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Tess of the d'Urbervilles - The Moment of Almost Betrayal

Thomas Hardy

Tess of the d'Urbervilles

The Moment of Almost Betrayal

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Summary

Angel Clare prepares to leave for Brazil, settling his affairs and arranging modest financial support for Tess. When he visits their honeymoon cottage to collect belongings, memories overwhelm him and he begins to doubt his harsh judgment of his wife. His emotional turmoil deepens when he encounters Izz Huett, one of the dairy girls who had loved him. Learning that his abandonment has devastated the other women—Retty is wasting away, Marian has turned to drink—Angel impulsively asks Izz to come to Brazil with him instead of Tess. Izz agrees, understanding what this means, but when Angel asks if she loves him more than Tess did, her honest answer stops him cold: 'Nobody could love 'ee more than Tess did... She would have laid down her life for 'ee.' This truth hits Angel like a physical blow. Realizing he was about to betray everything he claims to value, he turns the carriage around and takes Izz home, asking her forgiveness for his 'momentary levity.' Izz, heartbroken but generous, forgives him and promises to encourage the other girls to move on with their lives. The chapter reveals how pain can make us act against our deepest principles, and how sometimes it takes another person's honesty to save us from devastating mistakes. Angel's near-betrayal shows he's as capable of moral failure as anyone, while Izz's integrity highlights the genuine love and goodness he's surrounded by but fails to fully appreciate.

Coming Up in Chapter 41

As Angel sails away to Brazil, we return to Tess, who faces her own devastating choices. The consequences of their separation will test her in ways neither of them imagined.

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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 2351 words)

L

At breakfast Brazil was the topic, and all endeavoured to take a
hopeful view of Clare’s proposed experiment with that country’s soil,
notwithstanding the discouraging reports of some farm-labourers who had
emigrated thither and returned home within the twelve months. After
breakfast Clare went into the little town to wind up such trifling
matters as he was concerned with there, and to get from the local bank
all the money he possessed. On his way back he encountered Miss Mercy
Chant by the church, from whose walls she seemed to be a sort of
emanation. She was carrying an armful of Bibles for her class, and such
was her view of life that events which produced heartache in others
wrought beatific smiles upon her—an enviable result, although, in the
opinion of Angel, it was obtained by a curiously unnatural sacrifice of
humanity to mysticism.

She had learnt that he was about to leave England, and observed what an
excellent and promising scheme it seemed to be.

“Yes; it is a likely scheme enough in a commercial sense, no doubt,” he
replied. “But, my dear Mercy, it snaps the continuity of existence.
Perhaps a cloister would be preferable.”

“A cloister! O, Angel Clare!”

“Well?”

“Why, you wicked man, a cloister implies a monk, and a monk Roman
Catholicism.”

“And Roman Catholicism sin, and sin damnation. Thou art in a parlous
state, Angel Clare.”

“I glory in my Protestantism!” she said severely.

Then Clare, thrown by sheer misery into one of the demoniacal moods in
which a man does despite to his true principles, called her close to
him, and fiendishly whispered in her ear the most heterodox ideas he
could think of. His momentary laughter at the horror which appeared on
her fair face ceased when it merged in pain and anxiety for his
welfare.

“Dear Mercy,” he said, “you must forgive me. I think I am going crazy!”

She thought that he was; and thus the interview ended, and Clare
re-entered the Vicarage. With the local banker he deposited the jewels
till happier days should arise. He also paid into the bank thirty
pounds—to be sent to Tess in a few months, as she might require; and
wrote to her at her parents’ home in Blackmoor Vale to inform her of
what he had done. This amount, with the sum he had already placed in
her hands—about fifty pounds—he hoped would be amply sufficient for her
wants just at present, particularly as in an emergency she had been
directed to apply to his father.

He deemed it best not to put his parents into communication with her by
informing them of her address; and, being unaware of what had really
happened to estrange the two, neither his father nor his mother
suggested that he should do so. During the day he left the parsonage,
for what he had to complete he wished to get done quickly.

