An excerpt from the original text.(complete · 2881 words)
BATHSHEBA TALKS WITH HER OUTRIDER
The arrangement for getting back again to Weatherbury had been that Oak
should take the place of Poorgrass in Bathsheba’s conveyance and drive
her home, it being discovered late in the afternoon that Joseph was
suffering from his old complaint, a multiplying eye, and was,
therefore, hardly trustworthy as coachman and protector to a woman. But
Oak had found himself so occupied, and was full of so many cares
relative to those portions of Boldwood’s flocks that were not disposed
of, that Bathsheba, without telling Oak or anybody, resolved to drive
home herself, as she had many times done from Casterbridge Market, and
trust to her good angel for performing the journey unmolested. But
having fallen in with Farmer Boldwood accidentally (on her part at
least) at the refreshment-tent, she found it impossible to refuse his
offer to ride on horseback beside her as escort. It had grown twilight
before she was aware, but Boldwood assured her that there was no cause
for uneasiness, as the moon would be up in half-an-hour.
Immediately after the incident in the tent, she had risen to go—now
absolutely alarmed and really grateful for her old lover’s
protection—though regretting Gabriel’s absence, whose company she would
have much preferred, as being more proper as well as more pleasant,
since he was her own managing-man and servant. This, however, could not
be helped; she would not, on any consideration, treat Boldwood harshly,
having once already ill-used him, and the moon having risen, and the
gig being ready, she drove across the hilltop in the wending way’s
which led downwards—to oblivious obscurity, as it seemed, for the moon
and the hill it flooded with light were in appearance on a level, the
rest of the world lying as a vast shady concave between them. Boldwood
mounted his horse, and followed in close attendance behind. Thus they
descended into the lowlands, and the sounds of those left on the hill
came like voices from the sky, and the lights were as those of a camp
in heaven. They soon passed the merry stragglers in the immediate
vicinity of the hill, traversed Kingsbere, and got upon the high road.
The keen instincts of Bathsheba had perceived that the farmer’s staunch
devotion to herself was still undiminished, and she sympathized deeply.
The sight had quite depressed her this evening; had reminded her of her
folly; she wished anew, as she had wished many months ago, for some
means of making reparation for her fault. Hence her pity for the man
who so persistently loved on to his own injury and permanent gloom had
betrayed Bathsheba into an injudicious considerateness of manner, which
appeared almost like tenderness, and gave new vigour to the exquisite
dream of a Jacob’s seven years service in poor Boldwood’s mind.
He soon found an excuse for advancing from his position in the rear,
and rode close by her side. They had gone two or three miles in the
moonlight, speaking desultorily across the wheel of her gig concerning
the fair, farming, Oak’s usefulness to them both, and other indifferent
subjects, when Boldwood said suddenly and simply—
“Mrs. Troy, you will marry again some day?”
This point-blank query unmistakably confused her, and it was not till a
minute or more had elapsed that she said, “I have not seriously thought
of any such subject.”
“I quite understand that. Yet your late husband has been dead nearly
one year, and—”
“You forget that his death was never absolutely proved, and may not
have taken place; so that I may not be really a widow,” she said,
catching at the straw of escape that the fact afforded.
“Not absolutely proved, perhaps, but it was proved circumstantially. A
man saw him drowning, too. No reasonable person has any doubt of his
death; nor have you, ma’am, I should imagine.”
“I have none now, or I should have acted differently,” she said,
gently. “I certainly, at first, had a strange unaccountable feeling
that he could not have perished, but I have been able to explain that
in several ways since. But though I am fully persuaded that I shall see
him no more, I am far from thinking of marriage with another. I should
be very contemptible to indulge in such a thought.”
They were silent now awhile, and having struck into an unfrequented
track across a common, the creaks of Boldwood’s saddle and her gig
springs were all the sounds to be heard. Boldwood ended the pause.
“Do you remember when I carried you fainting in my arms into the King’s
Arms, in Casterbridge? Every dog has his day: that was mine.”
“I know—I know it all,” she said, hurriedly.
“I, for one, shall never cease regretting that events so fell out as to
deny you to me.”
“I, too, am very sorry,” she said, and then checked herself. “I mean,
you know, I am sorry you thought I—”
“I have always this dreary pleasure in thinking over those past times
with you—that I was something to you before he was anything, and that
you belonged almost to me. But, of course, that’s nothing. You never
liked me.”
“I did; and respected you, too.”
“Do you now?”
“Yes.”
“Which?”
“How do you mean which?”
“Do you like me, or do you respect me?”
