Summary
Seneca opens by playfully chiding his friend Lucilius for not writing enough letters, then dives into a powerful observation about political ambition and social climbing. He paints a vivid picture of Roman election season—candidates bribing voters, kissing hands they'll later refuse to shake, making promises they won't keep. But instead of just criticizing the system, Seneca reveals something profound: the real power move is refusing to play the game at all. He argues that true freedom comes from 'canvassing for nothing'—not seeking approval, promotion, or status from others. This isn't about being lazy or unambitious; it's about recognizing that most of what we chase turns out to be either harmful, empty, or less satisfying than we imagined. Seneca then explores a philosophical question that has practical implications: what makes something truly good versus just attractive? He explains that many things seduce us from a distance but disappoint up close, like a mirage that looks like water but offers no relief. The chapter concludes with his insight that some qualities transform completely when they reach a certain magnitude—just as a child becomes fundamentally different when they develop reason, or how the final stone in an arch doesn't just add to the structure but completes it entirely. This isn't about settling for less; it's about understanding what actually delivers the satisfaction we're seeking.
Coming Up in Chapter 119
Having explored why chasing external validation is futile, Seneca is ready to reveal what does provide lasting satisfaction. In the next letter, he shares a personal discovery about how nature itself can be our most reliable provider—and why this insight changes everything about how we should approach our daily lives.
Share it with friends
An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
L←etter 117. On real ethics as superior to syllogistic subtletiesMoral letters to Luciliusby Seneca, translated by Richard Mott GummereLetter 118. On the vanity of place-seekingLetter 119. On nature as our best provider→484069Moral letters to Lucilius — Letter 118. On the vanity of place-seekingRichard Mott GummereSeneca ​ CXVIII. ON THE VANITY OF PLACE-SEEKING 1. You have been demanding more frequent letters from me. But if we compare the accounts, you will not be on the credit side.[1] We had indeed made the agreement that your part came first, that you should write the first letters, and that I should answer. However, I shall not be disagreeable; I know that it is safe to trust you, so I shall pay in advance, and yet not do as the eloquent Cicero bids Atticus do:[2] “Even if you have nothing to say, write whatever enters your head.” 2. For there will always be something for me to write about, even omitting all the kinds of news with which Cicero fills his correspondence: what candidate is in difficulties, who is striving on borrowed resources and who on his own; who is a candidate for the consulship relying on Caesar, or on Pompey, or on his own strong-box; what a merciless usurer is Caecilius,[3] out of whom his friends cannot screw a penny for less than one per cent each month. But it is preferable to deal with one’s own ills, rather than with another’s—to sift oneself and see for how many vain things one is a candidate, and cast a vote for none of them. 3. This, my dear Lucilius, is a noble thing, this brings peace and freedom—to canvass for nothing, and to pass by all the elections of Fortune. How can you call it enjoyable, when the tribes are called together and the candidates are making offerings in their favourite temples—some of them promising money gifts and others doing business by means of an agent, or wearing down their hands with the kisses of those to whom they will refuse the least finger-touch after being elected​—when all are excitedly awaiting the announcement of the herald, do you call it enjoyable, I say, to stand idle and look on at this Vanity Fair without either buying or selling? 4. How much greater joy does one feel who looks without concern, not merely upon the election of a praetor or of a consul, but upon that great struggle in which some are seeking yearly honours, and others permanent power, and others the triumph and the prosperous outcome of war, and others riches, or marriage and offspring, or the welfare of themselves and their relatives! What a great-souled action it is to be the only person who is canvassing for nothing, offering prayers to no man, and saying: “Fortune, I have nothing to do with you. I am not at your service. I know that men like Cato are spurned by you, and men like Vatinius made by you.[4] I ask no favours.” This is the way to...
Master this chapter. Complete your experience
Purchase the complete book to access all chapters and support classic literature
As an Amazon Associate, we earn a small commission from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you.
Available in paperback, hardcover, and e-book formats
Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Chasing External Validation
The cycle of seeking approval from others that leaves us dependent on their reactions and disconnected from our authentic selves.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when people (including yourself) are performing for approval rather than acting from genuine conviction.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when you change your behavior around different people—do you laugh differently with your boss than with your friends, or agree with opinions you don't actually hold?
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Consulship
The highest elected office in the Roman Republic, like being president today. Candidates would spend fortunes bribing voters and making promises to win this prestigious position. Seneca uses this as his prime example of meaningless ambition.
Modern Usage:
We see this in people who chase corner offices, political positions, or social media influence - spending everything to get something that often disappoints.
Canvassing
In Roman politics, this meant going door-to-door seeking votes, often with bribes and fake promises. Candidates would literally kiss hands of people they'd later ignore. Seneca flips this concept to argue for 'canvassing for nothing' - seeking no one's approval.
Modern Usage:
Today's version is networking events, LinkedIn connections, or constantly seeking likes and validation from people whose opinions don't actually matter to our lives.
Usury
Charging extremely high interest rates on loans, often trapping borrowers in debt cycles. Seneca mentions Caecilius as an example of someone who won't lend to friends for less than 12% annual interest. This represents how money corrupts relationships.
Modern Usage:
We see this in payday loans, credit card companies, or friends who always have strings attached to their help.
Borrowed resources vs. own resources
Seneca distinguishes between candidates who rely on others' money and influence versus those who have their own wealth. But he suggests both approaches are flawed because they're still chasing external validation.
Modern Usage:
This is the difference between people who need cosigners, family money, or connections versus those who are self-made - but both are still playing the status game.
Vain things
Seneca's term for pursuits that seem important but ultimately provide no real satisfaction or benefit. These are the goals that look good from a distance but disappoint up close, like mirages in the desert.
