Summary
Emerson explores what makes a true gentleman—and it's not money or fancy manners. Real gentlemen possess personal force: they're comfortable in their own skin and can adapt to any situation, whether dining with pirates or debating with scholars. They don't need to prove themselves because their authenticity speaks for itself. True courtesy isn't about memorizing etiquette rules; it's about having enough self-confidence to focus on others' comfort rather than your own insecurities. Emerson argues that the best manners come from a generous heart combined with keen perception—knowing how to read a room and respond appropriately. He distinguishes between shallow 'fashion' (which is often just showing off) and genuine refinement (which comes from inner strength and kindness). The chapter reveals how social hierarchies naturally form around people with real substance, not just wealth or connections. Emerson shows that true elegance is about being fully present and authentic in each moment, whether you're talking to a CEO or a janitor. He emphasizes that the most attractive quality in anyone is the ability to make others feel valued and understood. This isn't about being fake-nice; it's about having enough inner security to genuinely care about others' wellbeing.
Coming Up in Chapter 7
After exploring the art of social grace, Emerson turns to a more intimate challenge: the delicate art of gift-giving. Why do we struggle so much to choose the right present, and what do our gifts reveal about the true nature of generosity and human connection?
Share it with friends
An excerpt from the original text.(~500 words)
Serves himself with metals, wood, stone, glass, gum, cotton, silk and wool; honors himself with architecture;[372] writes laws, and contrives to execute his will through the hands of many nations; and, especially, establishes a select society, running through all the countries of intelligent men, a self-constituted aristocracy, or fraternity of the best, which, without written law, or exact usage of any kind, perpetuates itself, colonizes every new-planted island, and adopts and makes its own whatever personal beauty or extraordinary native endowment anywhere appears. 2. What fact more conspicuous in modern history, than the creation of the gentleman? Chivalry[373] is that, and loyalty is that, and, in English literature, half the drama, and all the novels, from Sir Philip Sidney[374] to Sir Walter Scott,[375] paint this figure. The word _gentleman_, which, like the word Christian, must hereafter characterize the present and the few preceding centuries, by the importance attached to it, is a homage to personal and incommunicable properties. Frivolous and fantastic additions have got associated with the name, but the steady interest of mankind in it must be attributed to the valuable properties which it designates. An element which unites all the most forcible persons of every country; makes them intelligible and agreeable to each other, and is somewhat so precise, that it is at once felt if an individual lack the masonic sign,[376] cannot be any casual product, but must be an average result of the character and faculties universally found in men. It seems a certain permanent average; as the atmosphere is a permanent composition, whilst so many gases are combined only to be decompounded. _Comme il faut_, is the Frenchman's description of good society, _as we must be_. It is a spontaneous fruit of talents and feelings of precisely that class who have most vigor, who take the lead in the world of this hour, and, though far from pure, far from constituting the gladdest and highest tone of human feeling, is as good as the whole society permits it to be. It is made of the spirit, more than of the talent of men, and is a compound result, into which every great force enters as an ingredient, namely, virtue, wit, beauty, wealth, and power. 3. There is something equivocal in all the words in use to express the excellence of manners and social cultivation, because the qualities are fluxional, and the last effect is assumed by the senses as the cause. The word _gentleman_ has not any correlative abstract[377] to express the quality. _Gentility_ is mean, and _gentilesse_[378] is obsolete. But we must keep alive in the vernacular the distinction between _fashion_, a word of narrow and often sinister meaning, and the heroic character which the gentleman imports. The usual words, however, must be respected: they will be found to contain the root of the matter. The point of distinction in all this class of names, as courtesy, chivalry, fashion, and the like, is, that the flower and fruit, not the grain of the tree,...
Master this chapter. Complete your experience
Purchase the complete book to access all chapters and support classic literature
As an Amazon Associate, we earn a small commission from qualifying purchases at no additional cost to you.
Available in paperback, hardcover, and e-book formats
Intelligence Amplifier™ Analysis
The Road of Authentic Presence
The more you try to impress others through performance, the less genuine connection you create; true social power comes from authentic presence.
Why This Matters
Connect literature to life
This chapter teaches how to distinguish between people who are performing confidence and those who possess genuine self-assurance.
Practice This Today
This week, notice when someone's trying too hard to impress you versus when they're simply being present—watch how differently you respond to each approach.
Now let's explore the literary elements.
Terms to Know
Chivalry
The medieval code of honor for knights that emphasized courage, courtesy, and protecting the weak. Emerson uses it to show how society creates ideals of proper behavior that go beyond just following rules.
Modern Usage:
We still talk about 'chivalrous' behavior when someone shows old-fashioned courtesy, like holding doors or standing up for others.
Gentleman
For Emerson, not just a man with money or manners, but someone with inner strength and authenticity. A person who can adapt to any situation while staying true to themselves.
Modern Usage:
We use 'gentleman' or 'lady' to describe someone who treats everyone with respect, regardless of their own social status.
Self-constituted aristocracy
Emerson's idea that truly refined people naturally recognize each other and form their own elite group based on character, not birth or wealth. They create their own standards.
Modern Usage:
Like how certain professionals or artists naturally gravitate toward each other and form their own networks based on shared values.
