Summary
Lao Tzu paints a picture of his ideal society - a small community where people live simply and find joy in basic things. He imagines a place where talented people exist but don't need to show off their abilities, where weapons exist but never get used, where people have boats and cars but walk everywhere instead. Most striking of all, he wants people to go back to using knotted ropes instead of writing - essentially choosing a simpler way to communicate and record things. In this community, people would find their plain food delicious, their simple clothes beautiful, and their modest homes perfectly comfortable. They'd be so content with their simple ways that even though they could see and hear their neighbors in the next town over, they'd never feel the need to visit or compare their lives. This isn't about being lazy or backwards - it's about finding genuine satisfaction in what you have rather than constantly reaching for more. Lao Tzu is suggesting that sometimes our drive to improve, expand, and complicate our lives actually makes us less happy. When we're always focused on what we could have or could do, we miss the richness of what's right in front of us. His vision challenges our assumption that progress always means advancement, suggesting instead that sometimes the most sophisticated choice is to choose simplicity.
Coming Up in Chapter 81
In the final chapter, Lao Tzu wraps up his teachings with a profound distinction between sincere words and fine words, and between true knowledge and mere learning. He'll reveal why the wisest people often say the least.
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An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 179 words)
I80. 1. n a little state with a small population, I would so order it, that, though there were individuals with the abilities of ten or a hundred men, there should be no employment of them; I would make the people, while looking on death as a grievous thing, yet not remove elsewhere (to avoid it). 2. Though they had boats and carriages, they should have no occasion to ride in them; though they had buff coats and sharp weapons, they should have no occasion to don or use them. 3. I would make the people return to the use of knotted cords (instead of the written characters). 4. They should think their (coarse) food sweet; their (plain) clothes beautiful; their (poor) dwellings places of rest; and their common (simple) ways sources of enjoyment. 5. There should be a neighbouring state within sight, and the voices of the fowls and dogs should be heard all the way from it to us, but I would make the people to old age, even to death, not have any intercourse with it.
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Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Enough
The more choices available to us, the less satisfied we become with any single choice, creating perpetual dissatisfaction disguised as opportunity.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to spot when too many choices are draining your satisfaction with what you have.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you feel restless or dissatisfied—ask yourself if you're unhappy with what you have or just distracted by what you could have.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Knotted cords
An ancient Chinese system of record-keeping using knots in ropes instead of written characters. Different knots and their positions conveyed different meanings. This was considered a simpler, more natural way to store information before complex writing systems developed.
Modern Usage:
We see this pattern when people choose analog over digital - keeping a paper calendar instead of using apps, or preferring face-to-face conversations over texting.
Wu wei
The Taoist principle of 'non-action' or effortless action. It doesn't mean being lazy, but rather not forcing things or overcomplicating situations. It's about working with natural flow rather than against it.
Modern Usage:
This shows up when we stop micromanaging and let our kids figure things out, or when we don't over-schedule every minute of our day.
Small state governance
Lao Tzu's ideal of governing a community so well that people barely notice the government exists. Leaders create conditions where people naturally want to do the right thing rather than forcing compliance through rules and punishments.
Modern Usage:
We see this in workplaces where good managers create a culture where people want to do good work, rather than constantly monitoring and controlling.
Contentment philosophy
The idea that happiness comes from appreciating what you already have rather than constantly seeking more. This involves finding genuine satisfaction in simple pleasures and basic necessities.
Modern Usage:
This appears in modern minimalism movements and when people choose to downsize their homes or possessions to focus on experiences and relationships.
Voluntary simplicity
Choosing a simpler way of life not because you have to, but because it brings more peace and satisfaction. It's about having the ability to live more complexly but choosing not to.
Modern Usage:
We see this when successful people choose smaller homes, when families limit screen time, or when people delete social media apps to reduce stress.
Natural boundaries
The concept of communities that are naturally separate and self-sufficient, where people don't feel the need to constantly compare themselves to or compete with neighboring groups.
Modern Usage:
This shows up when people avoid social media to stop comparing their lives to others, or when communities focus on their own strengths rather than copying other places.
Characters in This Chapter
The Sage Ruler
Ideal leader
This is Lao Tzu's vision of himself or any wise leader who would govern the small state. The ruler creates conditions for contentment by not pushing people toward unnecessary complexity or competition.
Modern Equivalent:
The boss who trusts their team and doesn't create unnecessary meetings or procedures
The People
Community members
The citizens of this ideal state who have learned to find satisfaction in simple things. They represent what humans could be like if we stopped chasing status and complexity.