“I don’t know—at least, I cannot tell you. It is difficult for a woman
to define her feelings in language which is chiefly made by men to
express theirs. My treatment of you was thoughtless, inexcusable,
wicked! I shall eternally regret it. If there had been anything I could
have done to make amends I would most gladly have done it—there was
nothing on earth I so longed to do as to repair the error. But that was
not possible.”
“Don’t blame yourself—you were not so far in the wrong as you suppose.
Bathsheba, suppose you had real complete proof that you are what, in
fact, you are—a widow—would you repair the old wrong to me by marrying
me?”
“I cannot say. I shouldn’t yet, at any rate.”
“But you might at some future time of your life?”
“Oh yes, I might at some time.”
“Well, then, do you know that without further proof of any kind you may
marry again in about six years from the present—subject to nobody’s
objection or blame?”
“Oh yes,” she said, quickly. “I know all that. But don’t talk of
it—seven or six years—where may we all be by that time?”
“They will soon glide by, and it will seem an astonishingly short time
to look back upon when they are past—much less than to look forward to
now.”
“Yes, yes; I have found that in my own experience.”
“Now listen once more,” Boldwood pleaded. “If I wait that time, will
you marry me? You own that you owe me amends—let that be your way of
making them.”
“But, Mr. Boldwood—six years—”
“Do you want to be the wife of any other man?”
“No indeed! I mean, that I don’t like to talk about this matter now.
Perhaps it is not proper, and I ought not to allow it. Let us drop it.
My husband may be living, as I said.”
“Of course, I’ll drop the subject if you wish. But propriety has
nothing to do with reasons. I am a middle-aged man, willing to protect
you for the remainder of our lives. On your side, at least, there is no
passion or blamable haste—on mine, perhaps, there is. But I can’t help
seeing that if you choose from a feeling of pity, and, as you say, a
wish to make amends, to make a bargain with me for a far-ahead time—an
agreement which will set all things right and make me happy, late
though it may be—there is no fault to be found with you as a woman.
Hadn’t I the first place beside you? Haven’t you been almost mine once
already? Surely you can say to me as much as this, you will have me
back again should circumstances permit? Now, pray speak! O Bathsheba,
promise—it is only a little promise—that if you marry again, you will
marry me!”
His tone was so excited that she almost feared him at this moment, even
whilst she sympathized. It was a simple physical fear—the weak of the
strong; there was no emotional aversion or inner repugnance. She said,
with some distress in her voice, for she remembered vividly his
outburst on the Yalbury Road, and shrank from a repetition of his
anger:—
“I will never marry another man whilst you wish me to be your wife,
whatever comes—but to say more—you have taken me so by surprise—”
“But let it stand in these simple words—that in six years’ time you
will be my wife? Unexpected accidents we’ll not mention, because those,
of course, must be given way to. Now, this time I know you will keep
your word.”
“That’s why I hesitate to give it.”
“But do give it! Remember the past, and be kind.”
She breathed; and then said mournfully: “Oh what shall I do? I don’t
love you, and I much fear that I never shall love you as much as a
woman ought to love a husband. If you, sir, know that, and I can yet
give you happiness by a mere promise to marry at the end of six years,
if my husband should not come back, it is a great honour to me. And if
you value such an act of friendship from a woman who doesn’t esteem
herself as she did, and has little love left, why I—I will—”
“Promise!”
“—Consider, if I cannot promise soon.”
“But soon is perhaps never?”
“Oh no, it is not! I mean soon. Christmas, we’ll say.”
“Christmas!” He said nothing further till he added: “Well, I’ll say no
more to you about it till that time.”
Bathsheba was in a very peculiar state of mind, which showed how
entirely the soul is the slave of the body, the ethereal spirit
dependent for its quality upon the tangible flesh and blood. It is
hardly too much to say that she felt coerced by a force stronger than
her own will, not only into the act of promising upon this singularly
remote and vague matter, but into the emotion of fancying that she
ought to promise. When the weeks intervening between the night of this
conversation and Christmas day began perceptibly to diminish, her
anxiety and perplexity increased.
One day she was led by an accident into an oddly confidential dialogue
with Gabriel about her difficulty. It afforded her a little relief—of a
dull and cheerless kind. They were auditing accounts, and something
occurred in the course of their labours which led Oak to say, speaking
of Boldwood, “He’ll never forget you, ma’am, never.”
Then out came her trouble before she was aware; and she told him how
she had again got into the toils; what Boldwood had asked her, and how
he was expecting her assent. “The most mournful reason of all for my
agreeing to it,” she said sadly, “and the true reason why I think to do
so for good or for evil, is this—it is a thing I have not breathed to a
living soul as yet—I believe that if I don’t give my word, he’ll go out
of his mind.”
