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Tess of the d'Urbervilles - Angel Returns Home Broken

Thomas Hardy

Tess of the d'Urbervilles

Angel Returns Home Broken

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Summary

Angel Clare returns to his parents' vicarage after his disastrous time abroad, physically and emotionally devastated. His parents barely recognize their son - he's become gaunt and hollow, aged twenty years in months. When Angel asks about letters, they show him Tess's angry message calling him cruel and unforgiving, which shakes him deeply. His mother dismisses Tess as a 'child of the soil,' but Angel defends her, revealing her noble ancestry. Angel writes to Marlott to announce his return, but receives a cryptic reply from Joan Durbeyfield saying Tess is away and the family has moved. The letter provides no forwarding address, leaving Angel in limbo. While waiting, Angel re-reads Tess's earlier desperate letters from Flintcomb-Ash, filled with heartbreaking pleas for his return and forgiveness. These old letters move him deeply, making him realize how much she suffered. He decides to ignore her recent angry letter and search for her immediately. Angel finally understands that Tess's pride prevented her from asking his family for money, meaning she endured real hardship. His parents, learning the truth about the separation, begin to feel sympathy for Tess. As Angel prepares to leave, he receives a warning letter from Marian and Izz: 'Look to your Wife if you do love her.' This chapter shows how separation and suffering have changed both Angel and Tess, setting up the tragic final act of their story.

Coming Up in Chapter 54

Armed with warnings from Tess's former friends and renewed determination, Angel sets out to find his wife. But will he be too late to repair the damage his abandonment has caused?

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1736 words)

LIII

It was evening at Emminster Vicarage. The two customary candles were
burning under their green shades in the Vicar’s study, but he had not
been sitting there. Occasionally he came in, stirred the small fire
which sufficed for the increasing mildness of the spring, and went out
again; sometimes pausing at the front door, going on to the
drawing-room, then returning again to the front door.

It faced westward, and though gloom prevailed inside, there was still
light enough without to see with distinctness. Mrs Clare, who had been
sitting in the drawing-room, followed him hither.

“Plenty of time yet,” said the Vicar. “He doesn’t reach Chalk-Newton
till six, even if the train should be punctual, and ten miles of
country-road, five of them in Crimmercrock Lane, are not jogged over in
a hurry by our old horse.”

“But he has done it in an hour with us, my dear.”

“Years ago.”

Thus they passed the minutes, each well knowing that this was only
waste of breath, the one essential being simply to wait.

At length there was a slight noise in the lane, and the old pony-chaise
appeared indeed outside the railings. They saw alight therefrom a form
which they affected to recognize, but would actually have passed by in
the street without identifying had he not got out of their carriage at
the particular moment when a particular person was due.

Mrs Clare rushed through the dark passage to the door, and her husband
came more slowly after her.

The new arrival, who was just about to enter, saw their anxious faces
in the doorway and the gleam of the west in their spectacles because
they confronted the last rays of day; but they could only see his shape
against the light.

“O, my boy, my boy—home again at last!” cried Mrs Clare, who cared no
more at that moment for the stains of heterodoxy which had caused all
this separation than for the dust upon his clothes. What woman, indeed,
among the most faithful adherents of the truth, believes the promises
and threats of the Word in the sense in which she believes in her own
children, or would not throw her theology to the wind if weighed
against their happiness? As soon as they reached the room where the
candles were lighted she looked at his face.

“O, it is not Angel—not my son—the Angel who went away!” she cried in
all the irony of sorrow, as she turned herself aside.

His father, too, was shocked to see him, so reduced was that figure
from its former contours by worry and the bad season that Clare had
experienced, in the climate to which he had so rashly hurried in his
first aversion to the mockery of events at home. You could see the
skeleton behind the man, and almost the ghost behind the skeleton. He
matched Crivelli’s dead Christus. His sunken eye-pits were of morbid
hue, and the light in his eyes had waned. The angular hollows and lines
of his aged ancestors had succeeded to their reign in his face twenty
years before their time.

“I was ill over there, you know,” he said. “I am all right now.”

As if, however, to falsify this assertion, his legs seemed to give way,
and he suddenly sat down to save himself from falling. It was only a
slight attack of faintness, resulting from the tedious day’s journey,
and the excitement of arrival.

“Has any letter come for me lately?” he asked. “I received the last you
sent on by the merest chance, and after considerable delay through
being inland; or I might have come sooner.”

“It was from your wife, we supposed?”

“It was.”

Only one other had recently come. They had not sent it on to him,
knowing he would start for home so soon.

He hastily opened the letter produced, and was much disturbed to read
in Tess’s handwriting the sentiments expressed in her last hurried
scrawl to him.

O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do not deserve
it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never
forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you—why have
you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to
forget you. It is all injustice I have received at your hands!

T.

“It is quite true!” said Angel, throwing down the letter. “Perhaps she
will never be reconciled to me!”

“Don’t, Angel, be so anxious about a mere child of the soil!” said his
mother.

