An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 1263 words)
he Accursed
Soon the news spread through the town that the prisoners were about to
set out. At first it was heard with terror; afterward came the weeping
and wailing. The families of the prisoners ran about in distraction,
going from the convento to the barracks, from the barracks to the
town hall, and finding no consolation anywhere, filled the air with
cries and groans. The curate had shut himself up on a plea of illness;
the alferez had increased the guards, who received the supplicating
women with the butts of their rifles; the gobernadorcillo, at best
a useless creature, seemed to be more foolish and more useless than
ever. In front of the jail the women who still had strength enough
ran to and fro, while those who had not sat down on the ground and
called upon the names of their beloved.
Although the sun beat down fiercely, not one of these unfortunates
thought of going away. Doray, the erstwhile merry and happy wife of Don
Filipo, wandered about dejectedly, carrying in her arms their infant
son, both weeping. To the advice of friends that she go back home to
avoid exposing her baby to an attack of fever, the disconsolate woman
replied, "Why should he live, if he isn't going to have a father to
rear him?"
"Your husband is innocent. Perhaps he'll come back."
"Yes, after we're all dead!"
Capitana Tinay wept and called upon her son Antonio. The courageous
Capitana Maria gazed silently toward the small grating behind which
were her twin-boys, her only sons.
There was present also the mother-in-law of the pruner of
coco-palms, but she was not weeping; instead, she paced back and
forth, gesticulating with uplifted arms, and haranguing the crowd:
"Did you ever see anything like it? To arrest my Andong, to shoot at
him, to put him in the stocks, to take him to the capital, and only
because--because he had a new pair of pantaloons! This calls for
vengeance! The civil-guards are committing abuses! I swear that if
I ever again catch one of them in my garden, as has often happened,
I'll chop him up, I'll chop him up, or else--let him try to chop me
up!" Few persons, however, joined in the protests of the Mussulmanish
mother-in-law.
"Don Crisostomo is to blame for all this," sighed a woman.
The schoolmaster was also in the crowd, wandering about bewildered. Ñor
Juan did not rub his hands, nor was he carrying his rule and plumb-bob;
he was dressed in black, for he had heard the bad news and, true
to his habit of looking upon the future as already assured, was in
mourning for Ibarra's death.
At two o'clock in the afternoon an open cart drawn by two oxen stopped
in front of the town hall. This was at once set upon by the people,
who attempted to unhitch the oxen and destroy it. "Don't do that!" said
Capitana Maria. "Do you want to make them walk?" This consideration
acted as a restraint on the prisoners' relatives.
Twenty soldiers came out and surrounded the cart; then the prisoners
appeared. The first was Don Filipo, bound. He greeted his wife
smilingly, but Doray broke out into bitter weeping and two guards had
difficulty in preventing her from embracing her husband. Antonio, the
son of Capitana Tinay, appeared crying like a baby, which only added to
the lamentations of his family. The witless Andong broke out into tears
at sight of his mother-in-law, the cause of his misfortune. Albino,
the quondam theological student, was also bound, as were Capitana
Maria's twins. All three were grave and serious. The last to come
out was Ibarra, unbound, but conducted between two guards. The pallid
youth looked about him for a friendly face.
"He's the one that's to blame!" cried many voices. "He's to blame
and he goes loose!"
"My son-in-law hasn't done anything and he's got handcuffs on!" Ibarra
turned to the guards. "Bind me, and bind me well, elbow to elbow,"
he said.
"We haven't any order."
"Bind me!" And the soldiers obeyed.
The alferez appeared on horseback, armed to the teeth, ten or fifteen
more soldiers following him.
Each prisoner had his family there to pray for him, to weep for him,
to bestow on him the most endearing names--all save Ibarra, who had
no one, even Ñor Juan and the schoolmaster having disappeared.
"Look what you've done to my husband and my son!" Doray cried to
him. "Look at my poor son! You've robbed him of his father!"
So the sorrow of the families was converted into anger toward the
young man, who was accused of having started the trouble. The alferez
gave the order to set out.
"You're a coward!" the mother-in-law of Andong cried after
Ibarra. "While others were fighting for you, you hid yourself, coward!"
"May you be accursed!" exclaimed an old man, running along beside
him. "Accursed be the gold amassed by your family to disturb our
peace! Accursed! Accursed!"
"May they hang you, heretic!" cried a relative of Albino's. Unable
to restrain himself, he caught up a stone and threw it at the youth.
This example was quickly followed, and a rain of dirt and stones fell
on the wretched young man. Without anger or complaint, impassively he
bore the righteous vengeance of so many suffering hearts. This was the
parting, the farewell, offered to him by the people among whom were
all his affections. With bowed head, he was perhaps thinking of a man
whipped through the streets of Manila, of an old woman falling dead
at the sight of her son's head; perhaps Elias's history was passing
before his eyes.
The alferez found it necessary to drive the crowd back, but the
stone-throwing and the insults did not cease. One mother alone did not
wreak vengeance on him for her sorrows, Capitana Maria. Motionless,
with lips contracted and eyes full of silent tears, she saw her two
sons move away; her firmness, her dumb grief surpassed that of the
fabled Niobe.