As the last duty before leaving this part of England it was necessary
for him to call at the Wellbridge farmhouse, in which he had spent with
Tess the first three days of their marriage, the trifle of rent having
to be paid, the key given up of the rooms they had occupied, and two or
three small articles fetched away that they had left behind. It was
under this roof that the deepest shadow ever thrown upon his life had
stretched its gloom over him. Yet when he had unlocked the door of the
sitting-room and looked into it, the memory which returned first upon
him was that of their happy arrival on a similar afternoon, the first
fresh sense of sharing a habitation conjointly, the first meal
together, the chatting by the fire with joined hands.

The farmer and his wife were in the field at the moment of his visit,
and Clare was in the rooms alone for some time. Inwardly swollen with a
renewal of sentiment that he had not quite reckoned with, he went
upstairs to her chamber, which had never been his. The bed was smooth
as she had made it with her own hands on the morning of leaving. The
mistletoe hung under the tester just as he had placed it. Having been
there three or four weeks it was turning colour, and the leaves and
berries were wrinkled. Angel took it down and crushed it into the
grate. Standing there, he for the first time doubted whether his course
in this conjecture had been a wise, much less a generous, one. But had
he not been cruelly blinded? In the incoherent multitude of his
emotions he knelt down at the bedside wet-eyed. “O Tess! If you had
only told me sooner, I would have forgiven you!” he mourned.

Hearing a footstep below, he rose and went to the top of the stairs. At
the bottom of the flight he saw a woman standing, and on her turning up
her face recognized the pale, dark-eyed Izz Huett.

“Mr Clare,” she said, “I’ve called to see you and Mrs Clare, and to
inquire if ye be well. I thought you might be back here again.”

This was a girl whose secret he had guessed, but who had not yet
guessed his; an honest girl who loved him—one who would have made as
good, or nearly as good, a practical farmer’s wife as Tess.

“I am here alone,” he said; “we are not living here now.” Explaining
why he had come, he asked, “Which way are you going home, Izz?”

“I have no home at Talbothays Dairy now, sir,” she said.

“Why is that?”

Izz looked down.

“It was so dismal there that I left! I am staying out this way.” She
pointed in a contrary direction, the direction in which he was
journeying.

“Well—are you going there now? I can take you if you wish for a lift.”

Her olive complexion grew richer in hue.

“Thank ’ee, Mr Clare,” she said.

He soon found the farmer, and settled the account for his rent and the
few other items which had to be considered by reason of the sudden
abandonment of the lodgings. On Clare’s return to his horse and gig,
Izz jumped up beside him.

“I am going to leave England, Izz,” he said, as they drove on. “Going
to Brazil.”

“And do Mrs Clare like the notion of such a journey?” she asked.

“She is not going at present—say for a year or so. I am going out to
reconnoitre—to see what life there is like.”

They sped along eastward for some considerable distance, Izz making no
observation.

“How are the others?” he inquired. “How is Retty?”

“She was in a sort of nervous state when I zid her last; and so thin
and hollow-cheeked that ’a do seem in a decline. Nobody will ever fall
in love wi’ her any more,” said Izz absently.

“And Marian?”

Izz lowered her voice.

“Marian drinks.”

“Indeed!”

“Yes. The dairyman has got rid of her.”

“And you!”

“I don’t drink, and I bain’t in a decline. But—I am no great things at
singing afore breakfast now!”

“How is that? Do you remember how neatly you used to turn ‘’Twas down
in Cupid’s Gardens’ and ‘The Tailor’s Breeches’ at morning milking?”

“Ah, yes! When you first came, sir, that was. Not when you had been
there a bit.”

“Why was that falling-off?”

Her black eyes flashed up to his face for one moment by way of answer.

“Izz!—how weak of you—for such as I!” he said, and fell into reverie.
“Then—suppose I had asked you to marry me?”

“If you had I should have said ‘Yes’, and you would have married a
woman who loved ’ee!”