“Really, do ye?” said Gabriel, gravely.
“I believe this,” she continued, with reckless frankness; “and Heaven
knows I say it in a spirit the very reverse of vain, for I am grieved
and troubled to my soul about it—I believe I hold that man’s future in
my hand. His career depends entirely upon my treatment of him. O
Gabriel, I tremble at my responsibility, for it is terrible!”
“Well, I think this much, ma’am, as I told you years ago,” said Oak,
“that his life is a total blank whenever he isn’t hoping for ’ee; but I
can’t suppose—I hope that nothing so dreadful hangs on to it as you
fancy. His natural manner has always been dark and strange, you know.
But since the case is so sad and odd-like, why don’t ye give the
conditional promise? I think I would.”
“But is it right? Some rash acts of my past life have taught me that a
watched woman must have very much circumspection to retain only a very
little credit, and I do want and long to be discreet in this! And six
years—why we may all be in our graves by that time, even if Mr. Troy
does not come back again, which he may not impossibly do! Such thoughts
give a sort of absurdity to the scheme. Now, isn’t it preposterous,
Gabriel? However he came to dream of it, I cannot think. But is it
wrong? You know—you are older than I.”
“Eight years older, ma’am.”
“Yes, eight years—and is it wrong?”
“Perhaps it would be an uncommon agreement for a man and woman to make:
I don’t see anything really wrong about it,” said Oak, slowly. “In fact
the very thing that makes it doubtful if you ought to marry en under
any condition, that is, your not caring about him—for I may suppose—”
“Yes, you may suppose that love is wanting,” she said shortly. “Love is
an utterly bygone, sorry, worn-out, miserable thing with me—for him or
any one else.”
“Well, your want of love seems to me the one thing that takes away harm
from such an agreement with him. If wild heat had to do wi’ it, making
ye long to over-come the awkwardness about your husband’s vanishing, it
mid be wrong; but a cold-hearted agreement to oblige a man seems
different, somehow. The real sin, ma’am in my mind, lies in thinking of
ever wedding wi’ a man you don’t love honest and true.”
“That I’m willing to pay the penalty of,” said Bathsheba, firmly. “You
know, Gabriel, this is what I cannot get off my conscience—that I once
seriously injured him in sheer idleness. If I had never played a trick
upon him, he would never have wanted to marry me. Oh if I could only
pay some heavy damages in money to him for the harm I did, and so get
the sin off my soul that way!... Well, there’s the debt, which can only
be discharged in one way, and I believe I am bound to do it if it
honestly lies in my power, without any consideration of my own future
at all. When a rake gambles away his expectations, the fact that it is
an inconvenient debt doesn’t make him the less liable. I’ve been a
rake, and the single point I ask you is, considering that my own
scruples, and the fact that in the eye of the law my husband is only
missing, will keep any man from marrying me until seven years have
passed—am I free to entertain such an idea, even though ’tis a sort of
penance—for it will be that? I hate the act of marriage under such
circumstances, and the class of women I should seem to belong to by
doing it!”
“It seems to me that all depends upon whe’r you think, as everybody
else do, that your husband is dead.”
“Yes—I’ve long ceased to doubt that. I well know what would have
brought him back long before this time if he had lived.”
“Well, then, in a religious sense you will be as free to think o’
marrying again as any real widow of one year’s standing. But why don’t
ye ask Mr. Thirdly’s advice on how to treat Mr. Boldwood?”
“No. When I want a broad-minded opinion for general enlightenment,
distinct from special advice, I never go to a man who deals in the
subject professionally. So I like the parson’s opinion on law, the
lawyer’s on doctoring, the doctor’s on business, and my
business-man’s—that is, yours—on morals.”
“And on love—”
“My own.”
“I’m afraid there’s a hitch in that argument,” said Oak, with a grave
smile.
She did not reply at once, and then saying, “Good evening, Mr. Oak,”
went away.
She had spoken frankly, and neither asked nor expected any reply from
Gabriel more satisfactory than that she had obtained. Yet in the
centremost parts of her complicated heart there existed at this minute
a little pang of disappointment, for a reason she would not allow
herself to recognize. Oak had not once wished her free that he might
marry her himself—had not once said, “I could wait for you as well as
he.” That was the insect sting. Not that she would have listened to any
such hypothesis. O no—for wasn’t she saying all the time that such
thoughts of the future were improper, and wasn’t Gabriel far too poor a
man to speak sentiment to her? Yet he might have just hinted about that
old love of his, and asked, in a playful off-hand way, if he might
speak of it. It would have seemed pretty and sweet, if no more; and
then she would have shown how kind and inoffensive a woman’s “No” can
sometimes be. But to give such cool advice—the very advice she had
asked for—it ruffled our heroine all the afternoon.
