own happiness, sensible of the blight
on him, and resigning himself to let it eat him away.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Credit Theft Loop
This chapter exposes one of the most damaging patterns in human relationships: the exploitation of talent by those who position themselves to take credit. Sydney Carton possesses brilliant legal insight, but every night he arrives drunk at Stryver's chambers to do the actual intellectual work while Stryver gets the glory, advancement, and wealth. Dickens calls them lion and jackal—but the jackal does all the hunting. This pattern thrives on a toxic combination of self-doubt and opportunism. Carton believes he's worthless, so he gives his talents away for scraps of belonging. Stryver recognizes superior ability and systematically harvests it, offering just enough friendship and alcohol to keep the arrangement going. The exploiter needs the talent but despises the person; the exploited craves recognition but settles for being needed. Both become trapped—one by guilt, one by dependency. This exact dynamic plays out everywhere today. The nurse who stays late to fix everyone's mistakes while her supervisor gets promoted. The tech worker whose code gets submitted under his manager's name. The administrative assistant who writes the reports her boss presents to executives. The family member who handles all the emotional labor while others get credit for being 'the strong one.' The pattern is always the same: brilliant work, invisible worker, visible credit-taker. When you recognize this pattern, document everything. Keep records of your contributions. Speak up in meetings: 'As I mentioned in my analysis...' Copy others on emails showing your work. Set boundaries: 'I can help with this project, but I need my role acknowledged.' Most importantly, stop believing you don't deserve credit. Talent without self-advocacy becomes someone else's career advancement. Your skills have value—demand that value be recognized and compensated appropriately. When you can name the pattern, predict where it leads, and navigate it successfully—that's amplified intelligence.

When talented people with low self-worth allow others to systematically harvest their abilities while taking all the recognition and advancement.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Reading Power Dynamics

This chapter teaches how to identify when someone is systematically taking credit for your work while keeping you dependent on scraps of recognition.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when someone consistently presents your ideas as their own—start documenting your contributions and speaking up in meetings to establish ownership of your work.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"Those were drinking days, and most men drank hard."

— Narrator

Context: Opening description of the professional culture of the time

Dickens immediately establishes that heavy drinking was normalized and expected among professional men. This sets up the environment where Carton's alcoholism doesn't stand out as unusual, masking his deeper problems.

In Today's Words:

Back then, everyone in professional jobs was expected to drink heavily - it was just part of the culture.

"Like a great sunflower pushing its way at the sun from among a rank garden-full of flaring companions."

— Narrator

Context: Describing how Stryver stands out among other lawyers in court

This metaphor reveals Stryver's aggressive ambition and his need to dominate every situation. The image suggests both his success and his obnoxious, attention-seeking nature.

In Today's Words:

He was like that guy who always has to be the center of attention, pushing himself forward no matter what.

"You were always driving and riving and shouldering and passing, to that restless degree that I had no chance for my life but in rust and repose."

— Sydney Carton

Context: Carton explaining to Stryver how their dynamic was established in school

This reveals how their toxic relationship began - Stryver was so aggressively ambitious that Carton gave up trying to compete and settled for being used. It shows how early patterns of exploitation can become lifelong dynamics.

In Today's Words:

You were always so pushy and competitive that I just gave up trying and let you walk all over me.

Thematic Threads

Exploitation

In This Chapter

Stryver builds his entire legal career on Carton's brilliant mind while offering only alcohol and hollow friendship in return

Development

Introduced here - shows how class advancement often depends on using others

In Your Life:

You might recognize this in workplace relationships where you do the work but others get the promotions

Self-Worth

In This Chapter

Carton's self-hatred makes him give away his considerable talents for nothing, believing he deserves no better

Development

Builds on his earlier self-description as a 'disappointed drudge'

In Your Life:

You might undervalue your own contributions and accept being overlooked or underpaid

Identity

In This Chapter

Carton sees himself as the jackal to Stryver's lion, accepting a subordinate role despite superior abilities

Development

Deepens the theme of how people define themselves within social hierarchies

In Your Life:

You might define yourself by others' success rather than recognizing your own worth and potential

Wasted Potential

In This Chapter

Carton has a moment of clarity seeing what his life could have been—honor, ambition, achievement—before returning to his squalid existence

Development

Expands on earlier hints about characters trapped by circumstances and choices

In Your Life:

You might have moments of seeing what you could accomplish if you stopped accepting less than you deserve

Dependency

In This Chapter

Both men are trapped in their roles—Stryver needs Carton's brain, Carton needs Stryver's recognition, creating a toxic cycle

Development

Introduced here - shows how unhealthy relationships become mutually destructive

In Your Life:

You might find yourself in relationships where you're needed but not valued, making it hard to break free

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    What does Stryver actually contribute to their legal work, and what does Carton contribute? Who gets the credit and rewards?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    Why does Carton continue this arrangement night after night, even though he's doing all the intellectual work for someone else's success?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Where have you seen this 'lion and jackal' pattern in your workplace, family, or social circles - someone taking credit for another person's work or ideas?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    If you were Carton's friend, what specific advice would you give him to change this dynamic without losing his livelihood?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does this relationship reveal about how talent and self-worth interact? Why do some people give their abilities away while others claim credit they haven't earned?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Document Your Contributions

Think of a situation where you do significant work but someone else gets most of the recognition. Create a simple log of your actual contributions over one week - what you did, when, and what impact it had. Then identify three specific ways you could make your work more visible.

Consider:

  • •Look for patterns where your work becomes invisible or gets absorbed into someone else's success
  • •Consider both formal work situations and informal ones like family or volunteer roles
  • •Think about small, practical steps rather than dramatic confrontations

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when you felt like your contributions weren't recognized. What kept you from speaking up? Looking back, what would you do differently now?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 12: The Calm Before the Storm

The story shifts to the Manette household, where we'll meet the hundreds of people who gather in their home, and witness how different characters are drawn into Lucie's orbit of influence and healing.

Continue to Chapter 12
Previous
After the Storm
Contents
Next
The Calm Before the Storm

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