“Really!”

“Down to the ground!” she whispered vehemently. “O my God! did you
never guess it till now!”

By-and-by they reached a branch road to a village.

“I must get down. I live out there,” said Izz abruptly, never having
spoken since her avowal.

Clare slowed the horse. He was incensed against his fate, bitterly
disposed towards social ordinances; for they had cooped him up in a
corner, out of which there was no legitimate pathway. Why not be
revenged on society by shaping his future domesticities loosely,
instead of kissing the pedagogic rod of convention in this ensnaring
manner?

“I am going to Brazil alone, Izz,” said he. “I have separated from my
wife for personal, not voyaging, reasons. I may never live with her
again. I may not be able to love you; but—will you go with me instead
of her?”

“You truly wish me to go?”

“I do. I have been badly used enough to wish for relief. And you at
least love me disinterestedly.”

“Yes—I will go,” said Izz, after a pause.

“You will? You know what it means, Izz?”

“It means that I shall live with you for the time you are over
there—that’s good enough for me.”

“Remember, you are not to trust me in morals now. But I ought to remind
you that it will be wrong-doing in the eyes of civilization—Western
civilization, that is to say.”

“I don’t mind that; no woman do when it comes to agony-point, and
there’s no other way!”

“Then don’t get down, but sit where you are.”

He drove past the cross-roads, one mile, two miles, without showing any
signs of affection.

“You love me very, very much, Izz?” he suddenly asked.

“I do—I have said I do! I loved you all the time we was at the dairy
together!”

“More than Tess?”

She shook her head.

“No,” she murmured, “not more than she.”

“How’s that?”

“Because nobody could love ’ee more than Tess did!... She would have
laid down her life for ’ee. I could do no more.”

Like the prophet on the top of Peor, Izz Huett would fain have spoken
perversely at such a moment, but the fascination exercised over her
rougher nature by Tess’s character compelled her to grace.

Clare was silent; his heart had risen at these straightforward words
from such an unexpected unimpeachable quarter. In his throat was
something as if a sob had solidified there. His ears repeated, “She
would have laid down her life for ’ee. I could do no more!
”

“Forget our idle talk, Izz,” he said, turning the horse’s head
suddenly. “I don’t know what I’ve been saying! I will now drive you
back to where your lane branches off.”

“So much for honesty towards ’ee! O—how can I bear it—how can I—how can
I!”

Izz Huett burst into wild tears, and beat her forehead as she saw what
she had done.

“Do you regret that poor little act of justice to an absent one? O,
Izz, don’t spoil it by regret!”

She stilled herself by degrees.

“Very well, sir. Perhaps I didn’t know what I was saying, either,
wh—when I agreed to go! I wish—what cannot be!”

“Because I have a loving wife already.”

“Yes, yes! You have!”

They reached the corner of the lane which they had passed half an hour
earlier, and she hopped down.

“Izz—please, please forget my momentary levity!” he cried. “It was so
ill-considered, so ill-advised!”

“Forget it? Never, never! O, it was no levity to me!”

He felt how richly he deserved the reproach that the wounded cry
conveyed, and, in a sorrow that was inexpressible, leapt down and took
her hand.

“Well, but, Izz, we’ll part friends, anyhow? You don’t know what I’ve
had to bear!”

She was a really generous girl, and allowed no further bitterness to
mar their adieux.

“I forgive ’ee, sir!” she said.

“Now, Izz,” he said, while she stood beside him there, forcing himself
to the mentor’s part he was far from feeling; “I want you to tell
Marian when you see her that she is to be a good woman, and not to give
way to folly. Promise that, and tell Retty that there are more worthy
men than I in the world, that for my sake she is to act wisely and
well—remember the words—wisely and well—for my sake. I send this
message to them as a dying man to the dying; for I shall never see them
again. And you, Izzy, you have saved me by your honest words about my
wife from an incredible impulse towards folly and treachery. Women may
be bad, but they are not so bad as men in these things! On that one
account I can never forget you. Be always the good and sincere girl you
have hitherto been; and think of me as a worthless lover, but a
faithful friend. Promise.”