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Let's Analyse the Pattern
Making major life decisions based on guilt and obligation rather than genuine choice or desire.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to recognize when someone uses your past mistakes to pressure current decisions.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when someone references past favors or your previous errors to influence what you do next—that's guilt manipulation in action.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Key Quotes & Analysis
"I cannot think of marriage again for a long while yet, if ever"
Context: Her initial response when Boldwood asks if she'll marry again
Shows she's still grieving and not ready for love, but the 'if ever' reveals deeper doubts about her capacity for romantic happiness. Her hesitation gives Boldwood an opening to pressure her.
In Today's Words:
I'm not looking to date anyone right now, maybe not ever
"You did once promise that if you could not love me, you would consider at the end of five or six years"
Context: Boldwood reminding Bathsheba of her past promise to consider his proposal
He's using her own words against her, showing how promises made in desperation can become chains. He's banking on her guilt and sense of honor to trap her into marriage.
In Today's Words:
You said if things didn't work out with anyone else, you'd give me a chance later
"I fear I am doing you an injury by keeping you in suspense"
Context: Bathsheba expressing guilt about not giving Boldwood a clear answer
Shows how she's internalized responsibility for his emotional state. She sees his obsession as her fault and feels obligated to either accept or reject him definitively, not realizing that his reaction isn't her responsibility.
In Today's Words:
I feel bad for not giving you a straight yes or no answer
"I think you ought to marry him"
Context: Gabriel's practical advice when Bathsheba asks what she should do about Boldwood
His rational response wounds her because she secretly hoped he'd object or declare his own feelings. Instead, he gives her the logical counsel she requested, not the emotional response she craved.
In Today's Words:
Yeah, you should probably marry him
Thematic Threads
Guilt
In This Chapter
Bathsheba feels obligated to consider marrying Boldwood as penance for her thoughtless valentine
Development
Evolved from playful thoughtlessness to crushing responsibility
In Your Life:
You might feel guilty about past mistakes and let that guilt drive current decisions rather than wisdom.
Communication
In This Chapter
Bathsheba asks Gabriel for advice but secretly hopes he'll declare his own feelings instead
Development
Continued pattern of indirect communication causing misunderstandings
In Your Life:
You might ask for one thing while secretly hoping for something completely different, then feel disappointed.
Responsibility
In This Chapter
Bathsheba believes she's responsible for Boldwood's mental state and potential breakdown
Development
Her sense of responsibility has expanded beyond reasonable bounds
In Your Life:
You might take responsibility for other people's emotions and reactions to an unhealthy degree.
Class
In This Chapter
Gabriel gives practical, working-class advice while Bathsheba hopes for romantic declaration
Development
Class differences continue to shape their interactions and expectations
In Your Life:
You might find that people from different backgrounds approach problems in fundamentally different ways.
Identity
In This Chapter
Bathsheba struggles between her desire for independence and her guilt-driven sense of obligation
Development
Her identity crisis deepens as external pressures mount
In Your Life:
You might find your sense of self torn between what you want and what others expect from you.
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
What pressure tactics does Boldwood use to get Bathsheba to consider his proposal, and how does she respond?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Bathsheba feel obligated to consider marrying Boldwood despite not loving him?
analysis • medium - 3
Where do you see people making major life decisions based on guilt rather than genuine desire in today's world?
application • medium - 4
When Bathsheba asks Gabriel for advice, what is she really hoping to hear, and how does this show up in your own life?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter reveal about how past mistakes can become prisons if we let guilt control our future choices?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Separate Guilt from Choice
Think of a current situation where you feel obligated to do something primarily because of guilt rather than genuine desire. Write down the situation, then create two columns: 'Guilt Says' and 'My True Choice Would Be.' Fill in what guilt is telling you to do versus what you would choose if guilt weren't driving the decision. This exercise helps you recognize when guilt is masquerading as duty or love.
Consider:
- •Guilt often feels urgent and demanding, while genuine choice feels calmer
- •You can acknowledge past mistakes without sacrificing your future to them
- •Sometimes the most honest thing is refusing to let guilt control major decisions
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you made a significant decision based on guilt rather than genuine desire. What was the outcome? How might you handle a similar situation differently now?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 52: The Christmas Eve Reckoning
As Christmas approaches and Bathsheba's promise deadline looms, the paths of all the main characters begin to converge. The weight of her decision grows heavier, and forces beyond her control start to shape everyone's fate.