So the procession moved on. Of the persons who appeared at the
few open windows those who showed most pity for the youth were the
indifferent and the curious. All his friends had hidden themselves,
even Capitan Basilio himself, who forbade his daughter Sinang to weep.
Ibarra saw the smoking ruins of his house--the home of his fathers,
where he was born, where clustered the fondest recollections of his
childhood and his youth. Tears long repressed started into his eyes,
and he bowed his head and wept without having the consolation of being
able to hide his grief, tied as he was, nor of having any one in whom
his sorrow awoke compassion. Now he had neither country, nor home,
nor love, nor friends, nor future!
From a slight elevation a man gazed upon the sad procession. He was an
old man, pale and emaciated, wrapped in a woolen blanket, supporting
himself with difficulty on a staff. It was the old Sage, Tasio, who,
on hearing of the event, had left his bed to be present, but his
strength had not been sufficient to carry him to the town hall. The
old man followed the cart with his gaze until it disappeared in the
distance and then remained for some time afterward with his head bowed,
deep in thought. Then he stood up and laboriously made his way toward
his house, pausing to rest at every step. On the following day some
herdsmen found him dead on the very threshold of his solitary home.
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Let's Analyse the Pattern
Communities in crisis redirect their anger from powerful, untouchable sources toward visible, vulnerable individuals.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when groups redirect legitimate anger toward convenient targets instead of actual power sources.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when people blame the messenger instead of the message sender—watch for anger flowing downward toward the vulnerable, not upward toward the powerful.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"Why should he live, if he isn't going to have a father to rear him?"
Context: She's carrying her baby while watching her husband being taken to prison
This heartbreaking question shows how political violence destroys not just the present but the future. Doray can't imagine hope for her son in a world where good men are destroyed.
In Today's Words:
What's the point if his dad won't be there to raise him?
"You're a coward! Accursed be your family's gold!"
Context: Townspeople shouting at Ibarra as he passes in the cart
The crowd blames Ibarra's wealth and privilege for their suffering, not understanding that he's also a victim of the same corrupt system. Their anger is misdirected but understandable.
In Today's Words:
This is all your fault, rich boy!
"Yes, after we're all dead!"
Context: Responding to friends who say her husband might return because he's innocent
Doray understands what others won't admit - that innocence doesn't matter in a corrupt system. She knows her husband won't survive long enough to come home.
In Today's Words:
Yeah right, by the time he gets out, we'll all be gone!
Thematic Threads
Betrayal
In This Chapter
The townspeople turn against Ibarra despite his efforts to help them, choosing to blame him rather than face the real sources of their suffering
Development
Evolved from personal betrayals to community-wide abandonment
In Your Life:
You might experience this when colleagues blame you for company problems you tried to solve.
Isolation
In This Chapter
Ibarra becomes completely alone as former friends hide indoors and the community actively attacks him
Development
Progressed from social exclusion to total abandonment and hostility
In Your Life:
You might feel this when taking an unpopular stand at work or in your family.
Class
In This Chapter
The crowd specifically curses Ibarra's family wealth, revealing resentment about economic privilege during their suffering
Development
Class tensions now explode into open hostility and blame
In Your Life:
You might see this when economic stress makes people resent anyone who seems better off.
Loss
In This Chapter
Ibarra loses everything—home, community, love, future—while watching his ancestral house burn
Development
Individual losses have accumulated into total devastation
In Your Life:
You might experience this when a major life change strips away multiple sources of identity at once.
Death
In This Chapter
Tasio dies alone after witnessing the community's destruction, symbolizing the death of wisdom and reason
Development
Death now represents the end of hope and rational discourse
In Your Life:
You might feel this when the voices of reason in your workplace or community are silenced or ignored.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
Why do the townspeople blame Ibarra instead of the Spanish authorities who actually arrested their family members?
analysis • surface - 2
What makes someone an easy target for blame when a community is hurting?
analysis • medium - 3
Where have you seen people blame the messenger instead of addressing the real problem?
application • medium - 4
How would you protect yourself if you were trying to help but the community turned against you?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter reveal about how fear and powerlessness affect our judgment?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map the Real Power Structure
Think of a situation where people are angry about a problem in your workplace, school, or community. Draw two columns: 'Who Gets Blamed' and 'Who Actually Has Power.' Fill in both sides, then identify the gap between where anger goes and where change could actually happen.
Consider:
- •Notice how blame often flows downward to people with less power
- •Consider why it feels safer to blame certain people over others
- •Think about what would happen if anger was directed at the real decision-makers
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you were blamed for something beyond your control, or when you joined others in blaming someone who was just the messenger. What was really happening underneath the surface anger?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 59: When Fear Rules the Streets
As the prisoners are transported away, the story shifts to examine how personal ambitions and political calculations continue even amid tragedy. The final threads of this colonial drama begin to weave together.