Masonic sign
Secret signals used by Freemasons to recognize fellow members. Emerson uses this to describe how genuine people can instantly spot authenticity in others.
Modern Usage:
When you can immediately tell if someone is 'real' or putting on an act - that gut feeling about authenticity.
Personal force
The inner strength and confidence that makes someone naturally influential. It's not about being loud or pushy, but having a solid sense of self that others respect.
Modern Usage:
Some people just have 'presence' - they walk into a room and everyone notices, not because they demand attention but because they're comfortable being themselves.
Incommunicable properties
Qualities that can't be taught or transferred to someone else - things like natural charisma, authentic confidence, or genuine kindness that come from within.
Modern Usage:
That special something that makes certain people naturally likeable or respected - you either have it or you don't.
Characters in This Chapter
Sir Philip Sidney
Historical example
Emerson mentions him as a model of the gentleman ideal in English literature. Sidney represents the combination of nobility, learning, and personal virtue that Emerson admires.
Modern Equivalent:
The celebrity who's famous for talent and character, not just fame
Sir Walter Scott
Literary reference
Another writer who portrayed the gentleman ideal in his novels. Emerson uses him to show how literature has consistently celebrated this type of character across generations.
Modern Equivalent:
The bestselling author who writes about honor and integrity
Key Quotes & Analysis
"The word gentleman, which, like the word Christian, must hereafter characterize the present and the few preceding centuries, by the importance attached to it, is a homage to personal and incommunicable properties."
Context: Explaining why the concept of 'gentleman' became so important in his era
Emerson argues that society's obsession with being a 'gentleman' shows we value inner qualities that can't be bought or taught. It's about recognizing that some people just have that special something.
In Today's Words:
We care so much about being a 'good person' because we know real character comes from within and can't be faked.
"An element which unites all the most forcible persons of every country; makes them intelligible and agreeable to each other"
Context: Describing how true gentlemen recognize each other across cultural boundaries
Real character transcends nationality, class, or background. People with genuine strength and integrity can connect with each other regardless of their differences.
In Today's Words:
Authentic people recognize other authentic people, no matter where they're from or what they do for a living.
"It is at once felt if an individual lack the masonic sign"
Context: Explaining how quickly we can spot someone who's pretending to be something they're not
You can instantly tell when someone is putting on an act versus being genuine. There's something unmistakable about authentic confidence and character.
In Today's Words:
You know right away when someone's being fake - they just don't have that real energy.
Thematic Threads
Class
In This Chapter
True gentility comes from character and presence, not wealth or breeding
Development
Builds on earlier themes about natural aristocracy versus inherited status
In Your Life:
You might notice how some wealthy people seem desperate for approval while some working-class folks command natural respect
Identity
In This Chapter
Authentic self-knowledge creates magnetic personal presence
Development
Develops the self-reliance theme into social application
In Your Life:
You might recognize the difference between trying to be someone else versus being confidently yourself
Social Expectations
In This Chapter
Real courtesy adapts to each situation rather than following rigid rules
Development
Introduced here as contrast to conformity
In Your Life:
You might see how the most socially skilled people adjust their approach based on who they're with
Personal Growth
In This Chapter
Inner security allows you to focus outward on others' needs
Development
Extends individual development into interpersonal skills
In Your Life:
You might notice how your own insecurities make you self-focused while confidence lets you be generous
Human Relationships
In This Chapter
Genuine connection requires vulnerability and presence, not performance
Development
Introduced here as foundation for meaningful social bonds
In Your Life:
You might recognize that your best relationships are with people who don't try to impress you
You now have the context. Time to form your own thoughts.
Discussion Questions
- 1
According to Emerson, what's the difference between someone with good manners and someone who's just following etiquette rules?
analysis • surface - 2
Why does Emerson think that trying too hard to impress people actually makes you less impressive?
analysis • medium - 3
Think about someone you know who makes everyone feel comfortable. What do they do differently than people who seem fake or try-hard?
application • medium - 4
When you're in a new social situation, how can you tell if you're being authentic or performing? What would change if you focused on making others comfortable instead of managing your own image?
application • deep - 5
What does this chapter reveal about why some people naturally become leaders while others with more credentials or money don't?
reflection • deep
Critical Thinking Exercise
Map Your Social Comfort Zones
Think of three different social situations: one where you feel completely comfortable, one where you feel moderately nervous, and one where you feel like you're performing or trying to impress. For each situation, write down what you do differently - how you talk, what you focus on, how you treat others. Notice the pattern between your comfort level and your ability to focus on others versus yourself.
Consider:
- •Pay attention to where your attention goes - inward to self-monitoring or outward to genuine interest in others
- •Notice how your body language and voice change when you're performing versus when you're relaxed
- •Consider how others respond to you differently in each scenario
Journaling Prompt
Write about a time when you felt completely authentic in a social situation. What made that possible? How did others respond to you, and how might you recreate those conditions more often?
Coming Up Next...
Chapter 7: The Art of Giving and Receiving
The coming pages reveal meaningful gifts come from personal sacrifice, not store purchases, and teach us to navigate the complex emotions around giving and receiving help. These discoveries help us navigate similar situations in our own lives.