She gave the promise.

“Heaven bless and keep you, sir. Goodbye!”

He drove on; but no sooner had Izz turned into the lane, and Clare was
out of sight, than she flung herself down on the bank in a fit of
racking anguish; and it was with a strained unnatural face that she
entered her mother’s cottage late that night. Nobody ever was told how
Izz spent the dark hours that intervened between Angel Clare’s parting
from her and her arrival home.

Clare, too, after bidding the girl farewell, was wrought to aching
thoughts and quivering lips. But his sorrow was not for Izz. That
evening he was within a feather-weight’s turn of abandoning his road to
the nearest station, and driving across that elevated dorsal line of
South Wessex which divided him from his Tess’s home. It was neither a
contempt for her nature, nor the probable state of her heart, which
deterred him.

No; it was a sense that, despite her love, as corroborated by Izz’s
admission, the facts had not changed. If he was right at first, he was
right now. And the momentum of the course on which he had embarked
tended to keep him going in it, unless diverted by a stronger, more
sustained force than had played upon him this afternoon. He could soon
come back to her. He took the train that night for London, and five
days after shook hands in farewell of his brothers at the port of
embarkation.

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Let's Analyse the Pattern

Pattern: Pain-Driven Betrayal
When we're hurt deeply enough, we often betray our own values in ways that would horrify us in calmer moments. Angel's near-betrayal of Tess with Izz reveals this dangerous pattern: emotional pain can temporarily override our moral compass, making us act against everything we claim to believe. The mechanism is straightforward but devastating. Intense hurt creates a kind of emotional tunnel vision where immediate relief becomes more important than long-term integrity. Angel's pain from Tess's revelation makes him grasp for any escape, even one that contradicts his supposed principles about love and loyalty. He's not thinking clearly—he's thinking desperately. The very values he used to judge Tess so harshly (faithfulness, honesty) become expendable when his own comfort is at stake. This pattern appears everywhere in modern life. The dedicated nurse who starts stealing pain medication after a family tragedy. The faithful spouse who has an affair during a midlife crisis, claiming their partner 'doesn't understand them anymore.' The honest employee who begins embezzling after a medical bankruptcy, justifying it as 'temporary borrowing.' The parent who abandons their family during addiction, convincing themselves everyone is 'better off without them.' Each person would have been horrified by their actions before the pain hit. Recognizing this pattern offers protection. When you're in deep emotional pain, assume your judgment is compromised. Before making any major decisions—especially ones that affect other people—wait. Talk to someone whose judgment you trust. Ask yourself: 'If I saw a friend doing what I'm about to do, what would I tell them?' Most importantly, remember that temporary relief often creates permanent damage. Angel almost destroyed his chance at real love for a moment's escape from guilt and shame. When you can name the pattern of pain-driven betrayal, predict where it leads (deeper shame, more pain, destroyed relationships), and navigate it successfully by pausing before acting—that's amplified intelligence protecting what matters most.

Intense emotional pain temporarily overrides our moral compass, making us betray our deepest values while seeking immediate relief.

Why This Matters

Connect literature to life

Skill: Recognizing Compromised Judgment

This chapter teaches how to identify when emotional pain is making you act against your own values.

Practice This Today

This week, notice when you're tempted to make big decisions while upset—pause and ask yourself what you'd tell a friend in the same situation.

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Now let's explore the literary elements.

Key Quotes & Analysis

"Nobody could love 'ee more than Tess did... She would have laid down her life for 'ee."

— Izz Huett

Context: When Angel asks if she loves him more than Tess did

This honest answer stops Angel cold and forces him to confront the reality of what he's throwing away. Izz's integrity saves him from betraying everything he claims to value.

In Today's Words:

No one could love you more than she did - she would have done anything for you.