“Child of the soil! Well, we all are children of the soil. I wish she
were so in the sense you mean; but let me now explain to you what I
have never explained before, that her father is a descendant in the
male line of one of the oldest Norman houses, like a good many others
who lead obscure agricultural lives in our villages, and are dubbed
‘sons of the soil.’”

He soon retired to bed; and the next morning, feeling exceedingly
unwell, he remained in his room pondering. The circumstances amid which
he had left Tess were such that though, while on the south of the
Equator and just in receipt of her loving epistle, it had seemed the
easiest thing in the world to rush back into her arms the moment he
chose to forgive her, now that he had arrived it was not so easy as it
had seemed. She was passionate, and her present letter, showing that
her estimate of him had changed under his delay—too justly changed, he
sadly owned,—made him ask himself if it would be wise to confront her
unannounced in the presence of her parents. Supposing that her love had
indeed turned to dislike during the last weeks of separation, a sudden
meeting might lead to bitter words.

Clare therefore thought it would be best to prepare Tess and her family
by sending a line to Marlott announcing his return, and his hope that
she was still living with them there, as he had arranged for her to do
when he left England. He despatched the inquiry that very day, and
before the week was out there came a short reply from Mrs Durbeyfield
which did not remove his embarrassment, for it bore no address, though
to his surprise it was not written from Marlott.

Sir,

J write these few lines to say that my Daughter is away from me at
present, and J am not sure when she will return, but J will let you
know as Soon as she do. J do not feel at liberty to tell you Where
she is temperly biding. J should say that me and my Family have
left Marlott for some Time.—

Yours,

J. Durbeyfield

It was such a relief to Clare to learn that Tess was at least
apparently well that her mother’s stiff reticence as to her whereabouts
did not long distress him. They were all angry with him, evidently. He
would wait till Mrs Durbeyfield could inform him of Tess’s return,
which her letter implied to be soon. He deserved no more. His had been
a love “which alters when it alteration finds”. He had undergone some
strange experiences in his absence; he had seen the virtual Faustina in
the literal Cornelia, a spiritual Lucretia in a corporeal Phryne; he
had thought of the woman taken and set in the midst as one deserving to
be stoned, and of the wife of Uriah being made a queen; and he had
asked himself why he had not judged Tess constructively rather than
biographically, by the will rather than by the deed?

A day or two passed while he waited at his father’s house for the
promised second note from Joan Durbeyfield, and indirectly to recover a
little more strength. The strength showed signs of coming back, but
there was no sign of Joan’s letter. Then he hunted up the old letter
sent on to him in Brazil, which Tess had written from Flintcomb-Ash,
and re-read it. The sentences touched him now as much as when he had
first perused them.

...I must cry to you in my trouble—I have no one else!... I think I
must die if you do not come soon, or tell me to come to you... please,
please, not to be just—only a little kind to me.... If you would come,
I could die in your arms! I would be well content to do that if so be
you had forgiven me!... if you will send me one little line, and say,
I am coming soon, I will bide on, Angel—O, so cheerfully!... think
how it do hurt my heart not to see you ever—ever! Ah, if I could only
make your dear heart ache one little minute of each day as mine does
every day and all day long, it might lead you to show pity to your poor
lonely one.... I would be content, ay, glad, to live with you as your
servant, if I may not as your wife; so that I could only be near you,
and get glimpses of you, and think of you as mine.... I long for only
one thing in heaven or earth or under the earth, to meet you, my own
dear! Come to me—come to me, and save me from what threatens me!

Clare determined that he would no longer believe in her more recent and
severer regard of him, but would go and find her immediately. He asked
his father if she had applied for any money during his absence. His
father returned a negative, and then for the first time it occurred to
Angel that her pride had stood in her way, and that she had suffered
privation. From his remarks his parents now gathered the real reason of
the separation; and their Christianity was such that, reprobates being
their especial care, the tenderness towards Tess which her blood, her
simplicity, even her poverty, had not engendered, was instantly excited
by her sin.

Whilst he was hastily packing together a few articles for his journey
he glanced over a poor plain missive also lately come to hand—the one
from Marian and Izz Huett, beginning—

“Honour’d Sir, Look to your Wife if you do love her as much as she do
love you,” and signed, “From Two Well-Wishers.”