Modern Equivalent:
The neighbor who's genuinely happy with their modest life and doesn't stress about keeping up with others
The Talented Individuals
Skilled but unused
People with great abilities who exist in the community but don't need to show off or use their talents for competitive advantage. Their skills are there if needed but don't create hierarchy or envy.
Modern Equivalent:
The coworker who's really good at their job but doesn't make a big deal about it or try to climb the corporate ladder
Key Quotes & Analysis
"They should think their coarse food sweet; their plain clothes beautiful; their poor dwellings places of rest"
Context: Describing how people in his ideal community would view their simple possessions
This shows that happiness isn't about having fancy things, but about your attitude toward what you have. When you're not constantly comparing or wanting more, basic things become genuinely satisfying.
In Today's Words:
People would actually enjoy their simple meals, feel good in regular clothes, and love coming home to their basic apartments.
"Though there were individuals with the abilities of ten or a hundred men, there should be no employment of them"
Context: Explaining how talented people would exist but not be pushed to compete or show off
This challenges our belief that we must always use every skill to its maximum potential. Sometimes having abilities but not feeling pressured to prove them creates more peace for everyone.
In Today's Words:
Even if some people were incredibly talented, they wouldn't feel pressure to constantly perform or outshine others.
"I would make the people return to the use of knotted cords instead of the written characters"
Context: Describing his preference for simpler forms of communication and record-keeping
This isn't about being backwards, but about questioning whether more complex systems always make life better. Sometimes simpler tools create less stress and more genuine connection.
In Today's Words:
I'd have people go back to simpler ways of keeping track of things instead of complicated systems.
"There should be a neighbouring state within sight... but I would make the people to old age, even to death, not have any intercourse with it"
Context: Describing how his ideal community would relate to nearby communities
This isn't about isolation, but about being so content with your own life that you don't feel the need to constantly check what others are doing. It prevents the comparison that steals joy.
In Today's Words:
People could see their neighbors living differently, but they'd be so happy with their own lives they wouldn't feel the need to visit or compare.
Thematic Threads
Contentment
In This Chapter
People finding genuine satisfaction in simple pleasures—plain food tasting delicious, basic clothes feeling beautiful, modest homes providing perfect comfort
Development
Introduced here as the foundation of Taoist wisdom
In Your Life:
You might notice this when you feel happiest during simple moments—a good cup of coffee, a comfortable bed, a genuine conversation.
Choice
In This Chapter
Having boats and carriages but choosing to walk, possessing advanced tools but preferring simple ones, being able to travel but staying home
Development
Introduced here as conscious limitation
In Your Life:
You experience this when you feel overwhelmed by options—too many streaming shows, career paths, or weekend plans—and crave simplicity.
Community
In This Chapter
Neighbors close enough to hear each other but content enough never to visit, suggesting satisfaction within one's own circle
Development
Introduced here as natural boundaries
In Your Life:
You see this in the tension between staying connected to your community versus constantly seeking new social experiences or comparisons.
Progress
In This Chapter
Choosing knotted ropes over writing, walking over vehicles—deliberately selecting simpler technologies despite having access to advanced ones
Development
Introduced here as questioning advancement
In Your Life:
You encounter this when you wonder if the latest upgrade, app, or innovation actually makes your life better or just more complicated.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What kind of community does Lao Tzu describe, and how do the people in it relate to their possessions and opportunities?
analysis • surface - 2
Why would people who have boats and cars choose to walk everywhere instead? What does this suggest about the relationship between having options and using them?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see this pattern of 'too many choices leading to dissatisfaction' in your own life or community?
application • medium - 4
If you had to choose three areas of your life to simplify by reducing options, which would they be and how would you go about it?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter suggest about the difference between progress and satisfaction? Can you have both, or do you have to choose?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Choice Overload
List three areas where you have too many options that stress you out rather than help you. For each area, identify what having fewer choices might look like and what you might gain by limiting your options. Think about decisions you revisit constantly or areas where you spend mental energy comparing alternatives.
Consider:
- •Notice the difference between choices that energize you versus those that drain you
- •Consider how much time you spend researching options versus enjoying what you already have
- •Think about whether your dissatisfaction comes from what you lack or from awareness of other possibilities
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you were happiest with very few options. What made that simplicity satisfying? How could you recreate that feeling in one area of your current life?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 81: The Paradox of True Wealth
As the story unfolds, you'll explore genuine communication beats impressive words, while uncovering giving more actually increases what you have. These lessons connect the classic to contemporary challenges we all face.