"It snaps the continuity of existence."

— Angel Clare

Context: Explaining to Mercy why emigrating to Brazil troubles him

Shows Angel's awareness that running away breaks something essential in life's natural flow. He knows he's fleeing rather than facing his problems.

In Today's Words:

It completely disrupts the natural flow of life.

"I glory in my Protestantism!"

— Mercy Chant

Context: Responding to Angel's mention of a Catholic cloister

Reveals the rigid religious prejudices of the time and Mercy's inability to understand spiritual crisis beyond denominational boundaries. Shows her limitations as a moral guide.

In Today's Words:

I'm proud to be the right kind of Christian!

"Will you forgive me for this momentary levity?"

— Angel Clare

Context: Asking Izz's forgiveness after taking back his proposal

Angel tries to minimize his serious moral failure by calling it 'levity.' Shows how people rationalize their worst impulses and avoid taking full responsibility.

In Today's Words:

Will you forgive me for that stupid moment when I wasn't thinking straight?

Thematic Threads

Moral Hypocrisy

In This Chapter

Angel nearly commits the same kind of betrayal he condemned Tess for, revealing his double standards

Development

Evolution from his earlier moral rigidity—now we see he's capable of the same 'failures' he judged

In Your Life:

Notice when you hold others to standards you struggle to meet yourself, especially during stress

Pain and Decision-Making

In This Chapter

Angel's emotional agony leads him to make choices that contradict his values and beliefs

Development

Builds on earlier themes of how suffering distorts judgment and moral clarity

In Your Life:

Your worst decisions often come when you're hurting most—recognize this vulnerability

Truth as Intervention

In This Chapter

Izz's honest answer about Tess's love saves Angel from a devastating mistake

Development

Continues the pattern of truth having power to redirect destructive paths

In Your Life:

Sometimes you need someone else's honesty to see clearly when emotions cloud your judgment

Class and Exploitation

In This Chapter

Angel considers using Izz for emotional comfort, exploiting her lower social position and feelings

Development

Deepens exploration of how class differences enable emotional and social exploitation

In Your Life:

Be aware of when power imbalances (job, money, status) might make your requests feel impossible to refuse

Love's True Nature

In This Chapter

Izz's description of Tess's sacrificial love contrasts sharply with Angel's conditional, self-serving version

Development

Continues examining what authentic love looks like versus possessive or conditional attachment

In Your Life:

Real love often means protecting the other person's wellbeing even when it costs you something

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You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.

Discussion Questions

  1. 1

    What stops Angel from going through with taking Izz to Brazil instead of Tess?

    analysis • surface
  2. 2

    Why does Angel's pain make him act against his own values about love and faithfulness?

    analysis • medium
  3. 3

    Where do you see people making decisions that betray their values when they're hurting deeply?

    application • medium
  4. 4

    What safeguards could Angel have put in place to prevent himself from almost making this devastating mistake?

    application • deep
  5. 5

    What does this chapter reveal about how emotional pain can temporarily override our moral compass?

    reflection • deep

Critical Thinking Exercise

10 minutes

Map Your Pain-Decision Pattern

Think about a time when you were deeply hurt or stressed and almost made (or did make) a decision that went against your usual values. Map out what happened: What was the pain? What decision were you considering? What would have been the real cost? What stopped you or what do you wish had stopped you?

Consider:

  • •Consider how the pain created tunnel vision focused only on immediate relief
  • •Notice whether you were thinking about long-term consequences or just escape
  • •Reflect on what voice of reason (internal or external) might have helped

Journaling Prompt

Write about what early warning signs tell you when your judgment might be compromised by pain, and what specific steps you could take to pause before making major decisions during emotional crises.

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Coming Up Next...

Chapter 41: When Money Runs Out

As Angel sails away to Brazil, we return to Tess, who faces her own devastating choices. The consequences of their separation will test her in ways neither of them imagined.

Continue to Chapter 41
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The Weight of Deception
Contents
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When Money Runs Out

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