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: The Pride Deadlock

The Road Back - When Pride Blocks Reconciliation

Angel's return reveals a universal pattern: how pride creates barriers that prevent us from reconnecting even when we desperately want to. Both Angel and Tess are trapped by their own wounded pride—she won't ask for help, he won't admit he was wrong, and both suffer in isolation rather than reach out directly. This pattern operates through a feedback loop of hurt feelings and protective responses. When someone hurts us deeply, we build walls to protect ourselves. But those same walls prevent reconciliation. Angel's family dismisses Tess as beneath them, reinforcing his original prejudices. Tess's pride won't let her beg his family for money, so she endures poverty rather than appear desperate. Each person's protective response makes the other feel more rejected, widening the gap. You see this everywhere today. Divorced parents who won't speak directly, communicating only through lawyers or children, making co-parenting harder for everyone. Siblings who stop talking after a family argument, each waiting for the other to apologize first while years pass. Coworkers who have a falling out and then make the whole workplace tense because neither will address it directly. Friends who drift apart after a misunderstanding, both thinking the other should reach out first. When you recognize this pattern, break it by making the first move—but do it strategically. Don't just apologize blindly; acknowledge the specific hurt you caused. Don't wait for perfect conditions; start with small gestures. Most importantly, separate your ego from the relationship's value. Ask yourself: 'Is being right more important than having this person in my life?' Usually, the answer clarifies everything. When you can name the pattern, predict where it leads, and navigate it successfully—that's amplified intelligence. Pride might protect your ego, but it often destroys what you actually want to save.

When wounded pride prevents both parties from making the first move toward reconciliation, creating a destructive standoff that hurts everyone involved.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Breaking Pride Deadlocks

This chapter teaches how to recognize when protective pride is actually destroying what you're trying to protect.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you're waiting for someone else to apologize first - then ask yourself if being right matters more than the relationship.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"Look to your Wife if you do love her"

— Marian and Izz (in their letter)

Context: A desperate warning letter Angel receives as he prepares to search for Tess

This urgent message creates immediate tension and suggests Tess is in serious danger. The conditional 'if you do love her' challenges Angel to prove his love through action, not just words. It's a race-against-time moment that drives the story toward its climax.

In Today's Words:

You better get to your wife right now if you actually care about her

"She is a child of the soil"

— Mrs Clare

Context: Angel's mother dismissing Tess based on her social class

This phrase reveals the class prejudice that has damaged Angel and Tess's marriage. Mrs Clare uses Tess's working-class background to justify treating her as inferior, showing how Victorian society's rigid class system destroyed relationships and lives.

In Today's Words:

She's just some country girl who's beneath us

"Years ago"

— The Vicar

Context: Responding to his wife's comment about their horse making good time

This simple phrase captures how time and suffering have changed everything. The horse, like Angel, was once strong and quick but is now worn down. It reflects the theme that you can't go back to how things were before trauma and separation.

In Today's Words:

That was back when things were different

Thematic Threads

Pride

In This Chapter

Both Angel and Tess let pride prevent direct communication—she won't ask his family for help, he won't admit his mistake immediately

Development

Evolved from Angel's initial class prejudice to mutual wounded pride blocking reconciliation

In Your Life:

You might recognize this when you and someone important both wait for the other person to apologize first

Class

In This Chapter

Angel's mother dismisses Tess as 'child of the soil' while Angel defends her noble ancestry, showing how class assumptions persist

Development

Continues the theme of how class prejudices shape relationships and family acceptance

In Your Life:

You see this when families judge partners based on education, job, or background rather than character

Suffering

In This Chapter

Angel's physical deterioration abroad mirrors Tess's emotional suffering, showing how separation damages both parties

Development

Builds on earlier themes of how social expectations create real human pain

In Your Life:

This appears when you realize that avoiding difficult conversations often causes more pain than having them

Communication

In This Chapter

Letters become the only connection between Angel and Tess, but they're inadequate and often misunderstood

Development

Develops from earlier miscommunications to show how indirect communication fails in crisis

In Your Life:

You might notice this when texting or social media creates more confusion than face-to-face conversation would

Recognition

In This Chapter

Angel finally recognizes Tess's true suffering through her old letters, but this realization comes almost too late

Development

Culminates Angel's slow journey from judgment to understanding

In Your Life:

This happens when you finally understand someone's perspective but wonder if you've realized it too late to matter

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    What physical and emotional changes do Angel's parents notice when he returns from abroad, and what does this tell us about his experience?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    Why does Angel's mother dismiss Tess as a 'child of the soil,' and how does this reveal the class prejudices that complicate their reunion?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    How does pride prevent both Angel and Tess from reaching out directly to each other? Where do you see this same pattern in modern relationships?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    If you were Angel's friend, what specific advice would you give him about reconnecting with Tess after reading her angry letter?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does this chapter reveal about how suffering can either break people apart or bring them closer together?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Break the Pride Deadlock

Think of a relationship in your life where pride has created distance—maybe you're both waiting for the other person to make the first move. Write out three specific, small actions you could take to begin rebuilding that connection without sacrificing your dignity. Focus on actions that acknowledge hurt without assigning blame.

Consider:

  • •What specific hurt needs to be acknowledged on both sides?
  • •How can you separate your ego from what you actually want in this relationship?
  • •What's the difference between apologizing and taking responsibility for your part?

Journaling Prompt

Write about a time when your pride prevented you from reaching out to someone you cared about. What did you learn from that experience, and what would you do differently now?

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 54: Clare's Desperate Search

Armed with warnings from Tess's former friends and renewed determination, Angel sets out to find his wife. But will he be too late to repair the damage his abandonment has caused?

Continue to Chapter 54
Previous
Moving Day and Ancient Ghosts
Contents
Next
Clare's Desperate Search

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