Modern Usage:
Social media followers, designer labels, job titles that sound impressive but make you miserable, or relationships that look perfect but feel empty.
Magnitude transformation
Seneca's insight that some qualities become completely different things when they reach a certain size or intensity. He compares this to how a child becomes fundamentally different when they develop reason, not just a bigger version of the same thing.
Modern Usage:
This is why small businesses and corporations operate completely differently, or why local fame versus global fame are entirely different experiences.
Characters in This Chapter
Lucilius
Friend and correspondent
Seneca's younger friend who apparently hasn't been writing enough letters. Seneca gently scolds him but then offers to write first anyway, showing the kind of generous friendship that doesn't keep score. He represents someone still learning these life lessons.
Modern Equivalent:
The friend who's bad at staying in touch but you care about anyway
Cicero
Literary reference point
The famous Roman orator whose letters to Atticus were filled with political gossip and trivial news. Seneca contrasts his own approach - he won't write empty chatter just to fill space, but will always find something meaningful to discuss.
Modern Equivalent:
The person who fills group chats with meaningless updates and drama
Atticus
Cicero's correspondent
Cicero's friend who received letters full of gossip and political maneuvering. Seneca mentions him to show the kind of shallow correspondence he wants to avoid - writing just to write, without purpose or wisdom.
Modern Equivalent:
The friend who enables gossip and drama instead of deeper conversation
Caesar
Political patron
One of the powerful men that Roman candidates would rely on for support in elections. Seneca lists him alongside Pompey as examples of how people seek external backing rather than standing on their own merit.
Modern Equivalent:
The influential boss or mentor whose approval people desperately seek
Caecilius
Greedy moneylender
A wealthy Roman who charges his own friends high interest rates and won't help anyone without profit. Seneca uses him as an example of how the pursuit of wealth corrupts even personal relationships and basic human decency.
Modern Equivalent:
The friend who always finds a way to make money off every interaction
Key Quotes & Analysis
"But it is preferable to deal with one's own ills, rather than with another's—to sift oneself and see for how many vain things one is a candidate"
Context: After describing the political gossip that fills other people's letters, Seneca explains why he prefers deeper self-examination
This is Seneca's core message: instead of judging others or getting caught up in external drama, we should examine our own motivations and desires. He's suggesting that most of what we chase is ultimately empty, and we'd be better served by honest self-reflection.
In Today's Words:
Instead of focusing on other people's problems and drama, I'd rather look at my own life and figure out what pointless stuff I'm chasing.
"Even if you have nothing to say, write whatever enters your head"
Context: Seneca quotes Cicero's advice to Atticus about letter-writing, but rejects this approach
Seneca uses this quote to contrast his own approach to communication. While Cicero advocates for empty chatter just to maintain contact, Seneca believes every interaction should have purpose and meaning. This reflects his broader philosophy about intentional living.
In Today's Words:
Just text them random stuff to stay in touch, even if you have nothing important to say.
"What candidate is in difficulties, who is striving on borrowed resources and who on his own"
Context: Describing the kind of political gossip that Cicero fills his letters with
Seneca paints a picture of the Roman political scene to show how people get caught up in others' ambitions and struggles. This gossip represents the distraction from what really matters - our own growth and character development.
In Today's Words:
Who's struggling in the election, who's using other people's money, and who's funding their own campaign.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
Seneca critiques how people compromise their dignity trying to climb social ladders through political favor-seeking
Development
Deepens from earlier discussions about wealth and status by showing the psychological cost of social climbing
In Your Life:
You might recognize this when you change how you talk or act around people you perceive as 'higher class' than you.
Identity
In This Chapter
The tension between who you are and who you perform to be when seeking others' approval
Development
Builds on earlier themes about authentic self-knowledge by examining how external pressures distort identity
In Your Life:
You see this when you catch yourself agreeing with opinions you don't actually hold just to fit in.
Social Expectations
In This Chapter
The exhausting performance required to meet society's demands for success and recognition
Development
Expands previous discussions about societal pressures by showing the futility of trying to satisfy external expectations
In Your Life:
This appears when you feel pressure to achieve certain milestones (marriage, homeownership, promotions) because others expect them.
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
True development comes from internal standards rather than external achievements or recognition
Development
Continues the theme of self-directed improvement by emphasizing independence from others' judgments
In Your Life:
You experience this when you realize that your proudest moments often happen when no one else is watching.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What does Seneca mean when he describes politicians 'canvassing' during election season, and what parallels does he draw to how we seek approval in daily life?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Seneca argue that 'canvassing for nothing' is actually more powerful than trying to win people's approval?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see the pattern of 'canvassing'—seeking others' approval or validation—showing up in your workplace, family, or social media interactions?
application • medium - 4
Think of a situation where you've been 'performing' for someone's approval. How might you handle that same situation if you were 'canvassing for nothing' instead?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter reveal about the difference between things that look attractive from a distance versus things that actually satisfy us up close?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Approval Campaign
Draw three columns on paper: 'What I'm Seeking', 'From Whom', and 'What I Actually Get.' List 3-5 areas where you find yourself seeking approval, validation, or recognition. For each, identify who you're trying to impress and honestly assess what you actually receive when you get their approval. Notice the gap between what you hoped for and what you actually experience.
Consider:
- •Be honest about the emotional cost of seeking each type of approval
- •Consider whether the validation actually changes how you feel about yourself long-term
- •Think about what you might do differently if you weren't seeking that particular approval
Journaling Prompt
Write about one relationship or situation where you could practice 'canvassing for nothing.' What would you say or do differently if you weren't trying to manage the other person's reaction?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 119: Nature as Our Best Provider
Moving forward, we'll examine to distinguish between needs and wants in daily life, and understand contentment with enough creates true wealth. These insights bridge the gap between classic literature and modern experience.